| 1. |
- Sarmad, Shokat, et al.
(författare)
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How Different Electrolytes Can Influence the Aqueous Solution Behavior of 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride : A Volumetric, Viscometric, and Infrared Spectroscopy Approach
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Chemistry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2646. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The density, sound velocity, and viscosity of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C2mim]Cl in pure water and aqueous solutions of some electrolytes such as potassium chloride, potassium carbonate, and potassium phosphate (weight fraction of salt fixed at ws = 0. 11) have been measured over a wide range of temperatures from 298.15 to 318.15 K. The obtained experimental data have been used to compute various volumetric, compressibility, and viscometric parameters, e.g., apparent molar properties, limiting apparent molar and transfer properties. The co-sphere overlap model was employed to describe the dominant intermolecular interactions in the ternary solutions. Additionally, the structure making/breaking nature of the [C2mim]Cl in the ternary solutions has been discussed in terms of Hepler's constant and the temperature derivative of viscosity B-coefficient (dB/dT). The activation free energy of solvent and solute, activation enthalpy, and activation entropy have been calculated by the application of transition state theory. The calculated parameters have been interpreted in the sense of solvent–solute and solute–solute interactions. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies also have been done for the studied systems. Volumetric, acoustic, viscometric, and spectroscopic studies can render some evidence and help to understand the aqueous solution behavior of ionic liquids.
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| 2. |
- Sarmad, Shokat, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement and correlation of phase equilibria for poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate + alcohol systems at 298.15 K
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9568 .- 1520-5134. ; 50:1, s. 283-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The activities of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol in poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (Mn = 360) solutions have been measured by the isopiestic method at 298.15 K. Sodium iodide and calcium chloride were used as the isopiestic standards for the calculation of activities. The original equation of Flory−Huggins and the modified Flory−Huggins equation with concentration-dependent interaction parameters have been used for the correlation of the experimental solvent activity data. The strength of interaction between different alcohols and the polymer was discussed on the basis of the obtained Flory−Huggins interaction parameters. The reliability of the two local-composition models, NRTL and NRF, were also assessed by fitting the experimental activity data to these models. All of these models satisfactorily present the obtained experimental activity data
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| 3. |
- Zafarani-Moattar, Mohammed Taghi, et al.
(författare)
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Apparent molar volumes, apparent isentropic compressibilities, and viscosity B-coefficients of 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium bromide in aqueous di-potassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium di-hydrogen phosphate solutions at T = (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9614 .- 1096-3626. ; 54, s. 192-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apparent molar volumes Vϕ, apparent isentropic compressibilities κϕ, and viscosity B-coefficients for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (EmimBr) in aqueous di-potassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) solutions with salt weight fractions (ws = 0.00, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) and potassium di-hydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) solutions with salt weight fractions (ws = 0.00, 0.04, 0.07, and 0.10) have been determined from solution density, sound velocity and viscosity measurements at temperatures over the range (298.15 to 318.15) K as function of concentration of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (EmimBr). In the investigated temperature range, the relation: Vϕ0=a0+a1T+a2T2, has been used to describe the temperature dependence of the standard partial molar volumes Vϕ0. These results have, in conjunction with the results obtained in pure water, been used to deduce the standard volumes of transfer ΔVϕ0 and viscosity B-coefficients of transfer for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide from water to aqueous K2HPO4 and KH2PO4 solutions for rationalizing various interactions in the ternary solutions. The structure making or breaking ability of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide has been discussed in terms of the sign of ∂2Vϕ0∂T2. An increase in the transfer volume of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide with increasing phosphate salts concentration has been explained by Friedman–Krishnan co-sphere model. The activation parameters of viscous flow for the ternary solutions investigated were also determined and discussed by the application of transition state theory.
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| 4. |
- Zafarani-Moattar, Mohammed Taghi, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of tri-potassium phosphate on volumetric, acoustic, and transport behaviour of aqueous solutions of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide at T = (298.15 to 318.15) K
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9614 .- 1096-3626. ; 42:10, s. 1213-1221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density, sound velocity, and viscosity of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [Emim][Br], in aqueous solutions of tri-potassium phosphate with salt weight fractions (ws = 0.00, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) have been measured as a function of concentration of [Emim][Br] at atmospheric pressure and T = (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K. The apparent molar volume, isentropic compressibility, apparent isentropic compressibility, and relative viscosity values have been evaluated from the experimental data. The partial molar volume and isentropic compressibility at infinite dilution, and viscosity B-coefficient obtained from these data have been used to calculate the corresponding transfer parameters for the studied IL from water to the aqueous tri-potassium phosphate solutions. Also, an empirical equation was satisfactorily used to correlate the experimental viscosity data.
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| 5. |
- Zafarani-Moattar, Mohammed Taghi, et al.
(författare)
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Liquid−Liquid and Liquid−Liquid−Solid Equilibrium of the Poly(ethylene glycol) Dimethyl Ether 2000 + Sodium Sulfate + Water System
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9568 .- 1520-5134. ; 53:11, s. 2666-2670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phase diagram for the poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDE) + Na2SO4 + H2O system at 298.15 K using PEGDE with a molar mass of 2000 was determined. Compositions of the liquid−liquid and the liquid−liquid−solid equilibria were determined using calibration curves of refractive index of the solutions, and atomic absorption (AA) and X-ray diffraction analyses were made on the solids. The solid phase in equilibrium with the biphasic region was anhydrous Na2SO4. An empirical nonlinear three-parameter expression developed by Merchuk was used for reproducing the experimental binodal data at T = (288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K, and the fitting parameters were obtained for the corresponding temperatures. The effects of temperature on the binodal curve were also studied, and it was observed that the area of the biphasic region increased slightly with an increase in temperature. The experimental tie-line compositions at the aforementioned temperatures were fitted to both the Othmer−Tobias and Bancroft and Setschenow-type equations. Correlation coefficients for all equations are reported.
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| 6. |
- Zafarani-Moattar, Mohammed Taghi, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement and modeling of densities and sound velocities of the systems poly(propylene glycol) + methanol, +ethanol, +1-propanol, +2-propanol and +1-butanol at T = 298.15 K
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9614 .- 1096-3626. ; 38:3, s. 257-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments have been performed at T = 298.15 K to measure the density and sound velocity of the systems {poly(propylene glycol) + methanol, +ethanol, +1-propanol, 2-propanol and +1-butanol} over the whole range of composition. From these measurements, values of the excess molar volume (Vmex)">(Vmex) and excess molar isentropic compression, Ks,mex">Ks,mex , equal to -(∂Vmex/∂p)s">-(∂Vmex/∂p)s were calculated. The excess molar volume for all of these systems were found to be negative and decreases in magnitude as size of alcohol increases, except for 2-propanol solutions for which the magnitude of the excess volume is higher than that of 1-butanol solutions. Expressions for VmexandKs,mex">VmexandKs,mex of polymer solutions were obtained for the model of Flory–Huggins and the polymer non-random two liquid (NRTL) model. These expressions were used to fit the experimental VmexandKs,mex">VmexandKs,mex data of the investigated systems.
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| 7. |
- Zafarani-Moattar, Mohammed Taghi, et al.
(författare)
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Osmotic and activity coefficient of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide in aqueous solutions of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and tripotassium phosphate at T = 298.15 K
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9568 .- 1520-5134. ; 55:11, s. 5182-5190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vapor−liquid equilibrium data (water activity, vapor pressure, osmotic coefficient, and activity coefficient) of the mixed electrolyte aqueous solution, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [Emim][Br], + tripotassium phosphate, [Emim][Br], + dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, [Emim][Br], + potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and their corresponding binary aqueous solutions have been measured by the isopiestic method at temperature 298.15 K. The osmotic coefficients for binary aqueous solutions were correlated to the Pitzer and modified Pitzer models. From these data, the corresponding mean molal activity coefficients, γ±, have been calculated. The activity coefficients of mixed electrolytes were calculated by Scatchard’s neutral-electrolyte method. The activity results were also satisfactorily fitted to the semiempirical equation.
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| 8. |
- Zafarani-Moattar, Mohammed Taghi, et al.
(författare)
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Osmotic and activity coefficient of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in aqueous solutions of tri-potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate, and potassium chloride at T=298.15 K
- 2011
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Ingår i: Calphad. - : Elsevier. - 0364-5916 .- 1873-2984. ; 35:3, s. 331-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vapour–liquid equilibrium data (water activity, vapour pressure, osmotic coefficient, and activity coefficient) of the mixed electrolyte aqueous solutions, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, (EmimCl) + tri-potassium phosphate, EmimCl + potassium carbonate, EmimCl + potassium chloride and their corresponding binary aqueous solutions have been measured by the isopiestic method at a temperature of 298.15 K. The osmotic coefficients for binary aqueous solutions were correlated to the Pitzer, modified Pitzer and TCPC models. The osmotic coefficient of mixed electrolyte with common anion was correlated to the Pitzer model. From these data, the corresponding mean activity coefficients, γ±">γ± , have been calculated. The activity coefficients of mixed electrolytes were calculated by Scatchard’s neutral electrolyte method. A modified Pitzer model has been used to predict the osmotic and activity coefficients of mixed electrolyte solution with common anion.
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| 9. |
- Zafarani-Moattar, Mohammed Taghi, et al.
(författare)
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Phase Diagrams for Liquid-Liquid and Liquid-Solid Equilibrium of the TernaryPoly(ethylene glycol) Dimethyl Ether 2000 + Sodium Carbonate + Water System
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9568 .- 1520-5134. ; 54:10, s. 2918-2922
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complete phase diagram for the poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether 2000 (PEGDME2000) + Na2CO3 + H2O system at 298.15 K was determined. Experimental liquid−liquid equilibrium phase diagrams, tie lines, and plait points were obtained for the ternary system. Compositions of the liquid−liquid and the liquid−liquid−solid equilibria were determined from calibration curves of refractive index of the solutions, and atomic absorption (AA) and X-ray diffraction analyses were made on the solids. Binodal curves were described using the Merchuk equation at T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K, and the fitting parameters were obtained for the corresponding temperatures. The effects of temperature on the binodal curve were also studied, and it was observed that the area of the biphasic region increased slightly with increase in temperature. Also, the tie lines were fitted to both the Othmer−Tobias and Bancroft and Setschenow-type equations. Correlation coefficients for all equations are reported.
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| 10. |
- Zafarani-Moattar, Mohammed Taghi, et al.
(författare)
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Volumetric and Ultrasonic Studies of the Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate 360 + Alcohol Systems at 298.15 K
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9568 .- 1520-5134. ; 51:3, s. 968-971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Speed of sound and density of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate 360 (PEGMA) + methanol, + ethanol, + 2-propanol, and + 1-butanol systems have been measured experimentally over the whole range of composition at T = 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. From these experimental data, the excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibility, and changes in speed of sound and isentropic compressibility have been determined for each composition. The results have been interpreted in light of polymer−solvent interactions and packing effects. Also, the excess molar volumes and the changes of the speed of sound and the isentropic compressibility were fitted to two different variable-degree polynomial equations.
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