| 1. |
- Eriksson Linsmeier, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Can histology solve the riddle of non-functioning electrodes; factors influencing the biocompatibillity of brain machine interfaces.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Progress in Brain Research. - 0079-6123. ; 194, s. 181-189
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neural interfaces hold great promise to become invaluable clinical and diagnostic tools in the near future. However, the biocompatibility and the long-term stability of the implanted interfaces are far from optimized. There are several factors that need to be addressed and standardized when improving the long-term success of an implanted electrode. We have chosen to focus on three key factors when evaluating the evoked tissue responses after electrode implantation into the brain: implant size, fixation mode, and evaluation period. Further, we show results from an ultrathin multichannel wire electrode that has been implanted in the rat cerebral cortex for 1 year. To improve biocompatibility of implanted electrodes, we would like to suggest that free-floating, very small, flexible, and, in time, wireless electrodes would elicit a diminished cell encapsulation. We would also like to suggest standardized methods for the electrode design, the electrode implantation method, and the analyses of cell reactions after implantation into the CNS in order to improve the long-term success of implanted neural interfaces.
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| 2. |
- Holmberg, S, et al.
(författare)
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Is there an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis among farmers? A population-based case-control study
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 77:5, s. 345-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. Occupational workload is generally considered a to be contributing cause in the development of knee osteoarthritis, in addition to well-known risk factors such as age, female gender, excess weight and previous knee injuries. Farmers have an increased risk of developing hip osteoarthritis, but it is uncertain if farming is influencing the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this population-based case-control study was to investigate the risk of radiographically verified femorotibial osteoarthritis among farmers and those in some other physically demanding occupations. Methods. A mailed questionnaire inquiring about previous occupations was answered by 778 subjects having X-ray verified osteoarthritis in the femorotibial joint and 695 matched controls. The reply frequency was 89%. Mean age of the participants was 63 years, 43% were male and 57% female. The relationship between knee osteoarthritis and occupation was analysed by multiple logistic regression, with adjustment for a number of variables. Results. Men who had worked for 11-30 years in the building and construction industry had a 3.7-times (95% CI 1.2-11.3) increased risk of knee osteoarthritis. Farm work was not related to an increased risk for men. However, women who had worked for 11-30 years in farming tended to have an increased risk (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.5). Forestry, letter-carrying (postal), cleaning and healthcare work was not related to knee osteoarthritis. Excess weight, heredity and previous knee injuries were strong risk factors, whereas smoking showed a negative relationship to knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion. Work in building and construction occupations, but not in farming, was associated with an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis.
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| 3. |
- Holmberg, S., et al.
(författare)
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Knee osteoarthritis and body mass index : A population-based case-control study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732. ; 34:1, s. 59-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: It is well established that overweight is related to osteoarthritis of the knees. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of knee osteoarthritis for men and women in relation to body mass index (BMI) within the normal weight range and to assess the effect of former versus current weight. Methods: A population-based case-control study was carried out in the southern part of Sweden, including 825 cases with X-ray verified femorotibial osteoarthritis and 825 age-, sex-, and county-matched population controls. Mailed questionnaire data on weight, height, and confounding factors (heredity, smoking, knee injuries, and physical activity) were collected and analysed using logistic regression models. The response frequency was 89%. Results: Mean age of the participants was 63 years, and 57% were women. The adjusted risk of knee osteoarthritis was increased fourfold in men with a current BMI 23 to <25 kg/m2 as compared to men with BMI <23 kg/m2 (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.7-9.5). The commensurate risk for women was 1.6 (95% CI 0.9-3.1). BMI at 30 years of age was similarly related to knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion: A moderate increase in BMI, within the normal weight range, was significantly related to knee osteoarthritis among men. Overweight at any time was related to knee osteoarthritis. © 2005 Taylor & Francis.
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| 4. |
- Thelin, A., et al.
(författare)
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Functioning in neck and low back pain from a 12-year perspective : A prospective population-based study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 40:7, s. 555-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of unspecific neck pain and low back pain at a given time (1990-91) with respect to physical and social functioning and role limitations due to emotional problems 12 years later. Methods: A rural male study population (2351 individuals) was established in 1989 and a first survey conducted in 1990-91. A follow-up survey was performed in 2002-03. A total of 1405 persons participated in both surveys. Functioning and role limitations in 2002-03 were evaluated using the SF-36 instrument. Several possible confounders were included in the analyses. Results: Unspecific neck pain or low back pain in 1990-91 was shown in a multivariate longitudinal regression model to be significantly related to limited physical (odds ratio (OR) = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-2.87) and social (OR= 1.92, 95% CI 1.33-2.75) functioning 12 years later. The effects were only slightly modified by the confounders analysed. However, higher education independently and significantly predicted a low risk for functional limitations. Conclusion: Non-specific neck pain and low back pain at a given time impacted on the risk of limited physical and social functioning many years later. Current symptoms of depression and anxiety at the time for the second survey had a high impact on functional limitations. © 2008 Foundation of Rehabilitation Information.
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| 5. |
- Thelin, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Knee injuries account for the sports-related increased risk of knee osteoarthritis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 16:5, s. 329-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased risk of osteoarthritis has been found among athletes active in different kinds of sports. Knee injury is an established risk factor for knee osteoarthritis. In this population-based case–control study we investigated the risk of knee osteoarthritis with respect to sports activity and previous knee injuries. A total of 825 cases with x-ray-verified femorotibial osteoarthritis were identified at six hospitals in southern Sweden. The cases were matched (age, sex and residential area) with 825 controls from the general population. Mailed questionnaire data on sports activity for more than 1 year after the age of 16, knee injuries and confounding variables (weight, height, heredity, smoking and occupation) were collected and analyzed using logistic regression models. The response frequency was 89%. Among men knee osteoarthritis was related to soccer (odds ratio (OR) 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–2.2), ice hockey (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0) and tennis (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.8) but not to track and field sports, cross-country skiing, and orienteering. After adjustment for confounding variables soccer and ice hockey remained significantly related to knee osteoarthritis, but after adjustment for knee injuries no significant relation remained. The sports-related increased risk for knee osteoarthritis was explained by knee injuries.
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| 6. |
- Thelin, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality and morbidity among farmers, nonfarming rural men, and urban referents : a prospective population-based study
- 2009
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Ingår i: International journal of occupational and environmental health. - : Maney Publishing. - 1077-3525 .- 2049-3967. ; 15:1, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cohort of 1,220 farmers, 1,130 nonfarming rural men, and 1,087 urban referents from Sweden were monitored for 12 years. Farmers had lower mortality than urban referents for all causes of death (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.71), cancer (HR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24-0.78) and cardiovascular diseases (HR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-0.99). Nonfarming rural men had lower mortality than urban referents for all causes of deaths (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.94). Farmers and nonfarming rural men had significantly lower morbidity risks of cancer and of psychiatric disorders than urban referents. Farmers had significantly lower risk of endocrine disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and respiratory disorders. In general, morbidity was lower among nonfarming rural men compared with urban referents and was even lower among farmers. Urban referents had, however, significantly less musculoskeletal disorder morbidity. An urban-rural factor and a farming occupational or lifestyle factor results in lower mortality and morbidity rates except concerning musculoskeletal disorders.
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| 7. |
- Axfors, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Preferences for Gender Affirming Treatment and Associated Factors Among Transgender People in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sexuality Research & Social Policy. - : Springer Nature. - 1868-9884 .- 1553-6610. ; 20:2, s. 479-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionGender affirming surgery of primary and/or secondary sex characteristics has been shown to alleviate gender dysphoria. A descriptive snapshot of current treatment preferences is useful to understand the needs of the transgender population seeking health care. This study aimed to describe preferences for gender affirming treatment, and their correlates, among individuals seeking health care for gender dysphoria in Sweden after major national legislative reforms.MethodsCross-sectional study where transgender patients (n = 232) recruited from all six Gender Dysphoria centers in Sweden 2016–2019, answered a survey on treatment preferences and sociodemographic, health, and gender identity-related information during the same time-period. Factors associated with preferring top surgery (breast augmentation or mastectomy), genital surgery, and other surgery (e.g., facial surgery) were examined in univariable and multivariable regression analyses in the 197 people without prior such treatment. Main study outcomes were preferences for feminizing or masculinizing hormonal and surgical gender affirming treatment.ResultsThe proportion among birth assigned male and assigned female patients preferring top surgery was 55.6% and 88.7%, genital surgery 88.9% and 65.7%, and other surgery (e.g., facial surgery) 85.6% and 22.5%, respectively. Almost all participants (99.1%) wanted or had already received hormonal treatment and most (96.7%) wished for some kind of surgical treatment; 55.0% wanted both top and genital surgery. Preferring a binary pronoun (he/she) and factors indicating more severe gender incongruence were associated with a greater wish for surgical treatment. Participants with somatic comorbidities were less likely to want genital surgery, while aF with lacking social support were less likely to want internal genital surgery, in the multivariable analyses.ConclusionsIn this sample of Swedish young adults seeking health care for gender dysphoria, preferences for treatment options varied according to perceived gender identity.Policy ImplicationsThe study fndings underline the need for individualized care and fexible gender afrming treatmentoptions. The role of somatic comorbidities should be further explored, and support should be ofered to transgender peoplein need. There is an unmet need for facial surgery among aM
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| 8. |
- Bednarska, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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The Effectiveness and Tolerability of a Very Low-Volume Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy Compared to Low and High-Volume Polyethylene Glycol-Solutions in the Real-Life Setting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diagnostics. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 2075-4418. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adequate bowel cleansing is essential for high-quality colonoscopy. Recently, a new very low-volume 1 litre (1L) polyethylene glycol (PEG) plus ascorbate solution (ASC) has been introduced. Our aims were to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of this product compared to low-volume 2L PEG-ASC and high-volume 4L PEG solutions, in a real-life setting. In six endoscopy units in Sweden, outpatients undergoing colonoscopy were either prescribed solutions according to local routines, or the very low-volume solution in split dose regimen. Bowel cleansing effectiveness and patient experience was assessed using the Boston Bowel preparation scale (BBPS) and a patient questionnaire. A total of 1098 patients (mean age 58 years, 52% women) were included. All subsegment and the total BBPS scores were significantly greater for 1L PEG-ASC in comparison to other solutions (p < 0.05 for 1L PEG-ASC and 4L PEG for transverse and left colon, otherwise p < 0.001). Nausea was more frequent with 1L PEG-ASC compared to 2L PEG-ASC (p < 0.001) and vomiting were more often reported compared to both other solutions (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 for 2L PEG-ASC and 4L PEG, respectively). Smell, taste, and total experience was better for 1L PEG-ASC compared to 4L PEG (p < 0.001), and similar compared to the 2L PEG-ASC. In conclusion, 1L PEG-ASC leads to better bowel cleansing compared to 2L PEG-ASC or 4L PEG products, with similar or greater patient satisfaction.
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| 9. |
- Blomström-Lundqvist, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized double-blind study of epicardial left atrial cryoablation for permanent atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery: the SWEDish Multicentre Atrial Fibrillation study (SWEDMAF).
- 2007
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Ingår i: European heart journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 28:23, s. 2902-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The efficacy of epicardial left atrial (LA) cryoablation in eliminating atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery (MVS) is unknown. We hypothesized that MVS combined with LA cryoablation is superior to MVS alone. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients with permanent AF, included at four centres, underwent MVS with or without epicardial LA cryoablation. The primary endpoint was regained sinus rhythm. Risk factors for failed AF cryoablation were elucidated. Sixty-five out of 69 patients reached the primary endpoint. At 6 and 12 months follow-up, 73.3% of patients who underwent cryoablation had regained sinus rhythm at both follow-ups, compared with 45.7 and 42.9% of patients, respectively, who underwent MVS alone (group differences, at 6 months P = 0.024, after 12 months P = 0.013). The in-hospital complication rate was 11.4% in the MVS group and 26.5% in the cryoablation group (P = 0.110). Risk factors for failed elimination of AF by cryoablation were duration of permanent AF (P = 0.012) and presence of coronary artery disease (P = 0.047), according to multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: This first prospective randomized study showed that combining MVS with epicardial LA cryoablation is significantly better in eliminating pre-operative permanent AF than MVS alone.
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| 10. |
- Bolic Baric, Vedrana, et al.
(författare)
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Computer use in educational activities by students with ADHD
- 2014
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Ingår i: 16th International Congress of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: One type of support in school that holds promise for students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the use of information and communication technology (ICT) such as computers and Internet. Computer use in educational activities may be one promising tool to support academic performance of students with ADHD experiencing difficulties in school. However, students with ADHD may be overlooked regarding available support compared with students with physical disabilities.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate computer use in educational activities by students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in comparison with that of students with physical disabilities and students from the general population.Methods: The design of the study was cross-sectional with group comparison. Students with a primary diagnosis of ADHD and related disorders were recruited from habilitation centres (HCs). Students with ADHD (n=102) were pairmatched in terms of age and sex with students with physical disabilities and students from the general population (n = 940) were used as a reference group.Results: Students with ADHD reported significantly less frequent use of computers for almost all educational activities compared with students with physical disabilities and students from the general population. Students with ADHD reported low satisfaction with computer use in school. In addition, students with ADHD reported a desire to use computers more often and for more activities in school compared with students with physical disabilities. Conclusion: From an equality perspective, it is essential to enable students with ADHD to use computers in educational activities. Contribution to the practice/evidence base of occupational therapy: Focusing on promoting computer use in educational activities in school for students with physical disabilities as well as students with ADHD is an emerging field in occupational therapy.
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