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- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Aurand, Bastian, et al.
(författare)
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A setup for studies of laser-driven proton acceleration at the Lund Laser Centre
- 2015
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Ingår i: Laser and Particle Beams. - 0263-0346. ; 33:1, s. 59-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a setup for the investigation of proton acceleration in the regime of target normal sheath acceleration. The main interest here is to focus on stable laser beam parameters as well as a reliable target setup and diagnostics in order to do extensive and systematic studies on the acceleration mechanism. A motorized target alignment system in combination with large target mounts allows for up to 340 shots with high repetition rate without breaking the vacuum. This performance is used to conduct experiments with a split mirror setup exploring the effect of spatial and temporal separation between the pulses on the acceleration mechanism and on the resulting proton beam.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson Olsson, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Amoebae and algae can prolong the survival of Campylobacter species in co-culture
- 2010
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Ingår i: Experimental parasitology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4894 .- 1090-2449. ; 126:1, s. 59-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several species of free-living amoebae can cause disease in humans. However, in addition to the direct pathogenicity of e.g. Acanthamoebae and Naegleria species, they are recognized as environmental hosts, indirectly involved in the epidemiology of many pathogenic bacteria. Although several studies have demonstrated intracellular survival of many different bacteria in these species, the extent of such interactions as well as the implications for the epidemiology of the bacterial species involved, are largely unknown and probably underestimated. In this study, we evaluated eight different unicellular eukaryotic organisms, for their potential to serve as environmental hosts for Campylobacter species. These organisms include four amoebozoas (Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba rhysodes and Hartmanella vermiformis), one alveolate (Tetrahymena pyriformis), one stramenopile (Dinobryon sertularia), one eugoenozoa (Euglena gracilis) and one heterolobosea (Naegleria americana). Campylobacter spp. including Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the western world. Survival and replication of these three species as well as Campylobacter hyointestinalis were assessed in co-cultures with the eukaryotic organisms. Campylobacter spp. generally survived longer in co-cultures, compared to when incubated in the corresponding growth media. The eukaryotic species that best promoted bacterial survival was the golden algae D. sertularia. Three species of amoebozoas, of the genus Acanthamoeba promoted both prolonged survival and replication of Campylobacter spp. The high abundance in lakes, ponds and water distribution networks of these organisms indicate that they might have a role in the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis, possibly contributing to survival and dissemination of these intestinal pathogens to humans and other animals. The results suggest that not only C. jejuni, but a variety of Campylobacter spp. can interact with different eukaryotic unicellular organisms.
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| 5. |
- Axelsson Olsson, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Campylobacter jejuni acid tolerance increases when co-incubated with amoebae
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although Campylobacter jejuni is a frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, one of the enigmas is how thisfragile organism can survive the transit through the acid milieu of the stomach. C. jejuni is very sensitive to low pH, but cansurvive in moderately acid environment for short periods of time. We have previously shown that C. jejuni can colonize andeven replicate in different species of amoebas, thereby gaining protection from adverse environments.Objectives: We evaluated the effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl) on C. jejuni at various pH and time intervals, to study whetherco-cultivation with amoeba influenced C.jejuni acid tolerance. The setup was chosen to mimic the acidified milieu of the humangastrointestinal tract.Methods: Cultures of C. jejuni (CCUG 11284) were co-cultured with Acanthamoeba polyphaga in either PBS or tap wateracidified with HCl to pH 1, 2, 3 and 4. We also evaluated different treatments effect on campylobacter survival, by exposingsome bacterial samples to an acid shock and some to a slower acidification process.Results and conclusions: We show that C. jejuni can withstand pH below the normal range of survival, when co-cultured withA. polyphaga. C. jejuni co-cultured with amoebae survived acidified conditions at pH 3 for 20 hours and pH 2 for approximately5 hours. We also found a pH increase during the experiment, which correlated with campylobacter survival. These results pointto an unknown mechanism for C.jejuni to survive at low pH levels. This could be in the form of excretion of pH-increasingsubstances and simultaneous chemotaxic orientation towards a protective host. Our results could give one possible explanationto C. jejuni survival through the low pH of the gastrointestinal tract.
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| 6. |
- Axelsson Olsson, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in Acid Tolerance of Campylobacter jejuni through Coincubation with Amoebae
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 76:13, s. 4194-4200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Campylobacter jejuni is a recognized and common gastrointestinal pathogen in most parts of the world. Human infections are often food borne, and the bacterium is frequent among poultry and other food animals. However, much less is known about the epidemiology of C. jejuni in the environment and what mechanisms the bacterium depends on to tolerate low pH. The sensitive nature of C. jejuni stands in contrast to the fact that it is difficult to eradicate from poultry production, and even more contradictory is the fact that the bacterium is able to survive the acidic passage through the human stomach. Here we expand the knowledge on C. jejuni acid tolerance by looking at protozoa as a potential epidemiological pathway of infection. Our results showed that when C. jejuni cells were coincubated with Acanthamoeba polyphaga in acidified phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or tap water, the bacteria could tolerate pHs far below those in their normal range, even surviving at pH 4 for 20 h and at pH 2 for 5 h. Interestingly, moderately acidic conditions (pH 4 and 5) were shown to trigger C. jejuni motility as well as to increase adhesion/internalization of bacteria into A. polyphaga. Taken together, the results suggest that protozoa may act as protective hosts against harsh conditions and might be a potential risk factor for C. jejuni infections. These findings may be important for our understanding of C. jejuni passage through the gastrointestinal tract and for hygiene practices used in poultry settings.
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| 9. |
- Björnsson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Förbehandling av lignocellulosarika råvaror vid biogasproduktion - Nyckelaspekter vid jämförande utvärdering
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I biogassektorn finns ett ökande behov av och en ökande konkurrens om råvaror, och intresset för användning av odlingsrester, vall, mellangrödor mm som biogasråvara ökar. Gemensamt för dessa råvaror är att de är fiberrika, dvs. har ett högt innehåll av lignocellulosa, vilket gör att det är osannolikt att de skulle användas för biogasproduktion utan förbehandling. Ett antal förbehandlingstekniker har introducerats på marknaden under senare år, och både företagsdrivna projekt och forskningsprojekt kring utvärdering av en eller flera förbehandlingstekniker pågår. Utvärderingarna läggs dock upp med olika utgångspunkter och metoder så att utkomster från olika projekt blir omöjliga att jämföra. Att utreda frågan om hur man utvärderar och jämför olika förbehandlingsmetoder ur teknik-, ekonomi-, energi- och miljöperspektiv är därför angeläget. Syftet med denna förstudie är att peka ut nyckelaspekter som är viktiga för att möjliggöra jämförande utvärdering av olika förbehandlingsmetoder samt att inspirera aktörer till att vilja medverka till att ta ett samlat grepp i frågan. Ett förslag till upplägg för vidare forskning, utveckling och demonstration presenteras. Arbetet med förstudien har finansierats genom Energimyndigheten.
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