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- Bertoni, Marco, Professor, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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A VALUE-DRIVEN DESIGN APPROACH FOR THE VIRTUAL VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SOLUTIONS
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 435-444
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous vehicle solutions (AVS) are regarded as a major enabling technology to support the realization of 'total site solutions' in the construction equipment industry. Their full-scale deployment is hindered today by the need to test autonomous driving capabilities against the varying conditions an AVS is expected to be exposed to during its lifetime. Therefore, using virtual simulation environments is common to overcome the cost and time limitations of physical testing. A caveat in this virtual verification and validation (V&V) work is how to trade off the 'realism' of the V&V output (using high-fidelity models across many scenarios) against computational time. This research investigates expectations and needs for value-driven decision support in the virtual V&V process, proposing an approach and a tool to raise awareness among decision-makers about the value associated with using selected simulation models/components in the virtual verification and validation task for AVS. Verification activities performed on the initial prototype show that its main benefit lies in facilitating cross-domain negotiations and knowledge sharing when negotiating the desired features of the virtual simulation environment. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press.
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| 4. |
- Holmqvist, Kristian, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in Steering Wheel Rim to Thorax Impacts Using Finite Element Hybrid III and Human Body Models for Heavy Vehicle Frontal Crash Applications
- 2010
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Ingår i: International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. ; , s. 293-296
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A risk of severe injuries from steering wheel rim to thorax contacts has been identified in heavy vehicle frontal collisions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects in changing the steering wheel rim tilt angle on the thorax of the Hybrid III and a human body model THUMS with respect to chest deflection and steering wheel rim contact interaction. It was found that the Hybrid III chest is more sensitive to changes in steering wheel tilt angle than the THUMS.
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| 5. |
- Holmqvist, Kristian, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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EVALUATION OF HYBRID III THORACIC INJURY CRITERIA IN IMPACTS WITH A SIMULATED TRUCK STEERING WHEEL – SUGGESTIONS FOR MODIFICATIONS IN INSTRUMENTATION AND REFERENCE VALUES
- 2009
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Ingår i: International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. ; , s. 201-204
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unbelted drivers of heavy commercial vehicles are likely to suffer chest injuries from steering wheel rim contact in frontal impacts. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent the current regulatory dummy, the Hybrid III, is capable of assessing the chest deflection in this load case. A Finite Element model of the dummy and its default sensors were evaluated together with chest injury criteria. The THUMS was used as a reference representing the human body. Suggestions on instrumentation and correction factors for injury criteria are proposed for use with the Hybrid III.
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| 6. |
- Holmqvist, Kristian, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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IMPROVING HYBRID III INJURY ASSESSMENT IN STEERING WHEEL RIM TO CHEST IMPACTS USING RESPONSES FROM FINITE ELEMENT HYBRID III AND HUMAN BODY MODEL
- 2014
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-957X .- 1538-9588. ; 15:2, s. 196-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The main aim of this study was to improve the quality of injury risk assessments in steering wheel rim to chest impacts when using the Hybrid III crash test dummy in frontal heavy goods vehicle (HGV) collision tests. Correction factors for chest injury criteria were calculated as the model chest injury parameter ratios between finite element (FE) Hybrid III, evaluated in relevant load cases, and the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS). This is proposed to be used to compensate Hybrid III measurements in crash tests where steering wheel rim to chest impacts occur.Methods: The study was conducted in an FE environment using an FE-Hybrid III model and the THUMS. Two impactor shapes were used, a circular hub and a long, thin horizontal bar. Chest impacts at velocities ranging from 3.0 to 6.0m/s were simulated at 3 impact height levels. A ratio between FE-Hybrid III and THUMS chest injury parameters, maximum chest compression C-max, and maximum viscous criterion VCmax, were calculated for the different chest impact conditions to form a set of correction factors. The definition of the correction factor is based on the assumption that the response from a circular hub impact to the middle of the chest is well characterized and that injury risk measures are independent of impact height. The current limits for these chest injury criteria were used as a basis to develop correction factors that compensate for the limitations in biofidelity of the Hybrid III in steering wheel rim to chest impacts.Results: The hub and bar impactors produced considerably higher C-max and VCmax responses in the THUMS compared to the FE-Hybrid III. The correction factor for the responses of the FE-Hybrid III showed that the criteria responses for the bar impactor were consistently overestimated. Ratios based on Hybrid III and THUMS responses provided correction factors for the Hybrid III responses ranging from 0.84 to 0.93. These factors can be used to estimate C-max and VCmax values when the Hybrid III is used in crash tests for which steering wheel rim to chest interaction occurs.Conclusions: For the FE-Hybrid III, bar impacts caused higher chest deflection compared to hub impacts, although the contrary results were obtained with the more humanlike THUMS. Correction factors were developed that can be used to correct the Hybrid III chest responses. Higher injury criteria capping limits for steering wheel impacts are acceptable. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file.
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| 7. |
- Larsman, Pernilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Work related perceived stress and muscle activity during standardized computer work among female computer users
- 2009
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Ingår i: Work : A journal of Prevention, Assesment and rehabilitation. - 1051-9815. ; 32:2, s. 189-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study investigated the associations between work-related perceived stress and surface electromyographic (sEMG) parameters (muscle activity and muscle rest) during standardized simulated computer work (typing, editing, precision, and Stroop tasks). It was part of the European case-control study, NEW (Neuromuscular assessment in the Elderly Worker). The present cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire survey and sEMG measurements among Danish and Swedish female computer users aged 45 or older (n=49). The results show associations between work-related perceived stress and trapezius muscle activity and rest during standardized simulated computer work, and provide partial empirical support for the hypothesized pathway of stress induced muscle activity in the association between an adverse psychosocial work environment and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and shoulder.
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| 9. |
- Sodergren, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 314:5801, s. 941-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
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