| 1. |
- Ebert, Lars C, et al.
(författare)
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You Cant Touch This: Touch-free Navigation Through Radiological Images
- 2012
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Ingår i: Surgical Innovation. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1553-3506 .- 1553-3514. ; 19:3, s. 301-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Keyboards, mice, and touch screens are a potential source of infection or contamination in operating rooms, intensive care units, and autopsy suites. The authors present a low-cost prototype of a system, which allows for touch-free control of a medical image viewer. This touch-free navigation system consists of a computer system (IMac, OS X 10.6 Apple, USA) with a medical image viewer (OsiriX, OsiriX foundation, Switzerland) and a depth camera (Kinect, Microsoft, USA). They implemented software that translates the data delivered by the camera and a voice recognition software into keyboard and mouse commands, which are then passed to OsiriX. In this feasibility study, the authors introduced 10 medical professionals to the system and asked them to re-create 12 images from a CT data set. They evaluated response times and usability of the system compared with standard mouse/keyboard control. Users felt comfortable with the system after approximately 10 minutes. Response time was 120 ms. Users required 1.4 times more time to re-create an image with gesture control. Users with OsiriX experience were significantly faster using the mouse/keyboard and faster than users without prior experience. They rated the system 3.4 out of 5 for ease of use in comparison to the mouse/keyboard. The touch-free, gesture-controlled system performs favorably and removes a potential vector for infection, protecting both patients and staff. Because the camera can be quickly and easily integrated into existing systems, requires no calibration, and is low cost, the barriers to using this technology are low.
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| 2. |
- Jackowski, Christian, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative MRI in Isotropic Spatial Resolution for Forensic Soft Tissue Documentation. Why and How?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Blackwell. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 56:1, s. 208-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A quantification of T1, T2, and PD in high isotropic resolution was performed on corpses. Isotropic and quantified postmortem magnetic resonance (IQpmMR) enables sophisticated 3D postprocessing, such as reformatting and volume rendering. The body tissues can be characterized by the combination of these three values. The values of T1, T2, and PD were given as coordinates in a T1-T2-PD space where similar tissue voxels formed clusters. Implementing in a volume rendering software enabled color encoding of specific tissues and pathologies in 3D models of the corpse similar to computed tomography, but with distinctively more powerful soft tissue discrimination. From IQpmMR data, any image plane at any contrast weighting may be calculated or 3D color-encoded volume rendering may be carried out. The introduced approach will enable future computer-aided diagnosis that, e.g., checks corpses for a hemorrhage distribution based on the knowledge of its T1-T2-PD vector behavior in a high spatial resolution.
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| 3. |
- Jackowski, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Scenes from the past - Common and unexpected findings in mummies from ancient Egypt and South America as revealed by CT
- 2008
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Ingår i: Radiographics. - : Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). - 0271-5333 .- 1527-1323. ; 28:5, s. 1477-1492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computed tomography (CT) has proved to be a valuable investigative tool for mummy research and is the method of choice for examining mummies. It allows for noninvasive insight, especially with virtual endoscopy, which reveals detailed information about the mummy's sex, age, constitution, injuries, health, and mummification techniques used. CT also supplies three-dimensional information about the scanned object. Mummification processes can be summarized as "artificial," when the procedure was performed on a body with the aim of preservation, or as "natural," when the body's natural environment resulted in preservation. The purpose of artificial mummification was to preserve that person's morphologic features by delaying or arresting the decay of the body. The ancient Egyptians are most famous for this. Their use of evisceration followed by desiccation with natron (a compound of sodium salts) to halt putrefaction and prevent rehydration was so effective that their embalmed bodies have survived for nearly 4500 years. First, the body was cleaned with a natron solution, then internal organs were removed through the cribriform plate and abdomen. The most important, and probably the most lengthy, phase was desiccation. After the body was dehydrated, the body cavities were rinsed and packed to restore the body's former shape. Finally, the body was wrapped. Animals were also mummified to provide food for the deceased, to accompany the deceased as pets, because they were seen as corporal manifestations of deities, and as votive offerings. Artificial mummification was performed on every continent, especially in South and Central America. (C) RSNA, 2008 . radiographics.rsnajnls.org.
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| 4. |
- Jackowski, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Whole body postmortem angiography with a high viscosity contrast agent solution using poly ethylene glycol as contrast agent dissolver
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 53:2, s. 465-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postmortem minimal invasive angiography has already been implemented to support virtual autopsy examinations. An experimental approach in a porcine model to overcome an initially described artificial tissue edema artifact by using a poly ethylene glycol (PEG) containing contrast agent solution showed promising results. The present publication describes the first application of PEG in a whole corpse angiographic CT examination. A minimal invasive postmortem CT angiography was performed in a human corpse utilizing the high viscosity contrast agent solution containing 65% of PEG. Injection was carried out via the femoral artery into the aortic root in simulated cardiac output conditions. Subsequent CT scanning delivered the 3D volume data of the whole corpse. Visualization of the human arterial anatomy was excellent and the contrast agent distribution was generally limited to the arterial system as intended. As exceptions an enhancement of the brain, the left ventricular myocardium and the renal cortex became obvious. This most likely represented the stage of centralization of the blood circulation at the time of death with dilatation of the precapillary arterioles within these tissues. Especially for the brain this resulted in a distinctively improved visualization of the intracerebral structures by CT. However, the general tissue edema artifact of postmortem minimal invasive angiography examinations could be distinctively reduced. © 2008 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.
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| 5. |
- Ross, Steffen, et al.
(författare)
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Postmortem Whole-Body MRI in Traumatic Causes of Death
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Roentgenology. - : American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS). - 0361-803X .- 1546-3141. ; 199:6, s. 1186-1192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of postmortem whole-body MRI for typical injuries resulting from traumatic causes of death.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty cases of accidental death were evaluated with postmortem whole-body MRI. Imaging was conducted according to a standard protocol, and each examination had an average duration of 90 minutes. The imaging findings were correlated with the autopsy findings, which served as the reference standard.RESULTS:MRI showed the main pathologic process leading to death in 39 of the 40 cases. The sensitivity of postmortem MRI ranged from 100% (pneumothorax) to 40% (fractures of the upper extremities). In general, MRI had a high level of performance for depicting soft-tissue lesions, such as subcutaneous hematoma (e.g., galeal hematoma with a sensitivity 95%). The sensitivity of MRI was remarkably lower for lesions of the upper abdominal organs (liver, 80%; spleen, 50%; pancreas, 60%; kidneys, 66%).CONCLUSION:Postmortem whole-body MRI had overall good performance for depicting traumatic findings in corpses and therefore may serve an important role as an adjunct to classic autopsy for the forensic examination of cases of traumatic cause of death. However, the reduced sensitivity of postmortem MRI for lacerations of the upper abdominal organs and the observed superimposition of antemortem findings and postmortem findings (e.g., in the pulmonary tissue) in this retrospective study suggest that whole-body postmortem MRI not be recommended as a replacement for classic autopsy.
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| 6. |
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