| 1. |
- Berman, Anne H., Professor, et al.
(författare)
-
Transdiagnostic and tailored internet intervention to improve mental health among university students : Research protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Nature. - 1745-6215. ; 25:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Emerging adulthood is often associated with mental health problems. About one in three university students report symptoms of depression and anxiety that can negatively affect their developmental trajectory concerning work, intimate relationships, and health. This can interfere with academic performance, as mood and anxiety disorders are key predictors of dropout from higher education. A treatment gap exists, where a considerable proportion of students do not seek help for mood and anxiety symptoms. Offering internet interventions to students with mental health problems could reduce the treatment gap, increase mental health, and improve academic performance. A meta-analysis on internet interventions for university students showed small effects for depression and none for anxiety. Larger trials are recommended to further explore effects of guidance, transdiagnostic approaches, and individual treatment components.Methods: This study will offer 1200 university students in Sweden participation in a three-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating a guided or unguided transdiagnostic internet intervention for mild to moderate depression and anxiety, where the waitlist control group accesses the intervention at 6-month follow-up. Students reporting suicidal ideation/behaviors will be excluded and referred to treatment within the existing healthcare system. An embedded study within the trial (SWAT) will assess at week 3 of 8 whether participants in the guided and unguided groups are at higher risk of failing to benefit from treatment. Those at risk will be randomized to an adaptive treatment strategy, or to continue the treatment as originally randomized. Primary outcomes are symptoms of depression and anxiety. Follow-ups will occur at post-treatment and at 6-, 12-, and 24-month post-randomization. Between-group outcome analyses will be reported, and qualitative interviews about treatment experiences are planned.Discussion: This study investigates the effects of a transdiagnostic internet intervention among university students in Sweden, with an adaptive treatment strategy employed during the course of treatment to minimize the risk of treatment failure. The study will contribute knowledge about longitudinal trajectories of mental health and well-being following treatment, taking into account possible gender differences in responsiveness to treatment. With time, effective internet interventions could make treatment for mental health issues more widely accessible to the student group.
|
|
| 2. |
- Galichanin, Konstantin, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of Molecular Mechanisms of In vivo UVR Induced Cataract
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Visualized Experiments. - : MyJove Corporation. - 1940-087X. ; :69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world (1). The World Health Organization defines cataract as a clouding of the lens of the eye which impedes the transfer of light. Cataract is a multi-factorial disease associated with diabetes, smoking, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), alcohol, ionizing radiation, steroids and hypertension. There is strong experimental (2-4) and epidemiological evidence (5,6) that UVR causes cataract. We developed an animal model for UVR B induced cataract in both anesthetized (7) and non-anesthetized animals (8). The only cure for cataract is surgery but this treatment is not accessible to all. It has been estimated that a delay of onset of cataract for 10 years could reduce the need for cataract surgery by 50% (9). To delay the incidence of cataract, it is needed to understand the mechanisms of cataract formation and find effective prevention strategies. Among the mechanisms for cataract development, apoptosis plays a crucial role in initiation of cataract in humans and animals (10). Our focus has recently been apoptosis in the lens as the mechanism for cataract development (8,11,12). It is anticipated that a better understanding of the effect of UVR on the apoptosis pathway will provide possibilities for discovery of new pharmaceuticals to prevent cataract. In this article, we describe how cataract can be experimentally induced by in vivo exposure to UVR-B. Further RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry are presented as tools to study molecular mechanisms of UVR-B induced cataract.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kronschlager, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Apoptosis in Rat Cornea After In Vivo Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation at 300 nm
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Cornea. - 0277-3740 .- 1536-4798. ; 34:8, s. 945-949
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose:Peak toxicity for in vivo ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to the lens is in the 300-nm wavelength region. However, little is known about corneal cell damage at 300 nm. The purpose of the study was to determine the time evolution of apoptosis in the cornea after in vivo exposure to 300-nm UVR.Methods:Altogether, 16 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups and unilaterally exposed to 5 kJ/m(2) UVR ((max): 300 nm; (0.5): 10 nm) for 15 minutes. After a predetermined latency period of 1, 5, 24, and 120 hours, depending on the group, the animals were killed and eyes were enucleated. Eye globes were further cryosectioned in 10-m thick midsagittal sections. For the detection of apoptosis, the TUNEL method was applied.Results:TUNEL-positive signals were observed in the superficial epithelial cells in the exposed and control eyes at all latency periods. At 5 hours, TUNEL staining was detected in the exposed corneas in epithelial cells, keratocytes, and endothelial cells with a maximum signal at 24 hours. At 120 hours, no TUNEL staining was found in endothelial cells and only occasionally in keratocytes in exposed corneas. Signs of ulceration and stromal thinning were observed at 120 hours.Conclusions:UVR in the 300-nm wavelength region induces TUNEL staining in all 3 corneal layers. TUNEL staining of all 3 corneal layers is an early postexposure event observed after a 5-hour latency period. Corneal sterile keratolysis occurs in the time window of 24 to 120 hours probably induced by neutrophils.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kronschläger, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Caffeine eye drops protect against UV-B cataract
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Experimental Eye Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4835 .- 1096-0007. ; 113, s. 26-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate if topically applied caffeine protects against in vivo ultraviolet radiation cataract and if so, to estimate the protection factor. Three experiments were carried out. First, two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-treated with a single application of either placebo or caffeine eye drops in both eyes. All animals were then unilaterally exposed in vivo to 8 kJ/m(2) UV-B radiation for 15 min. One week later, the lens GSH levels were measured and the degree of cataract was quantified by measurement of in vitro lens light scattering. In the second experiment, placebo and caffeine pre-treated rats were divided in five UV-B radiation dose groups, receiving 0.0, 2.6, 3.7, 4.5 or 5.2 kJ/m(2) UV-B radiation in one eye. Lens light scattering was determined after one week. In the third experiment, placebo and caffeine pre-treated rats were UV-B-exposed and the presence of activated caspase-3 was visualized by immunohistochemistry. There was significantly less UV-B radiation cataract in the caffeine group than in the placebo group (95% confidence interval for mean difference in lens light scattering between the groups = 0.10 +/- 0.05 tEDC), and the protection factor for caffeine was 1.23. There was no difference in GSH levels between the placebo- and the caffeine group. There was more caspase-3 staining in UV-B-exposed lenses from the placebo group than in UV-B-exposed lenses from the caffeine group. Topically applied caffeine protects against ultraviolet radiation cataract, reducing lens sensitivity 1.23 times.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kronschläger, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Evolution of TUNEL-labeling in the Rat Lens After In Vivo Exposure to Just Above Threshold Dose UVB
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Current Eye Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0271-3683 .- 1460-2202. ; 38:8, s. 880-885
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose/Aim:To quantitatively analyse the evolution of TUNEL-labeling, after in vivo exposure to UVB.Methods:Altogether, 16 Sprague Dawley rats were unilaterally exposed in vivo for 15 min to close to threshold dose, 5 kJ/m(2), of ultraviolet radiation in the 300nm wavelength region. Animals were sacrificed in groups of 4 at 1, 5, 24 and 120 h after exposure. For each animal, both eye globes were removed and frozen. The frozen eye was cryo-sectioned in 10 mm thick midsagittal sections. From each globe, three midsagittal sections with at least five sections interval in between were mounted on a microscope slide. Sections were TUNEL-labeled and counter stained with DAPI. For quantification of apoptosis, a fluorescence microscope was used. In sections with a continuous epithelial cell surface, the number of lens epithelial cell nuclei and the number of TUNEL-positive epithelial cell nuclei was counted. The total number of TUNEL-positive epithelial cell nuclei for all three sections of one lens in relation to the total number of epithelial cell nuclei for all three sections of the same lens was compared between exposed and contralateral not exposed lens for each animal.Results:The relative difference of the fraction of TUNEL-positive nuclei between exposed and contralateral not exposed lens increased gradually, peaked in the time interval 5-120 h after exposure, and then declined.Conclusions:Close to threshold dose of UVB induces TUNEL-labeling that peaks in the time window 5-120 h after exposure to UVB.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kronschläger, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Pharmacokinetics for topically applied caffeine in the rat
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Experimental Eye Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4835 .- 1096-0007. ; 122, s. 94-101
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Topically applied caffeine was recently identified as a promising candidate molecule for cataract prevention. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics for topically applied caffeine. Potential toxicity of 72 mM caffeine on the ocular surface and the lens was qualitatively monitored and no toxic effects were observed. The concentration of caffeine was measured in the lens and the blood after topical application of 72 mM caffeine to groups of 10 animals sacrificed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after topical application. The lens concentration decreased throughout the observation period while the blood concentration increased up to 120 min. Further, the concentration of caffeine in the lens and blood was measured 30 min after topical application of caffeine, the concentration of caffeine being 0.72, 3.34, 15.51 and 72 mM depending on group belonging, in groups of 10 animals. The caffeine concentration in lens and blood, respectively, increased proportionally to the caffeine concentration topically applied. The rat blood concentrations achieved were far below the equivalent threshold dose of FDA recommended daily dose for humans. This information is important for further development of caffeine eye drops for cataract prevention.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kronschläger, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Topically applied caffeine induces miosis in the ketamine/xylazine anesthetized rat
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Experimental Eye Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4835 .- 1096-0007. ; 127, s. 179-183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine if topically applied caffeine influences pupil size in ketamine/xylazine anesthetized animals. Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, caffeine was topically applied to one of the eyes of 10 ketamine/xylazine anesthetized animals, while vehicle only was topically applied to the contralateral eye. In the second experiment, caffeine was topically applied to both eyes in one group of 10 ketamine/xylazine anesthetized rats, while in another group both eyes vehicle only was topically applied to both eyes. In both experiments pupil diameter was measured at 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 min after topical application. In three of the animals, the pupil was dilated with tropicamide 5 mg/ml at 60 min after the topical application of caffeine and the pupil diameter was measured. The first experiment showed a relative miosis in caffeine treated eyes as compared to the vehicle treated eye, that changed over time. The second experiment in line with the first experiment, also showed that topically applied caffeine causes a relative miosis as compared to vehicle only that changes over time. Eyes treated with caffeine reacted with quick dilatation after tropicamide application. Topical caffeine antagonizes ketamine/xylazine anesthesia induced mydriasis in a time dependent manner.
|
|
| 8. |
- Söderberg, Per, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Does infrared or ultraviolet light damage the lens?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Eye (London. 1987). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-222X .- 1476-5454. ; 30:2, s. 241-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In daylight, the human eye is exposed to long wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVR), visible radiation and short wavelength infrared radiation (IRR). Almost all the UVR and a fraction of the IRR waveband, respectively, left over after attenuation in the cornea, is absorbed in the lens. The time delay between exposure and onset of biological response in the lens varies from immediate-to-short-to-late. After exposure to sunlight or artificial sources, generating irradiances of the same order of magnitude or slightly higher, biological damage may occur photochemically or thermally. Epidemiological studies suggest a dose-dependent association between short wavelength UVR and cortical cataract. Experimental data infer that repeated daily in vivo exposures to short wavelength UVR generate photochemically induced damage in the lens, and that short delay onset cataract after UVR exposure is photochemically induced. Epidemiology suggests that daily high-intensity short wavelength IRR exposure of workers, is associated with a higher prevalence of age-related cataract. It cannot be excluded that this effect is owing to a thermally induced higher denaturation rate. Recent experimental data rule out a photochemical effect of 1090 nm in the lens but other wavelengths in the near IRR should be investigated.
|
|
| 9. |
- Söderberg, Per G., et al.
(författare)
-
Near infrared radiation damage mechanism in the lens
- 2015
-
Ingår i: OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES XXV. - : SPIE. - 9781628413977
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current data strongly indicates that there is no photochemical effect of in vivo exposure to 1090 nm near IRR radiation within the pupil. Four groups of 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally exposed in vivo to 96 W.cm(-2) centered inside the pupil for 10, 18, 33 and 60 min, respectively depending on group belonging. This resulted in radiant exposure doses of 57, 103, 198 and 344 kJ.cm(-2). Temperature evolution at the limbus during the exposure and difference of intensity of forward light scattering between the exposed and the contralateral not exposed eye was measured at 1 week after exposure. The temperature at the limbus was found to increase exponentially towards an asymptote with an asymptote temperature of around 7 degrees C and a time constant (1/k) of around 15 s. No increase of light scattering was found despite that the cumulated radiant exposure dose was [80; 250] times the threshold for photochemically induced cataract suggested by previous empirical data. It is concluded that at 1090 nm near IRR there is no photochemical effect.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
