| 1. |
- Marques, Luciana, et al.
(author)
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Categorizing shared photovoltaic business models in renewable markets : An approach based on CANVAS and transaction costs
- 2023
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In: Energy Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4847. ; 10, s. 1602-1617
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shared Photovoltaic (PV) business models enable a broader percentage of consumers to benefit from renewable energy because installation and transaction costs are significantly decreased. Designing these shared and community-based business models can contribute to help countries achieve emission reduction targets, particularly in developing countries. A systematization in different categories of how these business models can improve the awareness of opportunities and barriers to such models, including the identification of potential models is yet to be explored in a specific market. This paper proposes such categorization and discusses different shared PV business models observed in this sector, discussing the main similarities and differences of each one based on the CANVAS business model methodology. Further, this paper analyzes these categories in terms of how the decrease in transaction costs from the consumers’ perspective would help to deliver value. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed categorization to existing models in Brazilian and Indian markets, defining which business model categories are more adherent to this market. Moreover, we discuss possible innovative models yet to be applied to these developing countries and barriers to be overcome. It was identified that major existing business models are feasible for both India and Brazil, however, regulatory hindrances needs to be addressed beforehand.
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| 2. |
- Abid, Hamza, et al.
(author)
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Energy storage integration with solar PV for increased electricity access: A case study of Burkina Faso
- 2021
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 230:120656, s. 120656-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electricity access remains a challenge for the majority of the West African countries, wherein 5 out of 16 have an electrification rate of less than 25%, with Burkina Faso having only 9% of the rural population with electricity access in 2017. This study presents a techno-economic feasibility analysis of solar PV system integration with conceptualized Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) and electric batteries for Burkina Faso. The study explores two cases (a) an off-grid PV with a storage system for rural areas and (b) a grid-connected PV system for an urban location. The least-cost configuration of PV with feasible storage is investigated using HOMER. The results show that Solar PV with PHS remains the optimal system configuration for both rural and urban cases even when the construction costs of lower and upper reservoirs are considered. Battery energy storage systems remain an economically expensive solution even when the added costs of pumped hydro storage are included, owing to the low lifetime and high capital costs of battery storage. The capital cost of PV remains to be the most dominating factor for both cases, signifying the importance of policy interventions for cost reduction of PV for increased green electrification in West African countries.
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| 3. |
- Agrawal, Tarun Kumar, et al.
(author)
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Enabling circularity of electric vehicle batteries-the need for appropriate traceability
- 2021
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In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Technology Management, Operations and Decisions, ICTMOD 2021. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the increased electrification of transportation, there is a growth in the number of electric vehicles (EV) in use, and hence also discarded EV batteries. It is critical to trace the batteries so that the policy of electrification does not lead to a negative impact on sustainability. To achieve the goals of circular economy, it is necessary to consider the sustainable extended life cycle strategies of reduce, reuse and recycle. Information gathering and sharing through the supply chain is the key driver for enabling the tracking and tracing of materials and services needed. Traceability indicators across the value chain may enable the creation of a comprehensive database that aids the circular economy goals. In this study, we discuss three different circular economy business models and identify the key traceability indicators for enabling circularity in the lithium-ion battery application in the automotive sector. Insights are used to develop a framework for viable EV battery circularity, capturing three key circular economy elements and four traceability characteristics for different circularity types.
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| 4. |
- Colarullo, Linda, et al.
(author)
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Second-life EV batteries for stationary storage applications in Local Energy Communities
- 2022
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In: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 169
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alongside the concern for environmental sustainability, the concept of Circular Economy, a term for an economic system designed to regenerate itself, has gained momentum. Circularity finds full expression in Local Energy Communities (LEC), a newly emerging setup wherein the local energy needs of a community are met independently, through the choice of shared solutions for energy production from renewable sources. Erstwhile the use of stationary energy storage systems for self-consumption optimization, load management, peak shaving, backup power and ancillary services, would foster the value of these Local Energy Communities. In this paper, we design a techno-economic analysis to assess the impact of the usage of Second-life Batteries for increasing the energy self-independence of those communities. A cost-minimization approach with technical and economic constraints is used for the analysis and is applied to a use case of Italy. This paper assesses the benefits that a Local Energy Community can entail while considering self-consumption maximization of PV generation, load shifting and grid balancing needs, while addressing the problem of high storage costs through the exploitation of second-life electric vehicles (EV) batteries, adding an extra layer for circularity. Scenarios related to maximizing the selfconsumption of photovoltaic generation and demand side management are designed considering four different LEC technology configurations. The results confirm LEC viability, showing lower energy bills for each scenario and greater benefits coupling a solar generation system with a storage solution.
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| 5. |
- Cording, Enzo, et al.
(author)
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FleetRL: Realistic reinforcement learning environments for commercial vehicle fleets
- 2024
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In: SoftwareX. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-7110. ; 26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reinforcement Learning for EV charging optimization has gained significant academic attention in recent years, due to its ability to handle uncertainty, non-linearity, and real-time problem-solving. While the number of articles published on the matter has surged, the number of open-source environments for EV charging optimization remains small, and a research gap still exists when it comes to customizable frameworks for commercial vehicle fleets. To bridge the gap between research and real-world deployment of RL-based charging optimization, this paper introduces FleetRL as the first customizable RL environment for fleet charging optimization. Researchers and fleet operators can easily adapt the framework to fit their use-cases, and assess the impact of RL-based charging on economic feasibility, battery degradation, and operations.
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| 6. |
- Curiel, Jose Adrian Rama, et al.
(author)
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A novel approach for Direct Load Control of residential air conditioners for Demand Side Management in developing regions
- 2022
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 258, s. 124763-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The rapid growth of air conditioners (ACs) in developing regions exacerbates some of the issues present in their electricity systems. Direct Load Control strategies can manage peak loads for optimizing energy usage for users and utilities. When applied to air conditioning, these strategies can be used for Demand Side Management which has not been fully explored for developing regions. In this paper a novel Direct Load Control mechanism is proposed, wherein control is based on technical constraints (generation capacity). To determine the effects of the proposed mechanism, a case study of the Indian State of Karnataka is carried out. The results indicate 0.88% energy savings and a reduction of almost 2% in regional peak loads in a state where only around 5% of all households have AC units. The case study shows that an AC Direct Load Control can have significant economic and environmental impacts, and can help improve current energy, water and climate issues. Continuous improvements in both energy access and economic conditions of developing regions are leading to a larger number of AC???s installed, meaning that a mechanism that enables sustainable AC consumption could be of great use for all the stakeholders in the developing countries??? electricity sectors.
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| 7. |
- da Silva, Hendrigo Batista, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of Residential Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems Diffusion in India through a Bass Model Approach
- 2022
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In: JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY WATER AND ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS-JSDEWES. - : International Centre for Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems SDEWES. - 1848-9257. ; 10:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, the analysis of the diffusion of photovoltaic systems is performed using the Bass model. The historical data of installed rooftop photovoltaics are not enough for the model, as the installation of photovoltaics was almost non-existent; hence data of solar water heaters are utilised to calculate the parameters for the model. The trajectory of growth for solar water heaters in the market presents a congruence for the growth of solar photovoltaics due to inherent similarities in the technologies and their application. India was used as a case study of the application of this borrowing approach in a market where PV is also used to provide electricity to local communities. Data from India's solar water heater market were used, indicating an innovator parameter of 0.00105 and an imitator parameter of 0.12219. The study is significant as it forecasts the diffusion of photovoltaics in the market, which is essential for achieving India's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions goals and Renewable Energy targets. The results indicate that residential rooftop photovoltaic diffusion will tend to present slower in India than in other markets if no additional policies are implemented to foster this market.
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| 8. |
- Dautel, Jan Lukas, et al.
(author)
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Enabling industrial decarbonization: A MILP optimization model for low-carbon hydrogen supply chains
- 2024
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In: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 77, s. 863-891
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study develops a an optimization model focused on the layout and dispatch of a low-carbon hydrogen supply chain. The objective is to identify the lowest Levelized Cost of Hydrogen for a given demand. The model considers various elements, including electricity supply from the local grid and renewable sources (photovoltaic and wind), alongside hydrogen production, compression, storage, and transportation to end users. Applied to an industrial case study in Sweden, the findings indicate that the major cost components are linked to electricity generation and investment in electrolyzers, with the LCOH reaching 5.2 EUR/kgH2 under typical demand conditions. Under scenarios with higher peak demands and greater demand volatility, the LCOH increases to 6.8 EUR/kgH2 due to the need for additional renewable energy capacity. These results highlight the critical impact of electricity availability and demand fluctuations on the LCOH, emphasizing the complex interdependencies within the hydrogen supply chain. This study provides valuable insights into the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of adopting hydrogen as an energy carrier for renewable electricity in the context of decarbonizing industrial processes in the energy system.
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| 9. |
- Dogliani, Pietro, et al.
(author)
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Multi-option analytical modeling of levelized costs across various hydrogen supply chain nodes
- 2024
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In: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 70, s. 737-755
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hydrogen is envisioned to become a fundamental energy vector for the decarbonization of energy systems. Two key factors that will define the success of hydrogen are its sustainability and competitiveness with alternative solutions. One of the many challenges for the proliferation of hydrogen is the creation of a sustainable supply chain. In this study, a methodology aimed at assessing the economic feasibility of holistic hydrogen supply chains is developed. Based on the designed methodology, a tool which calculates the levelized cost of hydrogen for the different stages of its supply chain: production, transmission & distribution, storage and conversion is proposed. Each stage is evaluated individually, combining relevant technical and economic notions such as learning curves and scaling factors. Subsequently, the findings from each stage are combined to assess the entire supply chain as a whole. The tool is then applied to evaluate case studies of various supply chains, including large-scale remote and small-scale distributed green hydrogen supply chains, as well as conventional steam methane reforming coupled with carbon capture and storage technologies. The results show that both green hydrogen supply chains and conventional methods can achieve a competitive LCOH of around €4/kg in 2030. However, the key contribution of this study is the development of the tool, which provides a foundation for a comprehensive evaluation of hydrogen supply chains that can be continuously improved through the inputs of additional users and further research on one or more of the interconnected stages.
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| 10. |
- Elberry, Ahmed M., et al.
(author)
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Large-scale compressed hydrogen storage as part of renewable electricity storage systems
- 2021
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In: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 46:29, s. 15671-15690
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Storing energy in the form of hydrogen is a promising green alternative. Thus, there is a high interest to analyze the status quo of the different storage options. This paper focuses on the large-scale compressed hydrogen storage options with respect to three categories: storage vessels, geological storage, and other underground storage alternatives. In this study, we investigated a wide variety of compressed hydrogen storage technologies, discussing in fair detail their theory of operation, potential, and challenges. The analysis confirms that a techno-economic chain analysis is required to evaluate the viability of one storage option over another for a case by case. Some of the discussed technologies are immature; however, this does not rule out these technologies; rather, it portrays the research opportunities in the field and the foreseen potential of these technologies. Furthermore, we see that hydrogen would have a significant role in balancing intermittent renewable electricity production. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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