| 1. |
- Barker-Ruchti, Natalie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Don't buy a pig in a poke: Considering challenges of and problems with performance analysis technologies in Swedish men's elite football
- 2021
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Ingår i: Performance Enhancement and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2669. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decades, technologies to monitor, test and analyze athletes’ performance and health have rapidly developed. At present, global positioning systems (GPS), stadium camcorders, heart rate monitors and mobile applications are prominent performance analysis technologies (PATs) used in most elite sport environments. While PATs is understood as an aid, there is a growing body of literature that points to negative consequences. These negative consequences are concerning and call for research and measures to develop strategies for effective and productive implementation. To achieve this, this article first outlines key challenges and problems of PATs, using sport sociological research on coaching and athletes, historical knowledge of the scientization of training and the changing role of the coach, as well as scientific and experiential knowledge of performance analysis. Our findings show that key challenges and problems occur in a chain of six steps that concern the implementing of PATs: 1. Investment in PATs; 2. Production of performance data; 3. Interpretation of performance data; 4. Communication of performance data; 5. Decision-making based on performance data; and 6. Influence of PATs on coaches and athletes. The article then answers these challenges and problems by outlining recommendations for how sport managers and administrators can prevent buying “a pig in a poke” by acquiring competence about performance analysis and PATs, investing time, and developing effective communication between those working with PATs. © 2021 The Author(s)
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| 2. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
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| 3. |
- Hahn, Robert G., et al.
(författare)
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Kinetics of crystalloid fluid in hyperglycemia; an open-label exploratory clinical trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : WILEY. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 64:8, s. 1177-1186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Infusion with 0.9% saline is a mainstay in the treatment of severe hyperglycemia, but the kinetics of the saline volume in this setting has not been studied. Methods An intravenous infusion of 1 L of 0.9% saline over 30 minutes was given on 31 occasions to 17 patients with hyperglycemia due to poorly controlled diabetes (mean age 51 years). A two-volume kinetic model was fitted to serial data on the hemodilution and urinary excretion, using mixed-effects modeling software. Results Plasma glucose was 36 +/- 9 mmol/L on arrival to the hospital. The central volume of distribution (the plasma) was only 2.38 L (mean; 95% confidence interval 1.73-3.04) on the day of admission. Uptake into a remote compartment, believed to be the cells, amounted to 300 mL of the first liter of saline, although only small amounts of insulin were given. Plasma glucose, plasma bicarbonate, urine glucose, and plasma creatinine served as covariates in the kinetic model and mathematically affected the urinary excretion. For example, elimination of the infused fluid tripled from an increase in plasma glucose from 5 to 35 mmol/L and doubled from a reduction in plasma bicarbonate from 24 to 5 mmol/L. Conclusions The excretion of 0.9% saline was increased depending on the degree of hyperglycemia. The kinetics was characterized by glucose-accelerated diuresis, and an intracellular uptake that occurred at two thirds the urine flow rate. These data could help to determine appropriate volumes and rates of infusion of crystalloids in hyperglycemia.
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| 4. |
- Kliger, Robert, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Vibration response of long cable-stayed timber footbridge – case study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of International Conference on Timber Bridges 2013- Las Vegas, Nevada USA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timber footbridges with a span larger than 30 meters are sensitive to vibrations and dynamic factors must therefore be taken into considerations in the design. A case study of a cable-stayed footbridge, Älvsbacka Bridge, with a free span of 130 meters, is presented. The dynamic design of the bridge is compared, based on the old Swedish code, BRO 2004 and the Eurocode 5. Simplified force models presented in BRO 2004 and the ISO 10137 international standard are compared. Vertical and lateral accelerations are measured on the bridge with accelerometers attached to the bridge deck. According to the simplified force model, the vertical acceleration limit was met for a group of twenty pedestrians, which was regarded as a reasonable design situation. From the measured accelerations, the damping factor was calculated as 1.2% of critical damping, which is twice the value used in design.
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| 5. |
- Litjens, Carlijn H. C., et al.
(författare)
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Protein binding of rifampicin is not saturated when using high-dose rifampicin
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0305-7453 .- 1460-2091. ; 74:4, s. 986-990
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Higher doses of rifampicin are being investigated as a means to optimize response to this pivotal TB drug. It is unknown whether high-dose rifampicin results in saturation of plasma protein binding and a relative increase in protein-unbound (active) drug concentrations. Objectives To assess the free fraction of rifampicin based on an in vitro experiment and data from a clinical trial on high-dose rifampicin. Methods Protein-unbound rifampicin concentrations were measured in human serum spiked with increasing total concentrations (up to 64mg/L) of rifampicin and in samples obtained by intensive pharmacokinetic sampling of patients who used standard (10mg/kg daily) or high-dose (35mg/kg) rifampicin up to steady-state. The performance of total AUC(0-24) to predict unbound AUC(0-24) was evaluated. Results The in vitro free fraction of rifampicin remained unaltered (approximate to 9%) up to 21mg/L and increased up to 13% at 41mg/L and 17% at 64mg/L rifampicin. The highest (peak) concentration in vivo was 39.1mg/L (high-dose group). The arithmetic mean percentage unbound to total AUC(0-24)in vivo was 13.3% (range=8.1%-24.9%) and 11.1% (range=8.6%-13.6%) for the standard group and the high-dose group, respectively (P=0.214). Prediction of unbound AUC(0-24) based on total AUC(0-24) resulted in a bias of -0.05% and an imprecision of 13.2%. Conclusions Plasma protein binding of rifampicin can become saturated, but exposures after high-dose rifampicin are not high enough to increase the free fraction in TB patients with normal albumin values. Unbound rifampicin exposures can be predicted from total exposures, even in the higher dose range.
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| 6. |
- Saux, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning-based calculator for predicting 5-year weight trajectories after bariatric surgery: a multinational retrospective cohort SOPHIA study.
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet. Digital health. - 2589-7500. ; 5:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weight loss trajectories after bariatric surgery vary widely between individuals, and predicting weight loss before the operation remains challenging. We aimed to develop a model using machine learning to provide individual preoperative prediction of 5-year weight loss trajectories after surgery.In this multinational retrospective observational study we enrolled adult participants (aged ≥18 years) from ten prospective cohorts (including ABOS [NCT01129297], BAREVAL [NCT02310178], the Swedish Obese Subjects study, and a large cohort from the Dutch Obesity Clinic [Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek]) and two randomised trials (SleevePass [NCT00793143] and SM-BOSS [NCT00356213]) in Europe, the Americas, and Asia, with a 5 year follow-up after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or gastric band. Patients with a previous history of bariatric surgery or large delays between scheduled and actual visits were excluded. The training cohort comprised patients from two centres in France (ABOS and BAREVAL). The primary outcome was BMI at 5 years. A model was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to select variables and the classification and regression trees algorithm to build interpretable regression trees. The performances of the model were assessed through the median absolute deviation (MAD) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of BMI.10231 patients from 12 centres in ten countries were included in the analysis, corresponding to 30602 patient-years. Among participants in all 12 cohorts, 7701 (75·3%) were female, 2530 (24·7%) were male. Among 434 baseline attributes available in the training cohort, seven variables were selected: height, weight, intervention type, age, diabetes status, diabetes duration, and smoking status. At 5 years, across external testing cohorts the overall mean MAD BMI was 2·8 kg/m2 (95% CI 2·6-3·0) and mean RMSE BMI was 4·7 kg/m2 (4·4-5·0), and the mean difference between predicted and observed BMI was -0·3 kg/m2 (SD 4·7). This model is incorporated in an easy to use and interpretable web-based prediction tool to help inform clinical decision before surgery.We developed a machine learning-based model, which is internationally validated, for predicting individual 5-year weight loss trajectories after three common bariatric interventions.SOPHIA Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking, supported by the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations, Type 1 Diabetes Exchange, and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and Obesity Action Coalition; Métropole Européenne de Lille; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique through the Artificial Intelligence chair Apprenf; Université de Lille Nord Europe's I-SITE EXPAND as part of the Bandits For Health project; Laboratoire d'excellence European Genomic Institute for Diabetes; Soutien aux Travaux Interdisciplinaires, Multi-établissements et Exploratoires programme by Conseil Régional Hauts-de-France (volet partenarial phase 2, project PERSO-SURG).
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| 7. |
- Svensson, Daniel, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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'Science Says' : Swedish Sports Coaching and Science During the Twentieth Century
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Sports Coaching in Europe. - London : Routledge. - 9780367542689 - 9781003088448 ; , s. 56-75
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On 29 June 1958, Sweden played Brazil in the World Cup final in men’s football in Stockholm. Even though the Swedish team lost 5–2 the players were celebrated as heroes. However, the Swedish Football Association (SvFF) argued that players in Swedish clubs needed to train more and differently. What followed was a process of professionalization and scientization of Swedish coaching, a process that had begun a decade earlier in endurance sports. Soon, physiologists were involved with testing, evaluating and monitoring athletes, designing training setups, and even team selection. They used the latest scientific theories, technologies, and tests to make training and coaching less about experience and more about comparability and evidentiality. This ‘scientific turn’ in Swedish sports from the 1950s onwards was part of a larger rationalization of Swedish society in which science in general, particularly physiology, played a major role. It co-evolved with a growing participation by women and a reinterpretation of gender roles. We argue that, while traditionally based on experiential knowledge and personal experience, Swedish coaching went through a sportification process that made it more specialized, rationalized, and professionalized. In the end, it became an ideal to listen to what science says.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, Daniel, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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'Science Says' : Swedish Sports Coaching and Science During the Twentieth Century
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sports Coaching in Europe. - London : Routledge. - 9780367542689 - 9781003088448 ; , s. 56-75
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On 29 June 1958, Sweden played Brazil in the World Cup final in men’s football in Stockholm. Even though the Swedish team lost 5–2 the players were celebrated as heroes. However, the Swedish Football Association (SvFF) argued that players in Swedish clubs needed to train more and differently. What followed was a process of professionalization and scientization of Swedish coaching, a process that had begun a decade earlier in endurance sports. Soon, physiologists were involved with testing, evaluating and monitoring athletes, designing training setups, and even team selection. They used the latest scientific theories, technologies, and tests to make training and coaching less about experience and more about comparability and evidentiality. This ‘scientific turn’ in Swedish sports from the 1950s onwards was part of a larger rationalization of Swedish society in which science in general, particularly physiology, played a major role. It co-evolved with a growing participation by women and a reinterpretation of gender roles. We argue that, while traditionally based on experiential knowledge and personal experience, Swedish coaching went through a sportification process that made it more specialized, rationalized, and professionalized. In the end, it became an ideal to listen to what science says.
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| 9. |
- Svensson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-challenge : Implications of technology on sports coaching in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Svensk förening för beteende- och samhällsvetenskaplig idrottsforsknings (SVEBI) årliga konferens 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduktion/Introduction: Over the past century, we have seen technology and applied science contribute to increasing performance levels in sports (e.g. Haake 2009, Park 2011, Fouché 2017). While the use of technologies is part of a broader sportification process (e.g. Guttmann 1978, Svensson 2016, Svensson 2019), the types of technologies used has changed over time. At present, global positioning systems, microtechnology sensors and video- and computer-assisted performance analysis (PA) has gained prominence (Cummins et al. 2013, Rein & Memmert 2016). British football clubs have been driving the techno-scientific development, a development which is currently starting to establish itself in Sweden. The use of PA methods has been found to benefit training, performance, and safety (esp. injury prevention) and to create positive effects on coach-athlete relations and athlete learning and agency (Cronin et al. 2018, Kerr 2014). However, uses of PA technologies also have negative consequences for coaches and athletes. For instance, research demonstrates that PA technologies monitor athletes (Williams & Manley 2016); depend on effective communication between stakeholders (i.e., performance analyst and coach; coach and athlete) (Baerg 2017) and generate unrealistic training and performance expectations (Kohe & Purdy 2018). Despite these emerging insights, many research gaps exist. Knowledge on how governing bodies understand and implement PA and how PA affects the coaching process and practice are currently key questions that remain unanswered.Syfte och teoretisk ram/Aim and theoretical framework: We use historical sociology (e.g. Abrams 1982) to critically reflect over the development, use and consequences of PA methods in sport. Specifically, we (1) demonstrate that a number of historical, contextual, and situational factors indicate that PA is about to become implemented on a large scale in Sweden; and (2) critically reflect on what this upcoming change means. Our theoretical framework will consist of the sportification model (Guttmann 1978, Yttergren 1996, Svensson 2016, Svensson 2019) to historicize the increasing role of technology in elite sport and to predict its current and future role in Sweden.Metod/Method: The empirical material included in our presentation is taken from existing research on the sportification in Swedish elite sport (e.g. Andersson 2019, Svensson 2019, Svensson 2016a, Yttergren 1996), existing literature that documents the use and consequences of technologies in elite sport in the UK (e.g. Williams & Manley 2016, Cummins et. al 2013), and our own insider observations of the developments and current situation of PA in Sweden. To make sense of this material, the authors met on several occasions to discuss meanings and draw out implications for science, education, and practice. Resultat/ResultsThe interest for and impact of PA methods in Swedish elite sports coaching is growing. Scientific production has increased incredibly since 2015, courses and lectures on PA are popular among students, and more clubs are buying (into) these new technologies. Historical examples analyzed through the sportification model suggest that this development will accelerate. Despite the rising interest in techno-scientific PA, critical discussion is lacking about how potential risks (e.g. for personal integrity, coaching) can be managed. Diskussion och slutsatser/Discussion and conclusionsThe uses of new technology in PA has implications for elite sports in general and coaching in particular. Experiences from British football suggest that there are potential risks with uncritically adopting new technologies. We argue that these risks can be addressed through adopting a more reflective approach. One area where this could be done is within coach education.
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| 10. |
- Svensson, Daniel, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Tränaren och tekniken : Om teknologins växande roll i svensk elitfotboll
- 2020
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Ingår i: Idrottsforskaren. - Lund : Svensk Förening för Beteende- och Samhällsvetenskaplig Idrottsforskning (SVEBI). ; 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De senaste 100 åren har teknikens och vetenskapens betydelse för träning och tränarskap ökat lavinartat. Från att ha spelat en undanskymd roll under 1900-talets första hälft, har ny teknologi och nya forskningsrön, i syfte att förbättra prestationerna, blivit en central del av idrotten. Utvecklingen har kallats för en tekno-vetenskaplig revolution (Fouché, 2017). Det senaste decenniet har utvecklingen fortsatt och accelererat. Allt mer avancerad teknik används för att övervaka, utvärdera och optimera träningen i en rad sporter. Denna utveckling väcker frågor. Vad betyder den ökade användningen av avancerad teknik för coaching i praktiken? Vilka fördelar respektive risker kan uppstå och hur kan de hanteras? Dessa frågor är i fokus i ett pågående forskningsprojekt, som tittar närmare på användandet av teknik för att analysera idrottsliga prestationer inom svensk herrelitfotboll. Specifikt studerar vi teknikens roll för träningen i föreningarna i Allsvenskan.Genom att utrusta blivande tränare med verktyg för att själva hantera och värdera teknik i coachingen, kan många av de historiska misstagen (övertro på tekniska lösningar, oförmåga att kommunicera testresultat och andra värden på ett meningsfullt vis, etcetera) undvikas. Tekniken ger ökade möjligheter för tränare att mäta och i praktiken övervaka sina spelare. Detta ställer nya krav på etiska överväganden från både tränare och klubbar.
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