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- Edlmann, E, et al.
(författare)
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Dex-CSDH randomised, placebo-controlled trial of dexamethasone for chronic subdural haematoma: report of the internal pilot phase
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1, s. 5885-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Dex-CSDH trial is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dexamethasone for patients with a symptomatic chronic subdural haematoma. The trial commenced with an internal pilot, whose primary objective was to assess the feasibility of multi-centre recruitment. Primary outcome data collection and safety were also assessed, whilst maintaining blinding. We aimed to recruit 100 patients from United Kingdom Neurosurgical Units within 12 months. Trial participants were randomised to a 2-week course of dexamethasone or placebo in addition to receiving standard care (which could include surgery). The primary outcome measure of the trial is the modified Rankin Scale at 6 months. This pilot recruited ahead of target; 100 patients were recruited within nine months of commencement. 47% of screened patients consented to recruitment. The primary outcome measure was collected in 98% of patients. No safety concerns were raised by the independent data monitoring and ethics committee and only five patients were withdrawn from drug treatment. Pilot trial data can inform on the design and resource provision for substantive trials. This internal pilot was successful in determining recruitment feasibility. Excellent follow-up rates were achieved and exploratory outcome measures were added to increase the scientific value of the trial.
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- Andersson, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental evaluation of inspection and testing for detection of design faults
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings 2003 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering. ISESE 2003. - 0769520022 ; , s. 174-184
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two most common strategies for verification and validation, inspection and testing, are in a controlled experiment evaluated in terms of their fault detection capabilities. These two techniques are in the previous work compared applied to code. In order to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of these techniques on a higher abstraction level than code, this experiment investigates inspection of design documents and testing of the corresponding program, to detect faults originating from the design document. Usage-based reading (UBR) and usage-based testing (UBT) were chosen for inspections and testing, respectively. These techniques provide similar aid to the reviewers as to the testers. The purpose of both fault detection techniques is to focus the inspection and testing from a user's viewpoint. The experiment was conducted with 51 Master's students in a two-factor blocked design; each student applied each technique once, each application on different versions of the same program. The two versions contained different sets of faults, including 13 and 14 faults, respectively. The general results from this study show that when the two groups of subjects are combined, the efficiency and effectiveness are significantly higher for usage-based reading and that testing tends to require more learning. Rework is not taken into account, thus the experiment indicates strong support for design inspection over testing
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| 7. |
- Berggård, T, et al.
(författare)
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Prothrombin, albumin and immunoglobulin A form covalent complexes with alpha1-microglobulin in human plasma
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 245:3, s. 83-676
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecules containing the 33-kDa plasma protein alpha1-microglobulin were isolated from human plasma by anti-(alpha1-microglobulin) affinity chromatography. Five major bands could be seen after electrophoretic separation of the alpha1-microglobulin-containing proteins under native conditions. Immunoblotting demonstrated alpha1-microglobulin in all five bands. Two of these have been described previously: free alpha1-microglobulin and alpha1-microglobulin complexed with IgA (IgA x alpha1-microglobulin). The other three bands were identified as prothrombin alpha1-microglobulin, albumin x alpha1-microglobulin and dimeric alpha1-microglobulin. Prothrombin x alpha1-microglobulin were 1:2 and 1:1 complexes which carried approximately 1% of total alpha1-microglobulin, had molecular masses of about 145 kDa and 110 kDa upon SDS/PAGE and dissociated completely to free alpha1-microglobulin and prothrombin (72 kDa) when reducing agents were added, suggesting that the complexes were stabilized by disulfide bonds. The alpha1-microglobulin molecules did not inhibit cleavage of prothrombin by factor Xa and were bound to the peptides which were released upon activation of prothrombin. Albumin x alpha1-microglobulin, corresponding to 7% of total plasma alpha1-microglobulin, was a mixture between 1:1 and 1:2 complexes, with masses upon SDS/PAGE of approximately 100 kDa and 135 kDa, respectively. Both these complexes dissociated only partially to free alpha1-microglobulin and albumin when reducing agents were added. The albumin x alpha1-microglobulin complexes carried a yellow-brown chromophore similar to free alpha1-microglobulin. The complex-binding to alpha1-microglobulin did not block the fatty-acid-binding ability of albumin. The plasma concentrations of albumin x alpha1-microglobulin and prothrombin x alpha1-microglobulin were estimated to 5.2 mg/l and 1.1 mg/l, respectively.
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