| 1. |
- Chen, Dong Lei, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of cyclic shedding teeth from semi-shedding teeth : the inner dental arcade of the stem osteichthyan Lophosteus
- 2017
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Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - : ROYAL SOC. - 2054-5703. ; 4:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The numerous cushion-shaped tooth-bearing plates attributed to the stem-group osteichthyan Lophosteus superbus, which are argued here to represent the ancient form of inner dental arcade, display a unique and presumably primitive way of tooth shedding by basal hard tissue resorption. They carry regularly spaced, recumbent, gently recurved teeth arranged in transverse tooth files that diverge towards the lingual margin of the cushion. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from propagation phase contrast synchrotron microtomography (PPC-SRμCT) reveals remnants of the first-generation teeth embedded in the basal plate that have never been discerned in any taxa. These teeth were shed by semi-basal resorption with the periphery of their bases retained as dentine rings. The rings are highly overlapped, which evidences tooth shedding prior to adding the next first-generation tooth. Later teeth at the same sites underwent cyclical replacing and shedding through basal resorption, producing stacks of buried resorption surfaces separated by bone of attachment. The number and spatial arrangement of resorption surfaces elucidates that basal resorption of replacement teeth had taken place at the older tooth sites before the addition of the youngest first-generation teeth at the lingual margin. Thus the replacement tooth buds cannot have been generated by a single permanent dental lamina, but must have arisen either from successional dental laminae associated with the predecessor teeth, or directly from the dental epithelium of these teeth. The virtual histological dissection of these Late Silurian microfossils broadens our understanding of the development of the gnathostome dental systems and the acquisition of the osteichthyan-type of tooth replacement.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Chen, Donglei, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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The developmental relationship between teeth and dermal odontodes in the most primitive bony fish Lophosteus
- 2020
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ontogenetic trajectory of a marginal jawbone of Lophosteus superbus (Late Silurian, 422 Million years old), the phylogenetically most basal stem osteichthyan, visualized by synchrotron microtomography, reveals a developmental relationship between teeth and dermal odontodes that is not evident from the adult morphology. The earliest odontodes are two longitudinal founder ridges formed at the ossification center. Subsequent odontodes that are added lingually to the ridges turn into conical teeth and undergo cyclic replacement, while those added labially achieve a stellate appearance. Stellate odontodes deposited directly on the bony plate are aligned with the alternate files of teeth, whereas new tooth positions are inserted into the files of sequential addition when a gap appears. Successive teeth and overgrowing odontodes show hybrid morphologies around the oral-dermal boundary, suggesting signal cross-communication. We propose that teeth and dermal odontodes are modifications of a single system, regulated and differentiated by the oral and dermal epithelia.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Donglei, et al.
(författare)
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The stem osteichthyan Andreolepis and the origin of tooth replacement
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 539:7628, s. 237-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The teeth of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) show rigidly patterned, unidirectional replacement that may or may not be associated with a shedding mechanism. These mechanisms, which are critical for the maintenance of the dentition, are incongruently distributed among extant gnathostomes. Although a permanent tooth-generating dental lamina is present in all chondrichthyans, many tetrapods and some teleosts, it is absent in the non-teleost actinopterygians. Tooth-shedding by basal hard tissue resorption occurs in most osteichthyans (including tetrapods) but not in chondrichthyans. Here we report a three-dimensional virtual dissection of the dentition of a 424-million-year-old stem osteichthyan, Andreolepis hedei, using propagation phase-contrast synchrotron microtomography, with a reconstruction of its growth history. Andreolepis, close to the common ancestor of all extant osteichthyans, shed its teeth by basal resorption but probably lacked a permanent dental lamina. This is the earliest documented instance of resorptive tooth shedding and may represent the primitive osteichthyan mode of tooth replacement.
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| 5. |
- Dupret, Vincent, et al.
(författare)
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A primitive placoderm sheds light on the origin of the jawed vertebrate face
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 507:7493, s. 500-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extant vertebrates form two clades, the jawless Cyclostomata (lampreys and hagfishes) and the jawed Gnathostomata (all other vertebrates), with contrasting facial architectures(1,2). These arise during development from just a few key differences in the growth patterns of the cranial primordia: notably, the nasal sacs and hypophysis originate from a single placode in cyclostomes but from separate placodes in gnathostomes, and infraoptic ectomesenchyme migrates forward either side of the single placode in cyclostomes but between the placodes in gnathostomes(3-8). Fossil stem gnathostomes preserve cranial anatomies rich in landmarks that provide proxies for developmental processes and allow the transition from jawless to jawed vertebrates to be broken down into evolutionary steps(7,9-12). Here we use propagation phase contrast synchrotron microtomography to image the cranial anatomy of the primitive placoderm (jawed stem gnathostome) Romundina(13), and show that itcombines jawed vertebrate architecture with cranial and cerebral proportions resembling those of cyclostomes and the galeaspid (jawless stem gnathostome) Shuyu(11). This combination seems to be primitive for jawed vertebrates, and suggests a decoupling between ectomesenchymal growth trajectory, ectomesenchymal proliferation, and cerebral shape change during the origin of gnathostomes.
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| 6. |
- Dupret, Vincent, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Being Romundina stellina Ørvig, 1975 (Vertebrate, Placodermi, Acanthothoraci) : itracranial anatomy of one of the deepest gnathostomes revealed by synchrotron tomograpy in phase contrast protocole
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dans la peau de Romundina stellina Ørvig, 1975 (Vertebrata, Placodermi, Acanthothoraci)Anatomie crânienne d'un des premiers gnathostomes révélée par tomographie synchrotron en contraste de phase Being Romundina stellina Ørvig, 1975 (Vertebrata, Placodermi, Acanthothoraci)Intracranial anatomy of one of the deepest gnathostomes revealed by synchrotron tomography in phase contrast protocole The acanthothoracid placoderms (armored fishes) are the most basal and primitive gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates; 1). However, their endocranial morphology is poorly understood, and only one genus (Brindabellaspis) has been described thoroughly (2).Here we present the 3D reconstruction of a subcomplete skull of Romundina stellina Ørvig, 3, from the Lochkovian of Prince of Wales Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The specimen was imaged in 3D with propagation phase contrast microtomography (4) on the ID19 beamline of the ESRF, using a 7.45 µm isotropic voxel size.Most features are properly preserved and most of the missing structures can be virtually rebuilt by symmetry. Another advantage of this virtual approach is the possibility of connecting with certainty all the external foramina to the blood and nerve canals and the central/internal structures, and hence to identify accurate homologies without destroying the specimen. Ørvig’s original assumptions can now be checked with confidence.The vasculature of the dermal bones, rendered in detail, allowed a better understanding of plate growth. It permits the visualization of dermal bone establishment over perichondral bone (5).The high level of details of this model reveals that between the trigeminal and vagus nerve (and the inner ears), the perichondral bone wrapping the endocranial cavity shows a “lace” pattern, unknown so far in vertebrates (presumably because of the lack of data). The significance of this character is unclear, but it is definitely not an artifact of taphonomy or scanning. References1 Janvier, P. Early Vertebrates. Clarendon Press edn, Vol. 1 (Oxford Science Publications, 1996).2 Young, G. C. A new Early Devonian placoderm from New South Wales, Australia, with a discussion of placoderm phylogeny. Palaeontographica (A) 167, 10–76 (1980).3 Ørvig, T. Description, with special reference to the dermal skeleton, of a new Radotinid arthrodire from the Gedinnian of Arctic Canada. Extrait des Colloques internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Problèmes actuels de Paléontologie - Evolution des Vertébrés 218, 41–71 (1975).4 Tafforeau, P. et al. Applications of X-ray synchrotron microtomography for non-destructive 3D studies of paleontological specimens. Applied Physics A - Materials Science & Processing 83, 195–202 (2006).5 Dupret, V., Sanchez, S., Goujet, D., Tafforeau, P. & Ahlberg, P. Bone vascularization and growth in placoderms (Vertebrata): the example of the premedian plate of Romundina stellina Ørvig, 1975 Comptes Rendus Palevol 9, 369–375 (2010).
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| 7. |
- Dupret, Vincent, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Bone vascularization and growth in placoderms (Vertebrata) : The example of the premedian plate of Romundina stellina Ørvig, 1975
- 2010
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Ingår i: Comptes rendus. Palevol. - : Elsevier BV. - 1631-0683 .- 1777-571X. ; 9:6-7, s. 369-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Placodermi (armored jawed fishes), which appeared during the Lower Silurian and disappeared without leading any descendants at the end of the Famennian (Latest Devonian), have the highest diversity of known Devonian vertebrate groups. As phylogenetically basal gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates), they are potentially informative about primitive jawed vertebrate anatomy and origins. Until recently, the study of their internal or histological structures has required destructive methods such as sectioning or serial grinding. Recent advances in tomography and imaging technologies, especially through the increasing use of synchrotron phase contrast imaging for the study of fossils, allow us to reveal the inner structures of the fossil nondestructively and with unprecedented three-dimensional level of detail. Here, we present for the first time the prerostral anatomy of the small acanthothoracid Romundina stellina, one of the earliest and most basal placoderms. Phase contrast imaging allows us to reconstruct the vascularization and nerve canals of the premedian plate and adjacent parts of the skeleton three-dimensionally in great detail, providing important clues to the growth modes and biology of the animal.
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| 8. |
- Dupret, Vincent, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Fossil early vertebrates shed lights on the origin of the gnathostome face
- 2013
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Ingår i: Program and Abstracts of the 10th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology. - Barcelona, Spain. ; , s. 245-245
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jawless cyclostomes and jawed gnathostomes show very different face patterns. Cyclostomes have a single median nasohypophysial duct, an anterior hypophysis and a short telencephalon, while gnathostomes have a pair of nasal sacs opening externally, a more posterior separate hypophysis open in the palate and a longer telencephalon.Embryonic processes differ as well. In cyclostomes, premandibular crest cells migrate forwards either side of the nasohypophysial placode to form the upper lip; in gnathostomes they migrate between the hypophysial and nasal placodes to form the trabecular region. Supraoptic neural crest remains posterior to the nasohypophysial duct in cyclostomes; it moves forward to create the nasal capsules in gnathostomes.Some fossil forms illustrate a transition between these two patterns.The jawless galeaspid Shuyu (-430 Ma) has a nasohypophysial duct, short telencephalon, and anteriorly oriented hypophysis, but the paired nasal sacs and hypophysis are separated by a rudimentary trabecula.The jawed primitive placoderm Romundina (-415 Ma) shows a cranial cavity reminiscent of that of Shuyu (anteriorly directed hypophysis, very short telencephalon). The trabecular region is long and wide, the nasal capsule is small and located far behind the tip of the snout but just in front of the orbits. We interpret these features as uniquely primitive among gnathostomes. The premandibular crest of Romundina formed a trabecular region extending as anteriorly as the tip of the snout (like in extant cyclostome and the fossil Shuyu). The position of the nasal capsule suggests that the supraoptic crest had not migrated forwards.We suggest that the evolutionary sequence for the creation of the extant gnathostome face from a cyclostome pattern involved 1) separation of the nasal and hypophysial placodes (galeaspids), 2) loss of the nasohypophysial duct (placoderms), and 3) lengthening of the telencephalon and the migration of the nasal capsules to the snout tip.
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| 9. |
- Dupret, Vincent, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Fossils of early vertebrates and the evolution of the gnathostome face revealed by Synchrotron imaging
- 2013
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Ingår i: Programme and Abstracts. - Edinburgh, U.K.. ; , s. 21-21
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclostomes and gnathostomes have distinct face patterns. Cyclostomes possess a median nasohypophysial duct, an anterior hypophysis and a short telencephalon, contra gnathostomes possessing a pair of nasal sacs opening externally, a separate posterior hypophysis opening onto the palate and a long telencephalon. Embryonic development also differs. In cyclostomes, premandibular crest cells migrate forwards either side of the nasohypophysial placode, forming an upper lip; in gnathostomes they migrate between the hypophysial and nasal placodes forming the trabecular region. Supraoptic neural crest remains posterior to the nasohypophysial duct in cyclostomes but moves forward to create the nasal capsules in gnathostomes. Fossil stem gnathostomes illustrate a transitional sequence between these two patterns: 1) The galeaspid Shuyu (jawless stem gnathostome): nasohypophysial duct, short telencephalon, and anteriorly oriented hypophysis as in a cyclostome, but paired nasal sacs and hypophysis separated by a rudimentary trabecula. 2) The primitive placoderm Romundina (jawed stem gnathostome): short telencephalon, anteriorly directed hypophysis, trabecular region long and wide, nasal capsule located far behind the tip of the snout but just in front of the orbits. These features are interpreted as uniquely primitive among gnathostomes. The trabeculae of Romundina form an extensive precerebral region resembling the upper lip of extant cyclostomes and Shuyu. The position of the nasal capsule suggests that the supraoptic crest had not migrated forwards. 3) The arthrodire Kujdanowiapsis (a more derived placoderm): short telencephalon and vertically oriented hypophysis. The trabecula has been shortened anteriorly, making the nasal capsule terminal. These positional relationships are maintained in crown gnathostomes.
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