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| 2. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 3. |
- Holmgren, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Design i Småland
- 2010
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Ingår i: Gnosjöandan i ny riktning. - Jönköping : EIDI. - 9789197919319 ; , s. 57-80
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Kapitlet behandlar designbegreppet ur flera perspektiv. Inledningsvis diskuteras och betonas betydelsen av att olika aktörer reflekterar över och förhåller sig till design. Industridesign beskrivs därefter som resurs och omistlig process i skapande och uttryck av enskilda produkters identitet. I Småland pågår ett stort antal verksamheter relaterade till design. Flera större insatser sker, som t.ex. projektet ”Designregion Småland”, samarbetet inom ”Möbelriket”, det sedan länge etablerade ”Glasriket” samt nytillskottet Design- och konstcentrum ”Vandalorum”. Samtidigt genomförs ett flertal komplet-terande, men inte mindre viktiga, aktiviteter i syfte att bl.a. öka besöksnäringens koppling till design i Gnosjöregionen och Småland (se de initiativ som tagits i t.ex. Värnamo kommun kring ”Designers Saturday”). Ytterligare ett exempel på en aktivitet som kontinuerligt bidrar till att belysa betydelsen av design, och som samtidigt förankrar begreppet i Småland är de utbildningar som sker, i de flesta fall i nära samverkan med näringslivet. Design har således redan en nära koppling till Småland, dess innevånare och näringsliv, men det är viktigt att utveckla och förvalta ett förhållningssätt till begreppet i området för att vi skall kunna dra nytta av rent ekonomiska, såväl som en rad ”mjuka” fördelar som är förknippade med design.
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| 4. |
- Lind, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Antibody Affinity Against 2009 A/H1N1 Influenza and Pandemrix Vaccine Nucleoproteins Differs Between Childhood Narcolepsy Patients and Controls
- 2017
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Ingår i: Viral immunology. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0882-8245 .- 1557-8976. ; 30:8, s. 590-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased narcolepsy incidence was observed in Sweden following the 2009 influenza vaccination with Pandemrix((R)). A substitution of the 2009 nucleoprotein for the 1934 variant has been implicated in narcolepsy development. The aims were to determine (a) antibody levels toward wild-type A/H1N1-2009[A/California/04/2009(H1N1)] (NP-CA2009) and Pandemrix-[A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)] (NP-PR1934) nucleoproteins in 43 patients and 64 age-matched controls; (b) antibody affinity in reciprocal competitive assays in 11 childhood narcolepsy patients compared with 21 age-matched controls; and (c) antibody levels toward wild-type A/H1N1-2009[A/California/04/2009(H1N1)] (H1N1 NS1), not a component of the Pandemrix vaccine. In vitro transcribed and translated S-35-methionine-labeled H1N1 influenza A virus proteins were used in radiobinding reciprocal competition assays to estimate antibody levels and affinity (Kd). Childhood patients had higher NP-CA2009 (p=0.0339) and NP-PR1934 (p=0.0246) antibody levels compared with age-matched controls. These childhood controls had lower NP-CA2009 (p=0.0221) and NP-PR1934 (p=0.00619) antibodies compared with controls 13 years or older. In contrast, in patients 13 years or older, the levels of NP-PR1934 (p=0.279) and NP-CA2009 (p=0.0644) antibodies did not differ from the older controls. Childhood antibody affinity (Kd) against NP-CA2009 was comparable between controls (68ng/mL) and patients (74ng/mL; p=0.21) with NP-CA2009 and NP-PR1934 displacement (controls: 165ng/mL; patients: 199ng/mL; p=0.48). In contrast, antibody affinity against NP-PR1934 was higher in controls with either NP-PR1934 (controls: 9ng/mL; patients: 20ng/mL; p=0.0031) or NP-CA2009 (controls: 14ng/mL; patients: 23ng/mL; p=0.0048). A/H1N1-NS1 antibodies were detected in 0/43 of the narcolepsy patients compared with 3/64 (4.7%) controls (p=0.272). Similarly, none (0/11) of the childhood patients and 1/21 (4.8%) of the childhood controls had A/H1N1-NS1 antibodies. The higher antibody affinities against NP-PR1934 in controls suggest better protection against wild-type virus. In contrast, the reduced NP-PR1934 antibody affinities among childhood narcolepsy patients suggest poor protection from the wild-type A/H1N1 virus and possibly increased risk for viral damage.
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| 5. |
- Lind, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood screening for type 1 diabetes comparing automated multiplex Antibody Detection by Agglutination-PCR (ADAP) with single plex islet autoantibody radiobinding assays
- 2024
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTwo or more autoantibodies against either insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) or zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) denote stage 1 (normoglycemia) or stage 2 (dysglycemia) type 1 diabetes prior to stage 3 type 1 diabetes. Automated multiplex Antibody Detection by Agglutination-PCR (ADAP) assays in two laboratories were compared to single plex radiobinding assays (RBA) to define threshold levels for diagnostic specificity and sensitivity.MethodsIAA, GADA, IA-2A and ZnT8A were analysed in 1504 (54% females) population based controls (PBC), 456 (55% females) doctor's office controls (DOC) and 535 (41% females) blood donor controls (BDC) as well as in 2300 (48% females) patients newly diagnosed (1–10 years of age) with stage 3 type 1 diabetes. The thresholds for autoantibody positivity were computed in 100 10-fold cross-validations to separate patients from controls either by maximizing the χ2-statistics (chisq) or using the 98th percentile of specificity (Spec98). Mean and 95% CI for threshold, sensitivity and specificity are presented.FindingsThe ADAP ROC curves of the four autoantibodies showed comparable AUC in the two ADAP laboratories and were higher than RBA. Detection of two or more autoantibodies using chisq showed 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) sensitivity and 0.94 (0.91, 0.97) specificity in ADAP compared to 0.90 (0.88, 0.95) sensitivity and 0.97 (0.94, 0.98) specificity in RBA. Using Spec98, ADAP showed 0.92 (0.89, 0.95) sensitivity and 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) specificity compared to 0.89 (0.77, 0.86) sensitivity and 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) specificity in the RBA. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were higher in PBC compared to DOC and BDC.InterpretationADAP was comparable in two laboratories, both comparable to or better than RBA, to define threshold levels for two or more autoantibodies to stage type 1 diabetes.
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| 6. |
- Rylander, David, et al.
(författare)
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Gnosjöandan i ny riktning : Regional samverkan inom design, upplevelser, kulturarv
- 2010
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Ingår i: Entreprenörskap i regioners tjänst. - Jönköping : EIDI. - 9789197919326 ; , s. 237-256
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kapitlet beskriver forsknings- och utvecklingsarbetets uppbyggnad och belyser samspelet mellan praktiker, utvecklare, forskare och finansiärer inom projektet ”Drivkrafter för nya näringar – design, upplevelser, kulturarv” i Gnosjöregionen. Förändringskrafterna i regionen arbetar genom flera kanaler för en attitydförändring som innebär att turism och annan upplevelseindustri ses som naturliga och välkomna inslag i näringslivet som länge har dominerats av tillverkningsindustri. Regional samverkan har lett till ett antal initiativ. Det goda värdskapet, Träffpunkt Drivkraft Turism, designworkshops, sommardesignkontor, utbildning och praktik i upplevelsenäringar är några av de kompetensutvecklingsinsatser som genomförts. Dessa insatser har inte begränsat sig till någon enstaka målgrupp utan omfattat en vidd av företagare, politiker, tjänstemän i stödstrukturer och föreningslivet, arbetslösa och allmänheten. Redan innan projektet avslutats har nya initiativ tillkommit likt ringar på vattnet. Historiskt har starka lokala identiteter och långa samarbetstraditioner med starka formella och informella nätverk inom såväl näringsliv och föreningsliv närt en entreprenörsanda - ”Gnosjöandan”. Denna innebär en triggande och understödjande mix av samarbete och konkurrens. Förmår Gnosjöandan att också omfatta för regionen nya näringar inom design, upplevelser och kulturarv? För detta krävs vilja och förmåga att tänka nytt och vara beredd att integrera kunskap från andra områden som till en början kan upplevas som främmande, i nya kombinationer i produktutvecklingsprocesser. Regional samverkan blir fruktbar när relationerna mellan praktiker, utvecklare, forskare och finansiärer bygger på förtroende, kunskapssökande och engagemang. Då finns grunden för att aktörerna tar ansvar både individuellt och gemensamt för kunskapsbildning och lärprocesser.
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| 7. |
- Salami, Falastin, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction in White Blood Cell, Neutrophil, and Red Blood Cell Counts Related to Sex, HLA, and Islet Autoantibodies in Swedish TEDDY Children at Increased Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 67:11, s. 2329-2336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Islet autoantibodies (IAs) precede the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, the knowledge is limited about whether the prodrome affects complete blood counts (CBCs) in 4- to 12-year-old children with increased genetic risk for T1D. This study tested whether CBCs were altered in 4- to 12-year-old children without (n = 376) or with one or several IAs against insulin, GAD65, or IA-2 (n = 72). CBC was analyzed during longitudinal follow-up in 448 Swedish children enrolled in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. A linear mixed-effects model was used to assess potential association between IA and CBC measurements over time. The white blood cell and neutrophil counts were reduced in children with IAs, primarily in boys. In contrast, girls had lower levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Positivity for multiple IAs showed the lowest counts in white blood cells and neutrophils in boys and red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in girls. These associations were primarily observed in children with the HLA-DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 genotype. We conclude that the reduction in neutrophils and red blood cells in children with multiple IAs and HLA-DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 genotype may signal a sex-dependent islet autoimmunity detected in longitudinal CBCs.
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| 8. |
- Vaziri Sani, Fariba, et al.
(författare)
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ZnT8 autoantibody titers in type 1 diabetes patients decline rapidly after clinical onset.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Autoimmunity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; Apr 7, s. 598-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoantibodies to the islet-specific zinc transporter isoform 8 (ZnT8) are detected in the majority of type 1 diabetes patients prior to and at clinical diagnosis. The presence of ZnT8Ab after diagnosis has not been investigated. This study analyzed the autoantibody response to ZnT8 in regard to age at onset and disease duration. Two new onset type 1 diabetes patient cohorts with different age distributions at onset (2-17 and 15-34 years of age at onset), a longitudinal subset of the younger type 1 diabetes patient cohort (n = 32), and a cohort of GAD65Ab-positive LADA patients (n = 47) was analyzed for the presence of autoantibodies directed to the two major isoforms, ZnT8-Arginine (ZnT8R) and ZnT8-Tryptophan (ZnT8W). The majority of type 1 diabetes patients tested positive for ZnT8Ab to both isoforms. ZnT8Ab titers were significantly higher in the younger type 1 diabetes patients as compared with the older cohort (ZnT8RAb at a median of 148 and 29 U/ml, respectively, p < 0.001) (ZnT8WAb at a median of 145 and 58 U/ml, respectively, p < 0.01). ZnT8RAb and ZnT8WAb titers were significantly lower in the LADA patients (ZnT8RAb at a median of 14 U/ml, ZnT8WAb at a median of 25 U/ml) as compared with either type 1 diabetes cohorts. In our longitudinal analysis of type 1 diabetes patients after clinical diagnosis, ZnT8Ab levels to both isoforms declined significantly during the initial year of disease (ZnT8RAb from a median of 320-162 U/ml, p = 0.0001; ZnT8WAb from a median of 128-46 U/ml, p = 0.0011). The antibody titers further declined during the following 4 years (p < 0.0001). We conclude that ZnT8Ab presents a useful marker for type 1 diabetes, especially in younger patients at disease diagnosis.
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