| 1. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 2. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
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| 3. |
- Fantini, R, et al.
(författare)
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EU FP7 INFSO-ICT-317669 METIS, D3.2 First performance results for multi-node/multi-antenna transmission technologies
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This deliverable describes the current results of the multi-node/multi-antenna technologies investigated within METIS and analyses the interactions within and outside Work Package 3. Furthermore, it identifies the most promising technologies based on the current state of obtained results. This document provides a brief overview of the results in its first part. The second part, namely the Appendix, further details the results, describes the simulation alignment efforts conducted in the Work Package and the interaction of the Test Cases. The results described here show that the investigations conducted in Work Package 3 are maturing resulting in valuable innovative solutions for future 5G systems.
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| 4. |
- Syväjärvi, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Cubic silicon carbide as a potential photovoltaic material
- 2016
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 145, s. 104-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present a significant advancement in cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) growth in terms of crystal quality and domain size, and indicate its potential use in photovoltaics. To date, the use of 3C-SiC for photovoltaics has not been considered due to the band gap of 2.3 eV being too large for conventional solar cells. Doping of 3C-SiC with boron introduces an energy level of 0.7 eV above the valence band. Such energy level may form an intermediate band (IB) in the band gap. This IB concept has been presented in the literature to act as an energy ladder that allows absorption of sub-bandgap photons to generate extra electron-hole pairs and increase the efficiency of a solar cell. The main challenge with this concept is to find a materials system that could realize such efficient photovoltaic behavior. The 3C-SiC bandgap and boron energy level fits nicely into the concept, but has not been explored for an IB behavior. For a long time crystalline 3C-SiC has been challenging to grow due to its metastable nature. The material mainly consists of a large number of small domains if the 3C polytype is maintained. In our work a crystal growth process was realized by a new approach that is a combination of initial nucleation and step-flow growth. In the process, the domains that form initially extend laterally to make larger 3C-SiC domains, thus leading to a pronounced improvement in crystalline quality of 3C-SiC. In order to explore the feasibility of IB in 3C-SiC using boron, we have explored two routes of introducing boron impurities; ion implantation on un-doped samples and epitaxial growth on un-doped samples using pre-doped source material. The results show that 3C-SiC doped with boron is an optically active material, and thus is interesting to be further studied for IB behavior. For the ion implanted samples the crystal quality was maintained even after high implantation doses and subsequent annealing. The same was true for the samples grown with pre-doped source material, even with a high concentration of boron impurities. We present optical emission and absorption properties of as-grown and boron implanted 3C-SiC. The low-temperature photoluminescence spectra indicate the formation of optically active deep boron centers, which may be utilized for achieving an IB behavior at sufficiently high dopant concentrations. We also discuss the potential of boron doped 3C-SiC base material in a broader range of applications, such as in photovoltaics, biomarkers and hydrogen generation by splitting water.
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| 5. |
- Carvalho, E. de, et al.
(författare)
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EU FP7 INFSO-ICT-317669 METIS, D3.1 Positioning of multi-node/multi-antenna technologies
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document describes the research activity in multi-node/multi-antenna technologies within METIS and positions it with respect to the state-of-the-art in the academic literature and in the standardization bodies. Based on the state-of-the-art and as well as on the METIS objectives,we set the research objectives and we group the different activities (or technology components) into research clusters with similar research objectives. The technologycomponents and the research objectives have been set to achieve an ambidextrous purpose. On one side we aim at providing the METIS system with those technological components that are a natural but non-trivial evolution of 4G. On the other side, we aim at seeking for disruptivetechnologies that could radically change 5G with respect to 4G. Moreover, we mapped the different technology components to METIS’ other activities and to the overall goals of theproject.
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| 6. |
- Galeckas, A., et al.
(författare)
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Optical and microstructural investigation of heavy B-doping effects in sublimation-grown 3C-SiC
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum. - : Trans Tech Publications Ltd. - 9783035711455 ; , s. 221-224
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a complementary microstructural and optical approach is used to define processing conditions favorable for the formation of deep boron-related acceptor centers that may provide a pathway for achieving an intermediate band behavior in highly B-doped 3C-SiC. The crystallinity, boron solubility and precipitation mechanisms in sublimation-grown 3C-SiC crystals implanted to 1-3 at.% B concentrations were investigated by STEM. The revealed defect formation and boron precipitation trends upon thermal treatment in the range 1100-2000oC have been crosscorrelated with the optical characterization results provided by imaging PL spectroscopy. We discuss optical activity of the implanted B ions in terms of both shallow acceptors and deep D-centers, a complex formed by a boron atom and a carbon vacancy, and associate the observed spectral developments upon annealing with the strong temperature dependence of the D-center formation efficiency, which is further enhanced by the presence of implantation-induced defects. © 2018 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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| 7. |
- Sellgren, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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GRK3 deficiency elicits brain immune activation and psychosis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26, s. 6820-6832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family member protein GRK3 has been linked to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Expression, as well as protein levels, of GRK3 are reduced in post-mortem prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects. Here, we investigate functional behavior and neurotransmission related to immune activation and psychosis using mice lacking functional Grk3 and utilizing a variety of methods, including behavioral, biochemical, electrophysiological, molecular, and imaging methods. Compared to wildtype controls, the Grk3(-/-) mice show a number of aberrations linked to psychosis, including elevated brain levels of IL-1 beta, increased turnover of kynurenic acid (KYNA), hyper-responsiveness to D-amphetamine, elevated spontaneous firing of midbrain dopamine neurons, and disruption in prepulse inhibition. Analyzing human genetic data, we observe a link between psychotic features in bipolar disorder, decreased GRK expression, and increased concentration of CSF KYNA. Taken together, our data suggest that Grk3(-/-) mice show face and construct validity relating to the psychosis phenotype with glial activation and would be suitable for translational studies of novel immunomodulatory agents in psychotic disorders.
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| 8. |
- Dedering, Asa, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Neck-Specific Training Versus Prescribed Physical Activity on Pain and Disability in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0003-9993 .- 1532-821X. ; 99:12, s. 2447-2456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare the effects of a neck-specific training program to prescribed physical activity with both groups receiving a cognitive behavioral approach, on pain and disability in patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR). Design: Parallel-group randomized clinical trial with follow-up at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Setting: Recruitment and assessments of participants were performed at a university hospital. Interventions were performed in primary care setting at outpatient physiotherapy clinics. Participants: Patients (N=144) with CR were recruited to participate in this clinical trial. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to 3 months of either of a neck-specific training program or prescribed physical activity. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes included self-rated neck and arm pain as collected by the visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were self-rated headache measured with the VAS, the Neck Disability Index, the EuroQol 5D, the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Assessments were performed at baseline and at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up periods. Results: Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses showed no significant interaction (group x time) or group effects. There were, however, significant time effects indicating improvement over time for both groups for all outcomes except for levels of depression. Conclusions: The study revealed that neck-specific training as well as prescribed physical activity both including additional cognitive behavioral approach decreased the pain in patients with CR, that is, participants improved regardless of the intervention received. There is a lack of consensus of how to best manage individuals with CR. However, our findings suggest that CR has a natural favorable long-term outcome when patients are prescribed neck-specific training and exercise in combination with a behavioral approach. (C) 2018 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lilja, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of HbA1c in patients with type 1 diabetes in seven Swedish county councils
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 58:Suppl. 1 Abstr. 278, s. S140-S141
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aims: In order to make fair comparisons between the results of different health care providers, proper consideration of the casemix of the populations they serve is important. HbA1c is often used as a metric to indicate the quality of diabetes care, it is therefore of value to determine what patient characteristics affect this outcome. As part of the ongoing National Collaboration for Value Based Reimbursement and Monitoring Systems, we therefore set out to investigate what factors are associated with HbA1c in a large retrospective cohort of persons with type 1 diabetes.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective register study where we analyzed persons 18 years or older, with a health care contact and a diagnosis of diabetes during 2010-11 in the administrative systems of seven Swedish county councils (Dalarna, Jämtland Härjedalen, Skåne, Stockholm, Uppsala, Västra Götaland and Östergötland), covering ~70% of the Swedish population and linked this data to data from the National Diabetes Register, socioeconomic data from Statistics Sweden and data on filled prescriptions from the Prescribed Drug Register. We estimated a random effect model on HbA1c after one year of follow-up, including socioeconomic, demographic and clinical factors.Results: Based on a complete case approach, 13 396 patients were analyzed. Women had on average higher HbA1c than men. Blood sugar control seemed to be better with higher age. Of the socioeconomic factors, higher education was associated with lower levels of HbA1c, as was being married. By contrast, we found no association between HbA1c and being born outside the EU.Ahistory (previous 2 years) of diabetes related complications were associated with higher levels of HbA1c, which is likely due to high levels of HbA1c being an indicator of what is causing the complications in the first place. The exception to this pattern was patients with renal failure.Conclusion: Apart from obvious demographic factors such as age and gender as well as disease history, educational and civil status are important factors to take into consideration when comparing obtained HbA1c levels between health care providers. This also raises the question of the need for additional focus on education directed towards these groups to facilitate improved diabetes management.
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