| 1. |
- Håglin, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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A structural equation model for assessment of links between changes in serum triglycerides, -urate, and -glucose and changes in serum Calcium, -magnesium and -phosphate in Type 2 diabetes and non-diabetes metabolism
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Diabetology. - : BioMed Central. - 1475-2840. ; 10:1, s. 116-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study investigates the associations between changes in serum Triglycerides (S-TG), -Urate (S-Urate), and -Glucose (S-Glu) and changes in serum Calcium (S-Ca), -Magnesium (S-Mg), and -Phosphate (S-P) in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic patients. Methods: The analysis is based on data collected from a secondary prevention population of women and men (W/M) at risk for cardiovascular disease (type 2 diabetes, 212/200; non-diabetes 968/703). The whole population (n = 2083) had a mean age of 51.0 (9.7) years and was stratified for sex and according to type 2 diabetes or non-diabetes. The patients were followed for, either half a year or one year and changes in risk factors were calculated from follow-up to baseline, the time when patients were admitted to the health center. The pattern of relationships was evaluated using a structural equation model. Results: Higher S-TG and S-Glu but lower S-Urate was revealed at baseline in type 2 diabetes women and men as compared to their counterparts, non-diabetes patients. Women with type 2 diabetes had higher S-Ca and lower S-Mg than non-diabetes women. Changes in S-Glu were associated with changes in S-Ca (+), baseline S-Ca (+), and S-Urate (-) in type 2 diabetes men. Changes in S-Urate were associated with changes in S-Mg (+) in type 2 diabetes women and non-diabetes men. In men with non-diabetes, changes in S-Glu were associated with changes in S-Mg (-). In women with non-diabetes, changes in S-Glu were associated with changes in S-P (-) and changes in S-Urate with changes in S-Ca (+). Conclusion: With respect to metabolic disturbances in non-diabetes and the awareness of risk for type 2 diabetes, changes in S-Glu and changes in S-Ca, S-Mg, and S-P should be considered as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Increased early detection and corrections of high S-Ca, low S-Mg, and S-P in obese patients may improve their metabolism and reduce the risk of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes. Trial registration number: ISRCTN: ISRCTN79355192
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| 2. |
- Håglin, Lena, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Handgrip Strength and Anthropometry in Parkinson's Disease at Diagnosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Parkinson's Disease. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-8083 .- 2042-0080. ; 2022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To investigate how age, malnutrition, and the level of plasma cortisol and phosphate in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at time of diagnosis are associated with body composition and handgrip strength in males and females compared to controls. Materials & Methods. This cross-sectional study includes baseline data from a cohort of newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease (N = 75; M/F = 41/34) in the New Parkinsonism in Umeå study (NYPUM). Body Impedance (BIS), handgrip strength (HGS) assessments, and evaluation of risk for malnutrition (Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score) and cognitive performance (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)) were performed at time of PD diagnosis. Results. Low fat-free mass index (FFMI), MNA score, and a high Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-total and UPDRS-III) were associated with high daytime levels of P-cortisol in total PD population but not in controls. Partial correlations reveal that high fat mass percent (FM (%)) and low FFMI were associated with older age in males with PD but not females with PD. Risk of malnutrition was associated with P-cortisol in males but not in females with PD (r =-0.511, P=0.001, and n = 41 and r =-0.055, P=0.759, and n = 34, respectively). Multiple linear regressions show that an interaction between P-cortisol and P-phosphate, older age, and high UPDRS-III score were associated with HGS in total patient population and males but not females. Conclusions. Age-and disease-associated risk factors that decrease muscle mass and HGS and increase FM (%) in patients with PD differ between males and females by an association with levels of cortisol and phosphate.
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| 3. |
- Håglin, Lena M., et al.
(författare)
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High serum phosphate and triglyceride levels in smoking women and men with CVD risk and type 2 diabetes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1758-5996. ; 6, s. 39-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Both low and high serum phosphate levels may be associated with morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. As smoking increases risk for type 2 diabetes (as shown by dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia), we wanted to study whether smoking and type 2 diabetes were associated with serum phosphate and triglyceride levels independently from other CVD risk factors. Methods: Upon admittance to the Vindeln Health Education Centre (VHE-centre) for a four-week comprehensive lifestyle intervention, the participants (1408 women and 1096 men) completed a questionnaire that included their smoking habits - current smoker or non-smoker. We used multiple linear regression analyses to investigate the association between smoking and other CVD risk factors with S-P and S-TG levels. Results: In the non-type 2 diabetes populations, the smokers, compared to the non-smokers, had higher S-P and higher serum triglycerides (S-TG). In women, serum-TG in smokers with type 2 diabetes was higher than in smokers with non-type 2 diabetes. Non-type 2 diabetes patients exhibited an inverse relation between S-Glucose (S-Glu) and S-P and a positive association with S-TG. For men only, an association was seen between age (-) and S-Crea (-) and S-P. For women only, an association was seen between BMI (-) and S-Cholesterol (+) (S-Chol) and S-P. Conclusions: Compared to non-smokers, smoking women with non-type 2 diabetes and smoking men with type 2 diabetes had a higher level of S-P and S-TG. The association between smoking and S-P and S-TG levels still existed after adjusting for age and CVD risk factors in the multiple linear regression analyses.
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| 4. |
- Håglin, Lena, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity, smoking habits, and serum phosphate levels predicts mortality after life-style intervention
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLOS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Life-style interventions, including smoking cessation and weight control are of importance for managing future escalating prevalence of obesity. Smoking habits and obesity have jointly great impact on mortality, however mechanisms behind the effect and variables involved in the obesity paradox is still unknown.Objectives: This study examines risk factors for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in males and females with high cardiovascular risk, mediated by smoking habits, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), and serum phosphate (S-P) levels.Methods: Patients were admitted to the Vindeln Patient Education Center in groups of 30 for a four-week residential comprehensive program (114 hours) focusing on smoking cessation, stress reduction, food preferences and selections, and physical exercise. The follow-up, in years from 1984 to 2014 corresponds to 30 years. This study included 2,504 patients (1,408 females and 1,096 males). Cox regression analysis was used to assess mortality risk associated with smoking habits, low and high BMI, and low and high S-P levels.Results: High BMI (>34,2 kg/m2), current smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), high serum calcium (S-Ca), mmol/L and high systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) were associated with all-cause mortality irrespective of sex. Former and current smoking females had a high all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.581; 95% CI 1.108–2.256, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.935; 95% CI 1.461–2.562, respectively) while current smoking and high BMI increased risk for cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.505; 95% CI 2.140–5.740 and [HR] 1.536; 95% CI 1.058–2.231, respectively). Neither low nor high levels of S-P predicted all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality in males or females while low levels of S-P predicted all-cause mortality in smokers (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.713; 95% CI 1.211–2.424). In non-smokers, low BMI (<27.6 kg/m2) was protecting and high BMI a risk for all-cause mortality. In males, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and low serum albumin (S-Alb) were associated with all-cause mortality. In females, an interaction between high BMI and smoking (HbmiSM) decreased the cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.410; 95% CI 0.179–0.937, respectively).Conclusions: High BMI and current smoking were associated with all-cause mortality in both males and females in the present high cardiovascular-risk cohort. In current smokers and non-smokers, T2DM and high S-Ca were associated with an increase in all-cause mortality, while low S-P was associated with all-cause mortality in smokers. Interaction between high BMI and smoking contribute to the obesity paradox by being protective for cardiovascular mortality in females.
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| 5. |
- Håglin, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of all-cause mortality in a patient population with hypertension and type 2 DM by using traditional risk factors and serum-phosphate, -calcium and -magnesium.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Biabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 44:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate whether the prediction of all-cause mortality from traditional risk factors is improved by adding electrolytes (serum-phosphate (S-P), serum-calcium (S-Ca) and serum-magnesium (S-Mg)) in a Cox regression. The study uses an 18-year follow-up of patients (n=2504) referred by physicians in primary health care and hospitals to the Vindeln Patient Education (VPE) Center, mainly with a diagnosis of hypertension (HT), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or obesity.Cox regression, with the latest registered value and baseline values for risk factors, was used to study all-cause mortality in men and women. 221 out of 1096 men and 157 out of 1408 women died during the 18-year follow-up (20% and 11% respectively). The Cox regression analysis reveals that high blood glucose (B-Glu) and low S-Mg were significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality in the whole patient population as well as in men and women separately. Among women, type 2 DM and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and among men, high S-Ca, S-P, S-urate and body mass index (BMI) were the main predictors of all-cause mortality. There is significantly improved prediction of all-cause mortality with electrolytes added to the traditional risk factors. High B-Glu and low S-Mg in both men and women, and high S-Ca and S-P in men, are significantly associated with all-cause mortality. The metabolic disturbance in this high-risk group of patients can be more fully understood if ionic imbalance is included in the prediction of mortatlity.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Löfgren, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Jämförelser mellan studerande i olika antagningsgrupper som har registrerats på ekonomprogram
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study was about students and their study achievements. Data from available records for students admitted to the study programme of business administration was used. The students (N19393) were born in the period 1972–1984, living in Sweden and registered on the study programme sometime between 1993 and 2000. The students were divided into three groups on the basis of the grounds on which the students had been admitted. The first group had been admitted on the basis of their credits from uppersecondary school, the second on the basis of their SweSAT-scores and the third group on the basis of their SweSAT-scores with additional credit for work experience. Study achievement was defined as the number of credits the students managed to attain each semester. The purpose of the study was to see if there were any differences in academic achievement between the three groups. Attention was also given to social background and sex. The results showed that approximately 50% of the students were women. The proportion of students from Social Group 1 was highest among those who had been admitted on the basis of their SweSAT-scores. The most common upper-secondary school programme, for the students who had completed upper-secondary school 1997 or later, was the Programme for Social Science (Samhällsvetenskaplig utbildning). About one fifth of the students who had completed upper secondary school 1997-1999 had taken supplementary secondary-education-level courses after they had left upper-secondary school. The study showed that the female students attained more course points per semester than the male students. There were also differences, in terms of the number of credits attained per term, between the students from the three groups and between students with different social backgrounds. However, these differences were not as extensive as the differences between male and female study achievements.
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| 8. |
- Löfgren, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Jämförelser mellan studerande i olika antagningsgrupper som har registrerats på socionomprogrammet
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Students and their study achievements are in focus in this report. Attention is given to the three and a half year long Programme for Social Work. The students (N2956) where divided into three groups, according to the grounds on which they had been admitted to the programme. The first group had been admitted on the basis of their credits from upper-secondary school, the second on the basis of their SweSAT-scores and the third group on the basis of their SweSAT-scores with additional credit for work experience. The purpose of the study was to see if there were any differences in academic achievement between the three groups. Academic achievement was defined as the number of credits achieved at university. Attention was also given to social backgrounds and male/female variance. The results showed that approximately 85% of the students were women. The proportion of students from Social Group 1 was highest among those who had been admitted on the basis of their credits from upper-secondary school. The most common uppersecondary school programme was the Programme for Social Science (Samhällsvetenskaplig utbildning). About one fourth of the students who had completed upper-secondary school 1997-1999 had taken supplementary secondary education level courses after they had left upper-secondary school. The study showed that the female students attained more course points perterm compared to the male students. There were also differences, in terms of the number of credits attained per term, between the students from the three groups and between students with different socio-economic backgrounds. However, these differences were not as extensive as the differences between male and female study achievements.
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