| 1. |
- Chan, Fan Liang, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic Study of Catalytic Steam Gasification of Biomass by Using Reactive Flash Volatilisation
- 2015
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Ingår i: ChemCatChem. - : Wiley. - 1867-3880 .- 1867-3899. ; 7:8, s. 1329-1337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactive flash volatilisation is an autothermal process to convert biomass into tar-free synthesis gas under steam-rich conditions. This article studies the kinetics of reactive flash volatilisation by using Ni, Pt[BOND]Ni, Ru[BOND]Ni, Re[BOND]Ni, and Rh[BOND]Ni catalysts supported on alumina. The rates of mass loss of cellulose, xylan, and lignin were measured and compared with those of the synthetic biomass mixture and pinewood sawdust. The kinetic parameters were calculated with and without catalysts by using a wire-mesh isothermal thermogravimetric analyser in an equimolar steam/N2 atmosphere and high heating rates of 8.6×102, 1.1×103, and 1.3×104 °C min−1 at 700, 750, and 800 °C, respectively. The results revealed three distinct regimes of the rate of mass loss: pyrolytic decomposition, reforming, and char gasification. The catalysts increased the rate of mass loss in the reforming regime. Rh[BOND]Ni and Ru[BOND]Ni supported catalysts showed higher reforming rates than other catalysts. This study provides direct evidence of the in situ catalytic removal of tar during gasification of biomass
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| 2. |
- Hunt, Cameron J, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into substrate binding of ferulic acid esterases by arabinose and methyl hydroxycinnamate esters and molecular docking
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferulic acid esterases (FAE, EC 3.1.1.73) cleave the arabinose hydroxycinnamate ester in plant hemicellulose and other related substrates. FAE are commonly categorised as type A-D based on catalytic activities towards model, short alkyl chain esters of hydroxycinnamates. However, this system correlates poorly with sequence and structural features of the enzymes. In this study, we investigated the basis of the type A categorisation of an FAE from Aspergillus niger, AnFaeA, by comparing its activity toward methyl and arabinose hydroxycinnamate esters. kcat/Km ratios revealed that AnFaeA hydrolysed arabinose ferulate 1600-fold, and arabinose caffeate 6.5 times more efficiently than their methyl ester counterparts. Furthermore, small docking studies showed that while all substrates adopted a catalytic orientation with requisite proximity to the catalytic serine, methyl caffeate and methyl p-coumarate preferentially formed alternative non-catalytic conformations that were energetically favoured. Arabinose ferulate was unable to adopt the alternative conformation while arabinose caffeate preferred the catalytic orientation. This study demonstrates that use of short alkyl chain hydroxycinnnamate esters can result in activity misclassification. The findings of this study provide a basis for developing a robust classification system for FAE and form the basis of sequence-function relationships for this class.
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