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- Cassel, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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On Perception Safety Requirements and Multi Sensor Systems for Automated Driving Systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: SAE technical paper series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191. ; 2020-April:April
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One major challenge in designing SAE level 3-5 Automated Driving Systems (ADS) is to define requirements for the perception system that would enable argumentation for safe operation. The safety requirements on the perception system can only be fulfilled through redundancy in the sensor hardware. It is, however, a challenge to specify the redundancy that is required in the sensor system. Safe operation for an ADS is significantly more difficult compared to advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). The safety argumentation for ADAS typically argues that in case of a failure in the sensor array a fail-silent behavior is acceptable because the human driver can take control of the vehicle back. This argumentation however is not possible when developing level 4 or higher automation. This paper investigates prerequisites for applying a systematic methodology for analyzing redundancy in a multi-sensor system and the relation to a conceptual ADS functional architecture. This analysis must address the complexity that comes with partially overlapping sensor data from different sensors and considers variations in performance and characteristics due to changes in the environmental conditions. The paper introduces the term incomplete redundancy and presents a systematic methodology for analyzing redundancy. The aim is to provide arguments for how several sensors in a system, when appropriately combined, meet an assigned safety requirement on a higher level. Each sensor will then be assigned a certain responsibility and contributes with a sub-set of information. A set of questions of importance to address as a foundation for such a methodology are defined and discussed. The definitions of redundancy and independence between sensors are discussed as well as contract-based functional safety to adapt to different environmental and operating conditions.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Granholm, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Empirical meropenem versus piperacillin/tazobactam for adult patients with sepsis (EMPRESS) trial : Protocol
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-5172.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Piperacillin/tazobactam may be associated with less favourable outcomes than carbapenems in patients with severe bacterial infections, but the certainty of evidence is low. Methods: The Empirical Meropenem versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam for Adult Patients with Sepsis (EMPRESS) trial is an investigator-initiated, international, parallel-group, randomised, open-label, adaptive clinical trial with an integrated feasibility phase. We will randomise adult, critically ill patients with sepsis to empirical treatment with meropenem or piperacillin/tazobactam for up to 30 days. The primary outcome is 30-day all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes are serious adverse reactions within 30 days; isolation precautions due to resistant bacteria within 30 days; days alive without life support and days alive and out of hospital within 30 and 90 days; 90- and 180-day all-cause mortality and 180-day health-related quality of life. EMPRESS will use Bayesian statistical models with weak to somewhat sceptical neutral priors. Adaptive analyses will be conducted after follow-up of the primary outcome for the first 400 participants concludes and after every 300 subsequent participants, with adaptive stopping for superiority/inferiority and practical equivalence (absolute risk difference <2.5%-points) and response-adaptive randomisation. The expected sample sizes in scenarios with no, small or large differences are 5189, 5859 and 2570 participants, with maximum 14,000 participants and ≥99% probability of conclusiveness across all scenarios. Conclusions: EMPRESS will compare the effects of empirical meropenem against piperacillin/tazobactam in adult, critically ill patients with sepsis. Due to the pragmatic, adaptive design with high probability of conclusiveness, the trial results are expected to directly inform clinical practice.
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| 4. |
- Nissling, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Egg production of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, in the Baltic Sea
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Sea Research. - : Elsevier. - 1385-1101 .- 1873-1414. ; 84, s. 77-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the brackish water Baltic Sea turbot spawn at ~6–9 psu along the coast and on offshore banks in ICES SD 2324–29, with salinity influencing the reproductive success. The potential fecundity (the stock of vitellogenic 24oocytes in the pre-spawning ovary), egg size (diameter and dry weight of artificially fertilized 1-day-old 25eggs) and gonad dry weight were assessed for fish sampled in SD 25 and SD 28. Multiple regression analysis 26identified somatic weight, or total length in combination with Fulton's condition factor, as main predictors of 27fecundity and gonad dry weight with stage of maturity (oocyte packing density or leading cohort) as an ad- 28ditional predictor. For egg size, somatic weight was identified as main predictor while otolith weight (proxy 29for age) was an additional predictor. Univariate analysis using GLM revealed significantly higher fecundity 30and gonad dry weight for turbot from SD 28 (3378–3474 oocytes/g somatic weight) compared to those 31from SD 25 (2343 oocytes/g somatic weight), with no difference in egg size (1.05±0.03 mm diameter and 3246.8±6.5 μg dry weight; mean±sd). The difference in egg production matched egg survival probabilities 33in relation to salinity conditions suggesting selection for higher fecundity as a consequence of poorer repro- 34ductive success at lower salinities. This supports the hypothesis of higher size-specific fecundity towards the 35limit of the distribution of a species as an adaptation to harsher environmental conditions and lower offspring 36survival probabilities. Within SD 28 comparisons were made between two major fishing areas targeting 37spawning aggregations and a marine protected area without fishing. The outcome was inconclusive and is 38discussed with respect to potential fishery induced effects, effects of the salinity gradient, effects of specific 39year-classes, and effects of maturation status of sampled fish.
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| 5. |
- Nissling, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Fecundity regulation in relation to habitat utilisation of two sympatric flounder (Platichtys flesus) populations in the brackish water Baltic Sea
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Sea Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-1101 .- 1873-1414. ; 95, s. 188-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two populations of flounder (Platichtys flesus) with different life history traits inhabit the brackish water Baltic Sea. Both types share feeding areas in coastal waters during summer-autumn but utilise different habitats for spawning in spring, namely offshore spawning with pelagic eggs and coastal spawning with demersal eggs respectively. Fecundity regulation by atresia was assessed as prevalence (portion of fish with atresia) and intensity (calculated as the average intensity of atresia in these fish) during the reproductive cycle following start of gonad development in the autumn up to spawning in spring, and evaluated in relation to fish condition (Fulton's condition factor reflecting energy reserves of the fish) and feeding incidence of the respective population. Peaking in winter (December–February), fecundity regulation was significantly higher for coastal spawning flounder than for flounder spawning offshore. For coastal spawners, the prevalence was 45–90% with an intensity of 6.4–9.3% vs. 0–25% and an intensity of 2.1–3.4% for offshore spawners during winter. Further, fecundity regulation ceased prior to spawning for offshore spawners but continued for coastal spawners. For coastal spawners, the prevalence was 12–29% and an intensity of 2.5–6.1% during spawning. The change in fish condition was strongly related to feeding incidence and differed between populations. As feeding ceased, condition of offshore spawners decreased during winter up to spawning, whereas condition of coastal spawners decreased during autumn but was maintained as feeding started again prior to spawning. Thus, habitat utilisation according to spawning strategy affects the timing of fecundity down-regulation reflecting availability of resources, namely limited food resources in deep areas and higher availability in coastal areas. Offshore spawning flounder display characteristics typical for a capital spawner with ceasing of feeding and oocyte down-regulation well before spawning, whereas coastal spawning flounder can be characterised as intermediate between a capital and income spawner with feeding prior to and during spawning along with continuous fecundity-regulation.
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| 8. |
- Warg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Managing Continuous Assurance of Complex Dependable Systems : Report from a workshop held at the Scandinavian Conference on System and Software Safety (SCSSS) 2022.
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The SALIENCE4CAV project has done work on enabling continuous assurance, which aims to ensure safety is maintained throughout the entire lifecycle of a product, system, or service. One key technique is the use of safety contracts and modular assurance cases for systematically managing safety responsibilities and requirements across different stakeholders. This report summarizes outcomes from a workshop where discussions were held around this work. The participants were predominantly working in domains with high dependability requirements, such as automotive. Knowledge, tools, and organizational issues are seen as some key obstacles, but interest is high, and the community realizes the need for enabling continuous assurance.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Damschen, Marvin, et al.
(författare)
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Development and onboard assessment of drone for assistance in firefighting resource management and rescue operations
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report provides comprehensive information for deciding whether to pursue the deployment of adrone system for increasing safety on ship. The assessments of technical and legal feasibility as wellas usefulness of a drone system for surveying the open decks of a ro-ro ship are presented. The usecases of fire patrol, fire resource management and search & rescue operations are targeted. Aprototype drone system is detailed that is built on open standards and open-source software for highextensibility and reproducibility. Technical feasibility is assessed positively overall using a purpose-designed drone-control software, in-field tests and a demonstration onboard of DFDS PetuniaSeaways. The needs for further development, analysis and long-term tests are described. The legalfeasibility assessment gives an overview of applicable maritime and airspace regulations within theEU. It concludes that the drone system should be seen complementary to existing fire safety systemsand that operational authorization is best applied for in collaboration with a ship owner. Usefulnessis assessed using responses from maritime experts to an online questionnaire on the targeted usecases. Results are positive with two major challenges identified: achieving a reasonable selling priceand obtaining the ship operators’ and crews’ trust in the system. Finally, a SWOT analysis gives aconcise summary of the performed assessments and can be used as input to the strategic businessplanning for a potential drone system provider.
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