| 1. |
- Alpenberg, Jan, Docent, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Capital investments in the Swedish forest industry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Presented at the 17th Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Association Annual Conference (APMAA 2022), Bangkok, Thailand, November 9-11, 2022. - : Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Association.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this research is to gain understanding of how companies in the Swedish forest industry proceed in capital investment assessments regarding tangible investments. The research was conducted through a determination of which financial methods are used and which non-financial considerations (strategic, environmental, and social) are taken into account while assessing tangible investments. In order to enable a research of investment assessment in the Swedish forest industry, 10 companies have been studied with the use of qualitative (based on the interviews) method. The majority of the investment appraisal methods used in the Swedish forest companies have been observed in previous research, both domestically and internationally. The fact that the payback method is the most widely used method in the Swedish forest industry is in direct contrast to the application in the American forest industry, where discounted cash flows methods are most common. Net present value, internal rate of return, and sensitivity analysis are also used but not in all examined companies and not for all investments. Another distinctive finding is that the forest companies are happy to combine different calculation methods to increase the probability of succeeding in mapping a true picture of future investment financial consequences. The results of the study show that the investment assessment in the forest industry has several industry-specific features, which is expressed in the form of strategy, environmental, safety promotion becoming extra important for the forest companies, which stands out in relation to previous research.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in offending trajectories in a Swedish cohort
- 2012
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Ingår i: CBMH. Criminal behaviour and mental health. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0957-9664 .- 1471-2857. ; 22:2, s. 108-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Despite the increased interest in female offending trajectories over the last decades, knowledge is still limited. Aim To meet the need for more knowledge on female offending trajectories by studying sex differences in criminal career patterns. Method Data on 518 female and 2567 male offenders up to age 30 from the Swedish longitudinal Project Metropolitan study were analysed using latent class analysis. Results The female offenders were much less predisposed to offend than the males, but when they did, they tended to follow a similar set of trajectories to males in their criminal development over time. Four criminal career patterns were identified for each sex. Two patterns were the same between the sexes, and two were gender unique. All career patterns had meaningful and distinct associations with crime characteristics. Conclusions Our study presents indicators relating both to gender differences and to heterogeneity within the group of female offenders. One important finding was the identification of an adult-onset offender group unique to females. This group was characterised by high criminal activity over the years following their late onset. Further research will focus on the childhood origins, pathways and outcomes of different female antisocial and criminal careers.
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| 5. |
- Appelros, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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On the role of the frontal projection in videoradiography of velopharynx in decision-making for a velopharyngeal flap plasty in patients with cleft palate
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - 2000-656X. ; 54:4, s. 255-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite uneventful primary surgery, patients with cleft palate may experience velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and hypernasal speech. Videoradiography of velopharynx is a commonly used method to visualize velopharyngeal function and a velopharyngeal flap is often used to counteract VPI. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the frontal projection on videoradiography plays a role in the decision-making about velopharyngeal flap surgery, or possibly the width and orientation of the flap. A secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of the flap in improving velopharyngeal function. Between 2007 and 2016, 75 patients had received a flap at our department. During the same period of time, 41 patients who had undergone videoradiography did not receive a flap. Medical records, particularly regarding speech assessments, videoradiography statements and operating records, were scrutinised to seek information about the factors leading up to the decision about whether or not to perform a flap. In only one instance, reduced lateral pharyngeal wall movement found on the frontal projection was clearly taken into account when deciding to refrain from performing a velopharyngeal flap. Only a slight agreement was found between pre-operative speech assessment and findings in videoradiography. Hypernasality was reduced by flap surgery in 97% of the patients. We conclude the frontal projection of the videoradiographic examination seems to have no crucial role in the decision-making on performing a velopharyngeal flap or not in patients with cleft palate. Even with reduced lateral pharyngeal wall movement, a velopharyngeal flap effectively reduces hypernasality and VPI.
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| 7. |
- Bastviken, David, et al.
(författare)
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Chloride retention in forest soil by microbial uptake and by natural chlorination of organic matter
- 2007
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Ingår i: Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 71:13, s. 3182-3192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inorganic chlorine (i.e. chloride; Cl-in) is generally considered inert in soil and is often used as a tracer of soil and ground water movements. However, recent studies indicate that substantial retention or release of Cl-in can occur in soil, but the rates and processes responsible under different environmental conditions are largely unknown. We performed Cl-36 tracer experiments which indicated that short-term microbial uptake and release of Cl-in, in combination with more long-term natural formation of chlorinated organic matter (Cl-org), caused Cl-in imbalances in coniferous forest soil. Extensive microbial uptake and release of Cl-in occurred over short time scales, and were probably associated with changes in environmental conditions. Up to 24% of the initially available Clin within pore water was retained by microbial uptake within a week in our experiments, but most of this Cl-in, was released to the pore water again within a month, probably associated with decreasing microbial populations. The natural formation of Clorg resulted in a net immobilization of 4% of the initial pore water Clin over four months. If this rate is representative for the area where soil was collected, Clorg formation would correspond to a conversion of 25% of the yearly wet deposition of Cl-in. The study illustrates the potential of two Clin retaining processes in addition to those previously addressed elsewhere (e.g. uptake of chloride by vegetation). Hence, several processes operating at different time scales and with different regulation mechanisms can cause Clin imbalances in soil. Altogether, the results of the present study (1) provide evidence that Cl-in cannot be assumed to be inert in soil, (2) show that microbial exchange can regulate pore water Cl-in, concentrations and (3) confirm the controversial idea of substantial natural chlorination of soil organic matter.
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| 8. |
- Bech-Hanssen, Odd, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of complex flow patterns in the ascending aorta in patients with aortic regurgitation using conventional phase-contrast velocity MRI.
- 2018
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Ingår i: The international journal of cardiovascular imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1875-8312 .- 1569-5794 .- 1573-0743. ; 34:3, s. 419-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ascending aorta (AA) flow displacement (FD) is a surrogate for increased wall shear stress. We prospectively studied the flow profile in the AA in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR), to identify predictors of FD and investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phase-contrast flow rate curves (PC-FRC) contain quantitative information related to FD. Forty patients with chronic moderate (n=14) or severe (n=26) AR (21 (53%) with bicuspid aortic valve) and 22 controls were investigated. FD was determined from phase-contrast velocity profiles and defined as the distance between the center of the lumen and the "center of velocity" of the peak systolic forward flow or the peak diastolic negative flow, normalized to the lumen radius. Forward and backward volume flow was determined separately for systole and diastole. Seventy percent had systolic backward flow and 45% had diastolic forward flow in large areas of the vessel. AA dimension was an independent predictor of systolic FD while AA dimension and regurgitant volume were independent predictors of diastolic FD. Valve phenotype was not an independent predictor of systolic or diastolic FD. The linear relationships between systolic backward flow and systolic FD and diastolic forward flow and diastolic FD were strong (R=0.77 and R=0.76 respectively). Systolic backward flow and diastolic forward flow identified marked systolic and diastolic FD (≥0.35) with a positive likelihood ratio of 6.0 and 10.8, respectively. In conclusion, conventional PC-FRC data can detect and quantify FD in patients with AR suggesting the curves as a research and screening tool in larger patient populations.
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| 9. |
- Bech-Hanssen, Odd, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Pulsed-Wave Doppler Recordings in the Proximal Descending Aorta in Patients with Chronic Aortic Regurgitation: Insights from Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0894-7317. ; 31:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pulsed-wave Doppler recording in the descending aorta (PWD DAO ) is one of the parameters used in grading aortic regurgitation (AR) severity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the assessment of chronic AR by PWD DAO with insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Methods: This prospective study comprised 40 patients investigated with echocardiography and CMR within 4 hours either prior to valve surgery (n = 23) or as part of their follow-up (n = 17) due to moderate or severe AR. End-diastolic flow velocity (EDFV) and the diastolic velocity time integral (dVTI) were measured. The appearance of diastolic forward flow (DFF) was noted. Phase-contrast flow rate curves were obtained in the DAO. Results: Twenty-five patients had severe and eight had moderate AR by echocardiography (seven were indeterminate). The EDFV was below the recommended threshold ( > 20 cm/sec) in 13 patients (52%) with severe AR. Lowering the EDFV threshold ( > 13 cm/sec) and with a dVTI threshold > 13 cm showed negative likelihood ratios of 0.27 and 0.09, respectively. Detection of DFF with PWD DAO identified a nonuniform velocity profile by CMR with positive and negative likelihood ratios of 7.0 and 0.19, respectively. The relation between EDFV and DAO regurgitant volume (DAO-RVol CMR ) was strong in patients without (R = 0.88) and weak in patients with DFF (R = 0.49). The DAO-RVol CMR as a percent of the total RVol CMR decreased with increasing ascending aorta (AAO) size and increased with increasing AR severity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PWD DAO provides semiquantitative parameters useful to assess chronic AR severity. The limitations are related to nonuniform velocity contour and variable degree of lower body contribution, which depends on AR severity but also on the AAO size.
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| 10. |
- Bergman, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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No germline mutations in supposed tumour suppressor genes SAFB1 and SAFB2 in familial breast cancer with linkage to 19p.
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2350. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The scaffold attachment factor B1 and B2 genes, SAFB1/SAFB2 (both located on chromosome 19p13.3) have recently been suggested as tumour suppressor genes involved in breast cancer development. The assumption was based on functional properties of the two genes and loss of heterozygosity of intragenic markers in breast tumours further strengthened the postulated hypothesis. In addition, linkage studies in Swedish breast cancer families also indicate the presence of a susceptibility gene for breast cancer at the 19p locus. Somatic mutations in SAFB1/SAFB2 have been detected in breast tumours, but to our knowledge no studies on germline mutations have been reported. In this study we investigated the possible involvement of SAFB1/SAFB2 on familiar breast cancer by inherited mutations in either of the two genes.RESULTS: Mutation analysis in families showing linkage to the SAFB1/2 locus was performed by DNA sequencing. The complete coding sequence of the two genes SAFB1 and SAFB2 was analyzed in germline DNA from 31 affected women. No missense or frameshift mutations were detected. One polymorphism was found in SAFB1 and eight polymorphisms were detected in SAFB2. MLPA-anlysis showed that both alleles of the two genes were preserved which excludes gene inactivation by large deletions.CONCLUSION: SAFB1 and SAFB2 are not likely to be causative of the hereditary breast cancer syndrome in west Swedish breast cancer families.
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