| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ahlstrand, Rebecca, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of cricoid pressure and remifentanil on the esophageal sphincters using high-resolution solid-state manometry
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 55:2, s. 209-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cricoid pressure has been shown to decrease the pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), increasing the risk of aspiration. Whether this reaction is due to pain associated with the application of cricoid pressure has not been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cricoid pressure with those of peripheral pain on pressures in the LES, and to study whether remifentanil influences these effects. Data from the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) are also described.METHODS: Continuous solid-state manometry was performed in 14 healthy volunteers. Initially, the effect of remifentanil (target-controlled infusion with a plasma target concentration of 5.0 ng/ml) was studied, and thereafter, the effects of cricoid pressure and peripheral pain stimulation (cold stimulation). Finally, these two interventions were repeated under ongoing remifentanil infusion.RESULTS: Remifentanil decreased the LES pressure significantly [ΔP-6.5 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -1.7 to -11.2]. Cricoid pressure application decreased the LES pressure significantly (ΔP-3.7 mmHg, 95% CI -1.4 to 6.1), whereas peripheral pain did not (ΔP 1.2 mmHg, 95% CI -3.5 to 1.1). Under ongoing remifentanil infusion, no cricoid pressure-induced LES relaxation was observed. Cricoid pressure induced high pressures in the area of the UES, 215.7 (±91.2) mmHg without remifentanil vs. 219.4 (±74.2) mmHg with remifentanil.CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil as well as cricoid pressure per se induced decreases in LES pressure. However, cricoid pressure-induced changes of the barrier pressure were not significant whether induced with or without an infusion of remifentanil.
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| 3. |
- Ahlstrand, Rebecca, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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High resolution solid-state manometry of the effect of rocuronium on esophagogastric junction integrity
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is partly dependent on striated muscles derived from the crural portion of the diaphragm. The effect of neuromuscular blockade on the integrity of the esophagogastric junction is not well studied. We conducted a prospective interventional study to determine the effect of rocuronium on the pressure in the LES and the barrier pressure (LES pressure – intra gastric pressure). We also studied the effect of positive pressure ventilation on the barrier pressure after neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium.Methods: Fourteen patients classified as ASA I or II (aged 18-75 years) who presented for elective surgery (11 cholecystectomy, 3 inguinal hernia) participated in the study. Esophageal manometry was performed after anesthetization with propofol, fentanyl and sevoflurane. After the insertion of a laryngeal mask airway, the patients breathed spontaneously for one minute. Rocuronium was administrated and the patients observed during the onset of apnea and during one minute of apnea and complete neuromuscular blockade. Volume controlled positive pressure ventilation followed.Results: Muscle relaxation with rocuronium showed no significant changes in barrier pressure comparing the pressure immediately before rocuronium administration with the pressure obtained at the time point of 0% TOF. Conversion to positive pressure ventilation did not change the barrier pressure with inspiration or expiration. The greatest decrease in barrier pressure was measured after inducing anesthesia when comparing pressures during inspiration (P< 0.01)
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| 4. |
- Ahlstrand, Rebecca, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Integrity of the esophagogastric junction during propofol induction with and without remifentanil : a double-blind,randomized, crossover study in volunteers
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Context: Practice varies regarding the use of opioids during rapid sequence induction. Controversy exists as to whether opioids may increase the risk of pulmonary aspiration by decreasing the barrier pressure (lower oesophageal sphincter pressure – intragastric pressure).Objectives: To evaluate the effects of adding alfentanil during anaesthesia induction with propofol with respect to the barrier pressure in the oesophagogastric junction.Participants and Setting: Seventeen healthy volunteers (11 males and 6 females) participated in a double-blind, randomised, crossover trial at the University Hospital in Örebro, Sweden.Interventions and outcome measures: The volunteers were anaesthetised on two different occasions, randomly assigned to receive either alfentanil 20 g kg ˉ1 or an equivalent amount of saline, administered intravenously, one minute before induction with propofol 2 mg kg ˉ1. One minute after propofol administration, a cricoid pressure of 30N was applied. The primary outcome was the difference in the change in barrier pressure between the alfentanil and the placebo occasion one minute after propofol administration. The secondary outcomes were differences in the changes in barrier pressure one minute after alfentanil or placebo administration and during ongoing cricoid pressure application.Results: There were no statistically significant differences in barrier pressure, at any time point, between anaesthesia induction with alfentanil and propofol compared with induction with placebo and propofol. The barrier pressure never decreased to less than 2.4 mmHg in any volunteer.Conclusion: Our study showed no increased risk regarding the integrity of the gastrooesophageal junction when alfentanil is added during an induction with propofol in volunteers. This supports the practice of adding opioids as adjuvants during rapid sequence induction.
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Patric, et al.
(författare)
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Betamethasone does not prevent nausea and vomiting induced by the dopamine-agonist apomorphine
- 2006
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. - 0832-610X .- 1496-8975. ; 53:4, s. 370-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The mechanism of the antiemetic actions of corticosteroids is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if betamethasone can prevent nausea, vomiting or increase of vasopressin induced by apomorphine. Metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, was used as a control substance. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers were studied on three occasions. In a randomized order they were allocated to receive pretreatment with betamethasone 8 mg iv, metoclopramide 10 mg iv, and normal saline 2 mL as placebo on the three different occasions, 15 min before the administration of apomorphine 30 microg x kg(-1) s.c.. After administration of apomorphine, episodes of vomiting were recorded, and the intensity of nausea was estimated by the subject on a visual analogue scale (VAS 0-10 cm). Blood samples for analysis of plasma concentrations of vasopressin were analyzed. RESULTS: One volunteer decided to withdraw, as he experienced akathisia after receiving metoclopramide. During the first two hours after apomorphine, eight of nine volunteers vomited both after betamethasone and placebo. One volunteer did not vomit after betamethasone and placebo but he experienced nausea. None of the volunteers vomited after metoclopramide (P < 0.01 vs betamethasone and placebo). The maximum VAS for nausea was significantly higher after betamethasone and placebo compared to metoclopramide (P < 0.01). The vasopressin levels increased after betamethasone and placebo, but there was no increase in any volunteer after pretreatment with metoclopramide. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that betamethasone does not prevent nausea, vomiting and increase of vasopressin induced by apomorphine, whereas metoclopramide prevents apomorphine-induced emesis. Our work suggests that betamethasone does not have dopamine-antagonistic effects.
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| 6. |
- Benesch, Henric, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Ingreppsfestival
- 2010
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Ingår i: Kanaltorgsgatan, Heurlins plats, Stenpiren, Verkstadsgatan (Göteborg).
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I samband med det forskningsprojektet Ingrepp genomfördes en Ingreppfestival med avseende på att i ett öppet publikt sammanhang diskutera utgångspunkterna forskningsgruppen formulerat i tabloiden Ingrepp – en tidning om städer, planering och konst, vilket delades ut gratis en vecka innan festivalen. I tidningen hittade man läsning kring städer, stadsutveckling, konst och konstnärlig forskning vilken hade bäring på den utvecklingsprocess som pågick och pågår på Södra Älvstranden i Göteborg. Både tabloiden och festivalen var ett direkt uttryck för gruppen vilja att ta ut diskussionen på gatan och i sitt sammanhang, men också ett sätt att pröva konstens och akademins möjligheter att gripa in och delta i samhälleliga skeenden. Festivalen vilken turnerade runt på fyra platser under fyra dagar längs Södra Älvstranden innefattade allt ifrån inbjudna samtal/debatter/seminarier till workshops kring Södra Älvstrandens framtid till tipspromenader, picnics och olika former av performativa iscensättningar under bar himmel.
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| 7. |
- Carlund, Olivia, et al.
(författare)
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Semimethylation is a feature of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and subgroups with poor prognosis are characterized by global hypomethylation and short telomere length
- 2024
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Ingår i: Clinical Epigenetics. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1868-7083. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) is the most common lymphoma and is known to be a biologically heterogeneous disease regarding genetic, phenotypic, and clinical features. Although the prognosis is good, one-third has a primary refractory or relapsing disease which underscores the importance of developing predictive biological markers capable of identifying high- and low-risk patients. DNA methylation (DNAm) and telomere maintenance alterations are hallmarks of cancer and aging. Both these alterations may contribute to the heterogeneity of the disease, and potentially influence the prognosis of LBCL.Results: We studied the DNAm profiles (Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip) and relative telomere lengths (RTL) with qPCR of 93 LBCL cases: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (DLBCL, n = 66), High-grade B-cell lymphoma (n = 7), Primary CNS lymphoma (n = 8), and transformation of indolent B-cell lymphoma (n = 12). There was a substantial methylation heterogeneity in DLBCL and other LBCL entities compared to normal cells and other B-cell neoplasms. LBCL cases had a particularly aberrant semimethylated pattern (0.15 ≤ β ≤ 0.8) with large intertumor variation and overall low hypermethylation (β > 0.8). DNAm patterns could not be used to distinguish between germinal center B-cell-like (GC) and non-GC DLBCL cases. In cases treated with R-CHOP-like regimens, a high percentage of global hypomethylation (β < 0.15) was in multivariable analysis associated with worse disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR 6.920, 95% CI 1.499–31.943) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 4.923, 95% CI 1.286–18.849) in DLBCL and with worse DSS (HR 5.147, 95% CI 1.239–21.388) in LBCL. These cases with a high percentage of global hypomethylation also had a higher degree of CpG island methylation, including islands in promoter-associated regions, than the cases with less hypomethylation. Additionally, telomere length was heterogenous in LBCL, with a subset of the DLBCL-GC cases accounting for the longest RTL. Short RTL was independently associated with worse DSS (HR 6.011, 95% CI 1.319–27.397) and PFS (HR 4.689, 95% CI 1.102–19.963) in LBCL treated with R-CHOP-like regimens.Conclusion: We hypothesize that subclones with high global hypomethylation and hypermethylated CpG islands could have advantages in tumor progression, e.g. by inactivating tumor suppressor genes or promoting treatment resistance. Our findings suggest that cases with high global hypomethylation and thus poor prognosis could be candidates for alternative treatment regimens including hypomethylating drugs.
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| 8. |
- de Leon, A., et al.
(författare)
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Body positions and esophageal sphincter pressures in obese patients during anesthesia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 54:4, s. 458-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) play a central role in preventing regurgitation and aspiration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the UES, LES and barrier pressures (BP) in obese patients before and during anesthesia in different body positions.Methods: Using high-resolution solid-state manometry, we studied 17 patients (27-63 years) with a BMI>or=35 kg/m(2) who were undergoing a laparoscopic bariatric surgery before and after anesthesia induction. Before anesthesia, the subjects were placed in the supine position, in the reverse Trendelenburg position (+20 degrees) and in the Trendelenburg position (-20 degrees). Thereafter, anesthesia was induced with remifentanil and propofol and maintained with remifentanil and sevoflurane, and the recordings in the different positions were repeated.Results: Before anesthesia, there were no differences in UES pressure in the different positions but compared with the other positions, it increased during the reverse Trendelenburg during anesthesia. LES pressure decreased in all body positions during anesthesia. The LES pressure increased during the Trendelenburg position before but not during anesthesia. The BP remained positive in all body positions both before and during anesthesia.Conclusion: LES pressure increased during the Trendelenburg position before anesthesia. This effect was abolished during anesthesia. LES and BPs decreased during anesthesia but remained positive in all patients regardless of the body position.
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| 9. |
- de Leon, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of different respiratory maneuvers on esophageal sphincters in obese patients before and during anesthesia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 54:10, s. 1204-1209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Data on esophageal sphincters in obese individuals during anesthesia are sparse. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different respiratory maneuvers on the pressures in the esophagus and esophageal sphincters before and during anesthesia in obese patients.Methods: Seventeen patients, aged 28-68 years, with a BMI >= 35 kg/m2, who were undergoing a laparoscopic gastric by-pass surgery, were studied, and pressures from the hypopharynx to the stomach were recorded using high-resolution solid-state manometry. Before anesthesia, recordings were performed during normal spontaneous breathing, Valsalva and forced inspiration. The effects of anesthesia induction with remifentanil and propofol were evaluated, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 10 cmH(2)O was applied during anesthesia.Results: During spontaneous breathing, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was significantly lower during end-expiration compared with end-inspiration (28.5 +/- 7.7 vs. 35.4 +/- 10.8 mmHg, P < 0.01), but barrier pressure (BrP) and intra-gastric pressure (IGP) were unchanged. LES, BrP (P < 0.05) and IGP (P < 0.01) decreased significantly during anesthesia. BrP remained positive in all patients. IGP increased during Valsalva (P < 0.01) but was unaffected by PEEP. Esophageal pressures were positive during both spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation. Esophageal pressures increased during PEEP from 9.4 +/- 3.8 to 11.3 +/- 3.3 mmHg (P < 0.01).Conclusion: During spontaneous breathing, the LES pressure was the lowest during end-expiration but there were no differences in BrP and IGP. LES, BrP and IGP decreased during anesthesia but BrP remained positive in all patients. During the application of PEEP, esophageal pressures increased and this may have a protective effect against regurgitation.
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| 10. |
- de Leon, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of propofol on oesophageal sphincters : a study on young and elderly volunteers using high-resolution solid-state manometry
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0265-0215 .- 1365-2346. ; 28:4, s. 273-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The oesophageal sphincters play an important role in protecting the airway. During manometric studies, administration of an anxiolytic agent is often required to make insertion of the catheter acceptable for the patient. The anxiolytic should not affect the results of the measurements. This study evaluates the effects of two different doses of propofol on the pressures in the oesophageal sphincters. The effect of increased abdominal pressure was also studied.METHODS:Twenty healthy volunteers, 10 young (mean age 25 years) and 10 elderly (mean age 71 years), were recruited. The effects of a low dose of propofol [0.3 mg kg(-1) intravenously (i.v.)] and a high dose of propofol (young group 0.9 mg kg(-1) i.v. and elderly group 0.6 mg kg(-1) i.v.) were studied with and without external abdominal pressure.RESULTS:There were no statistically significant changes in lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) pressure after the low dose of propofol. After the high dose, there was an increase in LOS pressure, which was statistically significant in the young group (P < 0.05). The upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) pressure decreased after both doses of propofol (P < 0.01 for the higher dose and P < 0.05 for the lower dose).CONCLUSION:A low dose of propofol (0.3 mg kg(-1) i.v.) leaves the LOS unaffected in young and elderly volunteers and can be used safely as an anxiolytic agent during studies of the LOS without influencing the results. However, the UOS is more sensitive to the effects of propofol and we do not recommend the use of propofol as an anxiolytic agent during manometric studies of the UOS.
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