| 1. |
- Targino, Admir C., et al.
(författare)
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Deterioration of air quality across Sweden due to transboundary agricultural burning emissions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Boreal environment research. - 1239-6095 .- 1797-2469. ; 18:1, s. 19-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Targino, A. C., Krecl, P., Johansson, C., Swietlicki, E., Massling, A., Coraiola, G. C. & Lihavainen, H. 2013: Deterioration of air quality across Sweden due to transboundary agricultural burning emissions. Boreal Env. Res. 18: 19-36. We analyzed measurements of aerosol and trace-gas concentrations from sites across Sweden before and during a series of agricultural wildland fires in eastern Europe in spring 2006. During the burning episodes, concentrations of background particulate matter (PM) and trace gases, such as carbon monoxide and ozone, increased, affecting air quality across the country and violating national air quality standards. The European Union PM10 daily limit value of 50 mu g m(-3) was exceeded during the pollution episodes even at the background stations, resulting in a nearly four-fold increase as compared with that in non-episode conditions. In relation to a non-episode period, the concentration rise in the accumulation-mode particles was from 40% at an urban site to 340% at a rural site, causing an increase in total particle number concentrations. The fires also boosted ground-level ozone, increasing concentrations of this pollutant by up to 100% at the background stations, which exceeded national air quality standards. Both elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC) levels increased, with OC making a larger contribution to the total carbonaceous concentrations during the biomass burning episodes. The large-scale atmospheric circulation determined the strength and timing of the pollution events, with the eastern and northern sectors of Sweden experiencing two pollution pulses, whilst sites in the western and southern sectors were affected by one shorter episode. The results show that regional air quality deteriorated due to the long-range transport of pollutants emitted during agricultural wildfires.
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| 2. |
- Krecl, Patricia, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term trends in nitrogen oxides concentrations and on-road vehicle emission factors in Copenhagen, London and Stockholm
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Road transport is the main anthropogenic source of NOx in Europe, affecting human health and ecosystems. Thus, mitigation policies have been implemented to reduce on-road vehicle emissions, particularly through the Euro standard limits. To evaluate the effectiveness of these policies, we calculated NO2 and NOx concentration trends using air quality and meteorological measurements conducted in three European cities over 26 years. These data were also employed to estimate the trends in NOx emission factors (EFNOx, based on inverse dispersion modeling) and NO2:NOx emission ratios for the vehicle fleets under real-world driving conditions. In the period 1998–2017, Copenhagen and Stockholm showed large reductions in both the urban background NOx concentrations (−2.1 and −2.6% yr−1, respectively) and EFNOx at curbside sites (68 and 43%, respectively), proving the success of the Euro standards in diminishing NOx emissions. London presented a modest decrease in urban background NOx concentrations (−1.3% yr−1), while EFNOx remained rather constant at the curbside site (Marylebone Road) due to the increase in public bus traffic. NO2 primary emissions —that are not regulated— increased until 2008–2010, which also reflected in the ambient concentrations. This increase was associated with a strong dieselization process and the introduction of new after-treatment technologies that targeted the emission reduction of other species (e.g., greenhouse gases or particulate matter). Thus, while regulations on ambient concentrations of specific species have positive effects on human health, the overall outcomes should be considered before widely adopting them. Emission inventories for the on-road transportation sector should include EFNOx derived from real-world measurements, particularly in urban settings.
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