| 1. |
- Ahlm, Clas, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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High prevalence of hantavirus antibodies in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) captured in the vicinity of households afflicted with nephropathia epidemica.
- 1997
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Ingår i: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - 0002-9637 .- 1476-1645. ; 56:6, s. 674-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Puumala virus, the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), occurs endemically in Europe and is spread mainly by the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). In the vicinity of each of four households afflicted with NE, we studied rodents with regard to population density and prevalence of Puumala virus-specific antibodies. For each case area, a control area was randomly selected 10 km away, without regard to the presence of human settlement. During 6,000 trap nights, 328 rodents were caught, of which 299 were C. glareolus. The mean rodent densities of case and control areas were 6.6 and 3.7 animals per 100 trap nights (P < 0.001). The prevalence of serum antibodies was 15.9% in case areas compared with 5.6% in control areas (P < 0.05). In three of the case areas, where NE had occurred 3-10 weeks before trapping, the rodent density and seroprevalence were much higher than in the fourth area, where NE occurred 38 weeks before trapping. In conclusion, C. glareolus seropositive for Puumala virus occurred more frequently near households afflicted with NE than in control areas 10 km away.
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| 2. |
- Ahlm, Clas, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of antibodies specific to Puumala virus among farmers in Sweden
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 24:2, s. 104-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serological evidence confirmed that the exposure of humans to Puumala virus is firmly restricted to the northern and central parts of Sweden. In addition the evidence indicated that, in this region, farming is associated with an increased risk of contracting hantavirus infection.
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| 3. |
- Ahlm, Clas, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of serum antibodies to hantaviruses in northern Sweden as measured by recombinant nucleocapsid proteins.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 29:4, s. 349-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rN delta) (aa 1-117) of Hantaan, Seoul, Dobrava, Sin Nombre and Puumala hantaviruses was used to determine the prevalence of antibodies among randomized and stratified individuals from northern Sweden. In total, 137/1533 individuals (8.9%) had specific serum IgG antibodies to Puumala virus, the only hantavirus known to occur in the region. The prevalence of antibodies to Puumala virus (8.9%) was determined to be higher than previously reported (5.4%) in the same serum material, by use of immunofluorescence assay. As expected, sera reactive to Puumala virus rN delta did frequently cross-react with Sin Nombre virus protein. Unexpectedly, 21/1533 (1.4%) individuals recognized the Sin Nombre virus rN delta exclusively. Another 8 subjects showed reactivity in the ELISA to Hantaan, Seoul, or Dobrava virus-derived rN delta but not Puumala virus or Sin Nombre virus rN delta. The present demonstration in some individuals of antibodies specifically recognizing the Sin Nombre, Dobrava, Hantaan and Seoul virus protein justifies an awareness of the possibility that hantaviruses antigenically different from Puumala virus might occur in the region.
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| 4. |
- Ahlm, Clas, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Serologic evidence of Puumala virus infection in wild moose in northern Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - 0002-9637 .- 1476-1645. ; 62:1, s. 106-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Puumala (PUU) virus is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica, the Scandinavian form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The infection is acquired by airborne transmission of PUU virus from its rodent reservoir, the bank vole. Besides serologic data indicating that the virus may spread also to heterologous rodents, there is little information on the susceptibility of wild living animals to PUU virus. We studied the occurrence of antibodies to PUU virus in serum samples from 427 wild-living moose, of which 260 originated from the PUU virus-endemic northern and central parts of Sweden and 167 originated from the southern, nonendemic part of Sweden. Samples from 5 animals showed reactivity in an ELISA for recombinant PUU virus nucleocapsid protein, an immunofluorescent assay, and a neutralization test. These 5 animals all originated from the PUU virus-endemic northern part of Sweden. In conclusion, 5 of 260 moose from the endemic region showed convincing serologic evidence of past PUU virus infection. The seroprevalence was low, suggesting that the moose is subjected to endstage infection rather than being part of an enzootic transmission cycle.
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| 5. |
- Eneslätt, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Persistence of cell-mediated immunity three decades after vaccination with the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 41:4, s. 974-980
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficacy of many vaccines against intracellular bacteria depends on the generation of cell-mediated immunity, but studies to determine the duration of immunity are usually confounded by re-exposure. The causative agent of tularemia, Francisella tularensis, is rare in most areas and, therefore, tularemia vaccination is an interesting model for studies of the longevity of vaccine-induced cell-mediated immunity. Here, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in response to F. tularensis were assayed in two groups of 16 individuals, vaccinated 1-3 or 27-34 years previously. As compared to naïve individuals, vaccinees of both groups showed higher proliferative responses and, out of 17 cytokines assayed, higher levels of MIP-1β, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-5 in response to recall stimulation. The responses were very similar in the two groups of vaccinees. A statistical model was developed to predict the immune status of the individuals and by use of two parameters, proliferative responses and levels of IFN-γ, 91.1% of the individuals were correctly classified. Using flow cytometry analysis, we demonstrated that during recall stimulation, expression of IFN-γ by CD4(+) CCR7(+) , CD4(+) CD62L(+) , CD8(+) CCR7(+) , and CD8(+) CD62L(+) cells significantly increased in samples from vaccinated donors. In conclusion, cell-mediated immunity was found to persist three decades after tularemia vaccination without evidence of decline.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kroca, Michal, et al.
(författare)
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Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in human legionellosis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology. - 1071-412X. ; 8, s. 949-954
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Linderholm, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptors, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 173:1, s. 38-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma levels of cytokines were measured by EIA in 15 subjects hospitalized with nephropathia epidemica, a European form of hantavirus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 were increased in all patients at admission, and the concentration of IL-10 was increased in most. TNF-alpha concentrations were still increased 1 week after onset of disease; levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were normalized. TNF-alpha was undetectable by the WEHI cell assay in serum samples obtained throughout the acute phase of disease. Serum levels of the two soluble TNF receptors p55 and p75 correlated with levels of the cytokine, indicating that receptor binding may be the reason for lack of bioactivity in vitro. TNF-alpha is known to induce pathophysiologic and clinical changes similar to those seen in nephropathia epidemica and in diseases caused by other hantaviruses.
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