| 1. |
- Acharya, B. S., et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the CTA concept
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 43, s. 3-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Ainsbury, Elizabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of new biological and physical retrospective dosimetry methods into EU emergency response plans - joint RENEB and EURADOS inter-laboratory comparisons
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 93:1, s. 99-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: RENEB, 'Realising the European Network of Biodosimetry and Physical Retrospective Dosimetry,' is a network for research and emergency response mutual assistance in biodosimetry within the EU. Within this extremely active network, a number of new dosimetry methods have recently been proposed or developed. There is a requirement to test and/or validate these candidate techniques and inter-comparison exercises are a well-established method for such validation. Materials and methods: The authors present details of inter-comparisons of four such new methods: dicentric chromosome analysis including telomere and centromere staining; the gene expression assay carried out in whole blood; Raman spectroscopy on blood lymphocytes, and detection of radiation induced thermoluminescent signals in glass screens taken from mobile phones. Results: In general the results show good agreement between the laboratories and methods within the expected levels of uncertainty, and thus demonstrate that there is a lot of potential for each of the candidate techniques. Conclusions: Further work is required before the new methods can be included within the suite of reliable dosimetry methods for use by RENEB partners and others in routine and emergency response scenarios.
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| 3. |
- Cheung, Mark C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE). II. Flares and Eruptions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 926:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current state-of-the-art spectrographs cannot resolve the fundamental spatial (subarcseconds) and temporal (less than a few tens of seconds) scales of the coronal dynamics of solar flares and eruptive phenomena. The highest-resolution coronal data to date are based on imaging, which is blind to many of the processes that drive coronal energetics and dynamics. As shown by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph for the low solar atmosphere, we need high-resolution spectroscopic measurements with simultaneous imaging to understand the dominant processes. In this paper: (1) we introduce the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE), a spaceborne observatory to fill this observational gap by providing high-cadence (<20 s), subarcsecond-resolution spectroscopic rasters over an active region size of the solar transition region and corona; (2) using advanced numerical models, we demonstrate the unique diagnostic capabilities of MUSE for exploring solar coronal dynamics and for constraining and discriminating models of solar flares and eruptions; (3) we discuss the key contributions MUSE would make in addressing the science objectives of the Next Generation Solar Physics Mission (NGSPM), and how MUSE, the high-throughput Extreme Ultraviolet Solar Telescope, and the Daniel K Inouye Solar Telescope (and other ground-based observatories) can operate as a distributed implementation of the NGSPM. This is a companion paper to De Pontieu et al., which focuses on investigating coronal heating with MUSE.
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| 4. |
- De Pontieu, Bart, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE). I. Coronal Heating
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 926:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE) is a proposed mission composed of a multislit extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrograph (in three spectral bands around 171 Å, 284 Å, and 108 Å) and an EUV context imager (in two passbands around 195 Å and 304 Å). MUSE will provide unprecedented spectral and imaging diagnostics of the solar corona at high spatial (≤05) and temporal resolution (down to ∼0.5 s for sit-and-stare observations), thanks to its innovative multislit design. By obtaining spectra in four bright EUV lines (Fe ix 171 Å, Fe xv 284 Å, Fe xix–Fe xxi 108 Å) covering a wide range of transition regions and coronal temperatures along 37 slits simultaneously, MUSE will, for the first time, "freeze" (at a cadence as short as 10 s) with a spectroscopic raster the evolution of the dynamic coronal plasma over a wide range of scales: from the spatial scales on which energy is released (≤05) to the large-scale (∼170'' × 170'') atmospheric response. We use numerical modeling to showcase how MUSE will constrain the properties of the solar atmosphere on spatiotemporal scales (≤05, ≤20 s) and the large field of view on which state-of-the-art models of the physical processes that drive coronal heating, flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) make distinguishing and testable predictions. We describe the synergy between MUSE, the single-slit, high-resolution Solar-C EUVST spectrograph, and ground-based observatories (DKIST and others), and the critical role MUSE plays because of the multiscale nature of the physical processes involved. In this first paper, we focus on coronal heating mechanisms. An accompanying paper focuses on flares and CMEs.
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| 5. |
- Kulka, Ulrike, et al.
(författare)
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RENEB - Running the European Network of biological dosimetry and physical retrospective dosimetry
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 93:1, s. 2-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: A European network was initiated in 2012 by 23 partners from 16 European countries with the aim to significantly increase individualized dose reconstruction in case of large-scale radiological emergency scenarios. Results: The network was built on three complementary pillars: (1) an operational basis with seven biological and physical dosimetric assays in ready-to-use mode, (2) a basis for education, training and quality assurance, and (3) a basis for further network development regarding new techniques and members. Techniques for individual dose estimation based on biological samples and/or inert personalized devices as mobile phones or smart phones were optimized to support rapid categorization of many potential victims according to the received dose to the blood or personal devices. Communication and cross-border collaboration were also standardized. To assure long-term sustainability of the network, cooperation with national and international emergency preparedness organizations was initiated and links to radiation protection and research platforms have been developed. A legal framework, based on a Memorandum of Understanding, was established and signed by 27 organizations by the end of 2015. Conclusions: RENEB is a European Network of biological and physical-retrospective dosimetry, with the capacity and capability to perform large-scale rapid individualized dose estimation. Specialized to handle large numbers of samples, RENEB is able to contribute to radiological emergency preparedness and wider large-scale research projects.
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| 6. |
- Moro, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound, macroscopic and histological features of malignant ovarian tumors
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. - : BMJ. - 1048-891X .- 1525-1438. ; 31:1, s. 150-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultrasound examination is considered to be the first line imaging method to diagnose an ovarian mass with a high degree of accuracy, discriminating between benign and malignant ovarian masses in the hands of experienced examiners. The International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group provided a standardized terminology of ovarian masses1 and suggested simple ultrasound rules that can be used to classify adnexal masses as benign or malignant.2 The IOTA group has also created logistic regression models (ie, ADNEX (Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa) model), including clinical and ultrasound information to calculate the likelihood of malignancy in adnexal masses. The IOTA ADNEX model estimates the likelihood not only of an adnexal mass being benign or malignant but also the likelihood that the mass is benign, borderline malignant, stage I primary invasive malignant, stage IIIV primary invasive malignant or a metastasis in the ovary from another primary tumor. 3 Recently, a consensus meeting including European and North American professionals developed a new risk model for the pre-operative assessment of adnexal masses, called O-RADS (Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System). The O-RADS ultrasound risk stratification and management system was designed to provide consistent interpretations, to decrease or eliminate ambiguity in ultrasound reports resulting in a higher probability of accuracy in assigning risk of malignancy to ovarian and other adnexal masses, and to provide a management recommendation for each risk category. 4 Moreover, during the past 15 years authors of the IOTA group have described the typical ultrasound appearance of several different adnexal pathologies, including various histotypes of malignancy, collected in the series of Imaging in gynecology papers. 510 Indeed, ovarian cancer includes several histological entities which can be grouped into four histological groups: epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors, stromal tumors and metastatic tumors. Each histopathological category is often characterized by some morphological typical features, as described in the textbooks of pathologists. In the pre-operative phase, ultrasound examination can enable assessment of these macroscopic aspects, thus providing a presumptive histological diagnosis. We present a video describing how to apply the simple ultrasound rules, the IOTA ADNEX model and the O-RADS model, and provides explanatory examples for each model.
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| 7. |
- Peca, Donatella, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and ultrastructural spectrum of diffuse lung disease associated with surfactant protein C mutations
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 23:8, s. 1033-1041
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic defects of surfactant metabolism are associated with a broad range of clinical manifestations, from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome to adult interstitial lung disease. Early therapies may improve symptoms but diagnosis is often delayed owing to phenotype and genotype variability. Our objective was to characterize the cellular/ultrastructural correlates of surfactant protein C (SP-C) mutations in children with idiopathic diffuse lung diseases. We sequenced SFTPC - the gene encoding SP-C - SFTPB and ABCA3, and analyzed morphology, ultrastructure and SP expression in lung tissue when available. We identified eight subjects who were heterozygous for SP-C mutations. Median age at onset and clinical course were variable. None of the mutations were located in the mature peptide-encoding region, but were either in the pro-protein BRICHOS or linker C-terminal domains. Although lung morphology was similar to other genetic surfactant metabolism disorders, electron microscopy studies showed specific anomalies, suggesting surfactant homeostasis disruption, plus trafficking defects in the four subjects with linker domain mutation and protein misfolding in the single BRICHOS mutation carrier in whom material was available. Immunolabeling studies showed increased proSP-C staining in all cases. In two cases, amyloid deposits could be identified. Immunochemistry and ultrastructural studies may be useful for diagnostic purposes and for genotype interpretation.
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| 8. |
- Pinto, Patrícia, et al.
(författare)
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Patient satisfaction with ultrasound, whole-body CT and whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI for pre-operative ovarian cancer staging : a multicenter prospective cross-sectional survey
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. - 1048-891X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In addition to the diagnostic accuracy of imaging methods, patient-reported satisfaction with imaging methods is important. Objective To report a secondary outcome of the prospective international multicenter Imaging Study in Advanced ovArian Cancer (ISAAC Study), detailing patients’ experience with abdomino-pelvic ultrasound, whole-body contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), and whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (WB-DWI/MRI) for pre-operative ovarian cancer work-up. Methods In total, 144 patients with suspected ovarian cancer at four institutions in two countries (Italy, Czech Republic) underwent ultrasound, CT, and WB-DWI/ MRI for pre-operative work-up between January 2020 and November 2022. After having undergone all three examinations, the patients filled in a questionnaire evaluating their overall experience and experience in five domains: preparation before the examination, duration of examination, noise during the procedure, radiation load of CT, and surrounding space. Pain perception, examination-related patient-perceived unexpected, unpleasant, or dangerous events (‘adverse events’), and preferred method were also noted. Results Ultrasound was the preferred method by 49% (70/144) of responders, followed by CT (38%, 55/144), and WB-DWI/MRI (13%, 19/144) (p<0.001). The poorest experience in all domains was reported for WB-DWI/ MRI, which was also associated with the largest number of patients who reported adverse events (eg, dyspnea). Patients reported higher levels of pain during the ultrasound examination than during CT and WB-DWI/MRI (p<0.001): 78% (112/144) reported no pain or mild pain, 19% (27/144) moderate pain, and 3% (5/144) reported severe pain (pain score >7 of 10) during the ultrasound examination. We did not identify any factors related to patients' preferred method.for diagnosing malignant ovarian tumors3 but has rarely been used for pre-operative ovarian cancer work-up.4–7 In 2022, the results of a prospective single-unit study indicated that ultrasound might be an alternative to CT and whole-body diffusion-weighted (WB-DWI)/ MRI for ovarian cancer work-up and prediction of tumor resectability.8 In the recently published European Society of Gynecological Oncology/European Society of Medical Oncology/European Society of Pathology (ESGO/ESMO/ESP) consensus conference recommendations on ovarian cancer, ultrasound is suggested to be an effective alternative to CT, MRI and PET-CT to assess tumor extent and tumor resectability in the pelvis and abdomen.2 In addition to diagnostic accuracy and costs of an imaging method, patient acceptance and preference are important before an imaging test is implemented in clinical practice.9 10 Although there is evidence regarding patients’ experience of and satisfaction with ultrasound,11 12 CT,13–17 and WB-DWI/MRI,16 18–20 little is known about how these three imaging modalities compare when applied in the same patient. Many factors can influence a patient’s experience with an imaging examination—for example, preparation for, and duration of, the examination; use of contrast agent (especially iodinated contrast agent); radiation dose (which depends on the duration of radiation exposure, distance from the radiation source, and physical shielding); noise, feeling of claustrophobia, and occurrence of unexpected unpleasant or dangerous events (adverse events).21–25 The aim of this study is to report a secondary outcome of the prospective, multicentric Imaging Study in Advanced ovArian Cancer (ISAAC Study)—namely, patients’ experience with ultrasound, CT, and WB-DWI/MRI for pre-operative estimation of the extent of ovarian cancer.
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