| 1. |
- Boy, M., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 19:3, s. 2015-2061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011-2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all Nordic countries in a virtual centre with the objectives of identifying and quantifying the major processes controlling Arctic warming and related feedback mechanisms, outlining strategies to mitigate Arctic warming, and developing Nordic Earth system modelling with a focus on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The outcome of CRAICC is reflected in more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific publications, most of which are in the CRAICC special issue of the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This paper presents an overview of the main scientific topics investigated in the centre and provides the reader with a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in CRAICC with links to the particular publications for further detail. Faced with a vast amount of scientific discovery, we do not claim to completely summarize the results from CRAICC within this paper, but rather concentrate here on the main results which are related to feedback loops in climate change-cryosphere interactions that affect Arctic amplification.
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| 2. |
- Dagsson-Waldhauserova, P., et al.
(författare)
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Physical properties of suspended dust during moist and low wind conditions in Iceland
- 2014
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Ingår i: Icelandic Agricultural Sciences. - 1670-567X. ; 27, s. 25-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured a dust event which occurred during wet and low wind/windless conditions as the result of surface heating in August 2013. Maximum particle number concentration (PM similar to 0.3-10 mu m) reached 149,954 particles cm(-3) min(-1) while mass concentration (PM<10 m) was 1757 g m-3 min-1. The suspended dust was very fine with the highest number of particles in the size range 0.3-0.337 mu m, followed by particles 1.5-5 mu m in diameter. Close-to-ultrafine particle size distributions showed a significant increase in number with the severity of the measured dust event (during dust peaks). Number concentrations were well correlated with mass concentrations. The mineralogy and geochemical compositions showed that glaciogenic dust contains sharp-tipped shards with bubbles and 80 % of the particulate matter is volcanic glass rich in heavy metals. Wet dust particles were mobilized within < 4 hours. This is the first scientific study of particle size distributions in an Icelandic dust event including findings on initiation of dust suspension.
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| 3. |
- Darvish, Bijan, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Management of accidental dural puncture and post-dural puncture headache after labour : a Nordic survey
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : The Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 55:1, s. 46-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A major risk with epidural analgesia is accidental dural puncture (ADP), which may result in post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). This survey was conducted to explore the incidence of ADP, the policy for management of PDPH and the educational practices in epidural analgesia during labour in the Nordic countries.Methods: A postal questionnaire was sent to the anaesthesiologist responsible for Obstetric anaesthesia service in all maternity units (n=153) with questions relating to the year 2008.Results: The overall response rate was 93%. About 32% (22-47%) of parturients received epidural analgesia for labour. There were databases for registering obstetric epidural complications in 13% of Danish, 24% of Norwegian and Swedish, 43% of Finnish and 100% of hospitals in Iceland. The estimated incidence of ADP was 1% (n approximate to 900). Epidural blood patch (EBP) was performed in 86% (n approximate to 780) of the parturients. The most common time interval from diagnosis to performing EBP was 24-48 h. The success rate for EBP was > 75% in 67% (62-79%) of hospitals. The use of diagnostic CT/MRI before the first or the second EBP was exceptional. No major complication was reported. Teaching of epidurals was commonest (86%) in the non-obstetric population and 53% hospitals desired a formal training programme in obstetric analgesia.Conclusion: We found the incidence of ADP to be approximately 1%. EBP was the commonest method used for its management, and the success rate was high in most hospitals. Formal training in epidural analgesia was absent in most countries and trainees first performed it in the non-obstetric population.
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| 4. |
- Freire, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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High resolution mapping of offshore and onshore glaciogenic features in metamorphic bedrock terrain, Melville Bay, northwestern Greenland
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geomorphology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-555X .- 1872-695X. ; 250, s. 29-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geomorphological studies of previously glaciated landscapes are important to understand how ice sheets and glaciers respond to rapidly changing climate. Melville Bay, in northwestern Greenland, contains some of the most sensitive but least studied ice sheet sectors in the northern hemisphere, where the bathymetric knowledge previously was restricted to a few sparsely distributed single beam echo soundings. We present here the results of high-resolution, geomorphological mapping of the offshore and onshore landscapes in Melville Bay using multibeam sonar and satellite data, at 5- and 10-m resolutions respectively. The results show a similar areally-scoured bedrock-dominated landscape with a glacially modified cnoc-and-lochan morphology on the inner shelf (150-500 m depth) and on the nearby exposed coast. This is manifested by the presence of U-shaped troughs, moutonee-type elongated landforms, stoss-and-lee forms, and streamlined features. The submarine landscape shows features that are characteristic of bedrock in folded, faulted, and weathered metamorphic terrain, and, to a lesser extent, glacially molded bedforms; while coastal landforms exhibit higher relief, irregular-shaped basins, and more subdued fracture valleys. Although generally similar, the onshore and offshore landscapes contain examples of distinctly different landform patterns, which are interpreted to reflect a longer exposure to long-term deep weathering as well as to more recent periglacial weathering processes on land. The spatial variability in the distribution of landforms across the landscape in both study areas is mostly attributed to differences in lithological properties of the bedrock. The lack of sediment cover on the inner shelf is likely a result of a capacity for sediment erosion and removal by the West Greenland Current flowing northward over the area in combination with limited sediment supply from long sea ice-cover seasons. The distribution and orientation of the landforms in the offshore part indicate ice movement toward the NW, and suggests that this area acted as a tributary or onset region for the major paleo ice stream that formed the present day Melville Bay Trough.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jensson, O, et al.
(författare)
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Hereditary cystatin C (gamma-trace) amyloid angiopathy of the CNS causing cerebral hemorrhage
- 1987
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 76:2, s. 102-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary CNS amyloid angiopathy occurring in Icelanders is the first human disorder known to be caused by deposition of cystatin C amyloid fibrils in the walls of the brain arteries leading to single or or multiple strokes with fatal outcome. One or more affected members have been verified by histological examination in 8 families containing 127 affected. These originated from the same geographic area. Abnormally low value of cystatin C found in the cerebrospinal fluid of those affected can be used to support or make diagnosis of this disease, also in asymptomatic relatives. By amino acid sequence analysis the amyloid fibrils in the patients are found to be a variant of cystatin C (gamma-trace), a major cysteine proteinase inhibitor. The variant protein has an amino acid substitution (glutamine for leucine) at position 58 in the amyloid molecule. It is postulated that a point mutation has occurred leading to production of amyloidogenic protein causing the disorder.
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| 8. |
- Kristensen, Peter L., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the tcf7l2 genotype on risk of hypoglycaemia and glucagon secretion during hypoglycaemia
- 2016
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Ingår i: Endocrine Connections. - 2049-3614. ; 5:6, s. 53-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In healthy carriers of the T allele of the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), fasting plasma glucagon concentrations are lower compared with those with the C allele. We hypothesised that presence of the T allele is associated with a diminished glucagon response during hypoglycaemia and a higher frequency of severe hypoglycaemia (SH) in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Material and methods: This is a post hoc study of an earlier prospective observational study of SH and four mechanistic studies of physiological responses to hypoglycaemia. 269 patients with T1DM were followed in a one-year observational study. A log-linear negative binomial model was applied with events of SH as dependent variable and TCF7L2 alleles as explanatory variable. In four experimental studies including 65 people, TCF7L2 genotyping was done and plasma glucagon concentration during experimental hypoglycaemia was determined. Results: Incidences of SH were TT 0.54, TC 0.98 and CC 1.01 episodes per patient-year with no significant difference between groups. During experimental hypoglycaemia, the TCF7L2 polymorphism did not influence glucagon secretion. Discussion: Patients with T1DM carrying the T allele of the TCF7L2 polymorphism do not exhibit diminished glucagon response during hypoglycaemia and are not at increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia compared with carriers of the C allele.
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| 9. |
- Palsdottir, A, et al.
(författare)
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Mutation in cystatin C gene causes hereditary brain haemorrhage
- 1988
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 332:8611, s. 603-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy (HCCAA) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, cystatin C, is deposited as amyloid fibrils in the cerebral arteries of patients and leads to massive brain haemorrhage and death in young adults. A full length cystatin C cDNA probe revealed a mutation in the codon for leucine at position 68 which abolishes an Alu I restriction site in the cystatin C gene of HCCAA patients. The Alu I marker has been used to show that this mutation is transmitted only in affected members of all eight families investigated, and that the mutated cystatin C gene causes HCCAA.
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| 10. |
- Palsdottir, A, et al.
(författare)
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Mutation in the cystatin C gene causes hereditary brain hemorrhage
- 1989
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Ingår i: Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. - 0361-7742. ; 317, s. 241-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy (HCCAA) is an autosomal dominant disorder leading to massive brain hemorrhage and death in young adults (Jensson et al., 1987). A variant of a potent inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, cystatin C (Barrett et al., 1984), is deposited as amyloid fibrils in the cerebral arteries of the patients (Ghiso et al., 1986). We have used the full length cystatin C cDNA probe (Abrahamson et al., 1987) to demonstrate a mutation in the codon for leucine at position 68, which abolishes an Alu I restriction site in cystatin C gene of the HCCAA patients. The Alu I marker has been used to show that this mutation is transmitted only in the affected members in all eight families investigated, proving that the mutated cystatin C gene causes HCCAA. This DNA marker will be useful for the diagnosis of HCCAA in patients, asymptomatic affected individuals and also for pre-natal diagnosis. HCCAA is the first human disorder known to be caused by an abnormal gene for a cysteine proteinase inhibitor
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