| 1. |
- Ihse, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Riktlinjer för handläggning av patienter med pankreascancer
- 2002
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 99:15, s. 1676-1683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of pancreatic cancer has fallen during the last ten years in Sweden. Early signs and symptoms of the disease are still undiscovered and when diagnosis is made the disease is incurable in most patients. Transabdominal ultrasonography is the first-line imaging test followed by spiral computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if required for definite diagnosis. Spiral CT is also the imaging test of choice for assessment of resectability of the tumor. Surgical removal of the tumor is the only chance of cure. Markedly improved hospital mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy is reported and an association between hospital volume and outcome of the operation has been established. Longterm survival after attempted curative resection continues to be dismal, however. Adjuvant treatment should not be given outside clinical studies. Palliative treatment has improved thanks to progress in the field of endoscopy, interventional radiology and in management of pain and nutrition. Palliative chemotherapy should only be given selectively outside clinical studies. Radiotherapy has no proven effects on survival. Special pancreatic cancer treatment teams with catchment areas of 2-4 million inhabitants are recommended by international authorities.
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| 2. |
- Ihse, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Riktlinjer för handläggning av patienter med pankreascancer [Guidelines for management of patients with pancreatic cancer]
- 2002
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 99:15, s. 1676-1685
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transabdominellt ultraljud är förstahandsundersökning vid misstänkt pankreascancer, följt av spiral-DT eller MR för mer definitiv diagnos. Tumörmarkörer har ingen plats i rutindiagnostiken. Spiral-DT är basen i resektabilitetsbedömningen. Resektion av tumören är en förutsättning för bot. Ett samband har påvisats mellan antalet resektioner som görs vid ett sjukhus årligen och postoperativ mortalitet. Långtidsöverlevnaden efter resektion är oförändrat kort medan postoperativ mortalitet minskat dramatiskt vid enheter som rapporterat sina resultat. Adjuvant behandling efter resektion bör endast ges inom ramen för kliniska studier. Det palliativa omhändertagandet har förbättrats främst genom utveckling inom endoskopi, interventionell radiologi, smärt- och nutritionsbehandling. Palliativ cytostatikabehandling bör endast ges selektivt utanför kliniska studier. Radioterapi har ingen dokumenterad effekt på överlevnaden vid icke-resektabel pankreascancer. Internationellt rekommenderas speciella behandlingsteam för pankreascancer med tillräckliga upptagningsområden (2–4 miljoner invånare).
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| 3. |
- Eckerdal, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Learning programming practice and programming theory in the computer laboratory
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Engineering Education. - 0304-3797 .- 1469-5898. ; , s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning in the computer laboratory is an important component when students learn computer programming. In this article,we analyse empirical data on novice students working in pairs in the laboratory. Using an approach inspired byphenomenography and variation theory, we specifically focus on how students’ learning of theory and their learning ofpractice interact. We found that theory-oriented and practice-oriented actions play different, but complimentary andclosely intertwined roles in students’ learning. In particular, we discuss that students’ frequent switches between practice-oriented and theory-oriented actions create a variation that is helpful for learning. This variation adds to the variation theteacher creates. Finally, wediscuss how and why frequent switches are important for the successful learning process and we suggest a couple of waysto make it more likely that students make such switches when working with assignments at the computer.
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| 4. |
- Eckerdal, Anna, 1957-
(författare)
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Novice Programming Students' Learning of Concepts and Practise
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Computer programming is a core area in computer science education that involves practical as well as conceptual learning goals. The literature in programming education reports however that novice students have great problems in their learning. These problems apply to concepts as well as to practise. The empirically based research presented in this thesis contributes to the body of knowledge on students' learning by investigating the relationship between conceptual and practical learning in novice student learning of programming. Previous research in programming education has focused either on students' practical or conceptual learning. The present research indicates however that students' problems with learning to program partly depend on a complex relationship and mutual dependence between the two. The most significant finding is that practise, in terms of activities at different levels of proficiency, and qualitatively different conceptual understandings, have dimensions of variation in common. An analytical model is suggested where the dimensions of variation relate both to concepts and activities. The implications of the model are several. With the dimensions of variation at the center of learning this implies that when students discern a dimension of variation, related conceptual understandings and the meaning embedded in related practises can be discerned. Activities as well as concepts can relate to more than one dimension. Activities at a higher level of proficiency, as well as qualitatively richer understandings of concepts, relate to more dimensions of variation. Concrete examples are given on how variation theory and patterns of variation can be applied in teaching programming. The results can be used by educators to help students discern dimensions of variation, and thus facilitate practical as well as conceptual learning.
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| 5. |
- Eckerdal, Anna, Dr., et al.
(författare)
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Students' learning process in the computer laboratory
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665462440 - 9781665462457
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this full research-to-practice paper we study novice programming students learning process in the computer laboratory. Working with laboratory assignments is an important component when students learn to program. Here the assignments are intended to help students consolidate theoretical understanding and simultaneously train practice. However, it has been observed that the learning outcome of such laboratory sessions often is unsatisfactory. In this article we ask the question "How do novice students go about learning in the computer laboratory?" We analyse empirical data on novice students working in pairs in the laboratory, which is common in a first programming course. The data consists of video films of students where they discuss and solve programming problems, screen captures of what the students typed during the same laboratory session, and stimulated recall interviews with the students after the laboratory session. In the analysis we use an approach inspired by phenomenography and variation theory. We specifically focus on typical stages in the learning process when students learn in the programming laboratory. In doing so we have identified successful and less successful learning paths, where variation can play different roles. The stages identified in students’ learning process are I. Students first need to become aware of a lack of clarity. In the data we have identified different ways in which this necessary awareness was trigged; II. If, and in that case how, they resolve the lack of clarity. In all the stages we found successful and less successful ways in which students’ handle the situations. We illustrate the stages and discuss how and why variation may play different roles in the different stages of students’ learning, specifically focusing of the unsuccessful learning paths. Lastly, we discuss what these findings can tell us about how programming labs could be designed to promote learning in terms of helping students to avoid the unsuccessful paths identified.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ingerman, Åke, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The focus of phenomenography: the phenomenon and the object of learning
- 2014
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Ingår i: Presentation at the EARLI SIG9 conference ”Disciplinary Knowledge and Necessary Conditions of Learning”, Oxford, September 1-3.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Phenomenographic studies normally aim towards exploring different ways of experiencing or understanding a phenomenon. There is an explicit claim that these ways of experiencing capture what the phenomenon may look like from the point of view of the students (or experiencers), rather than what the phenomenon is per se (ontologically or epistemologically). Studies based on the variation theory of learning, and in particular learning studies, rather refer to the object of learning as the relevant point of experiential reference in processes of learning and classroom teaching. The object of learning is generally identified and delimited by the teachers. It can be argued that the “success” of a learning study in a way can be measured by the alignment of the intended, enacted and experienced object of learning. Thus, there are succinct differences in perspective (student vs teacher) between phenomenon and object of learning. In this discussion we explore overlaps and tensions between them in relation to the ambition of analytically addressing empirical data from students discussing in groups with and without the teacher as a part of classroom teaching. Phenomena as emergent in such discussion may then be constituted differently and as distinct from the object of learning (and not reducible to the lived object of learning). Theoretical and empirical considerations are done.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Bengt E, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo regulation of mucosal transport of H+ and HCO3- in the feline gall bladder.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 148:4, s. 403-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the gall bladder of a fasting subject, a decline in the pH of the contents occurs due to secretion of H+ from the mucosa. In this study in anaesthetized cats, the gall bladder lumen was perfused with a bicarbonate buffer bubbled with 4% CO2 in air. During basal conditions, the PCO2 always rose while the pH and [HCO3-] fell in the buffer when passing through the gall bladder lumen, indicating a continuous secretion of H+ by the mucosa. This H+ secretion was enhanced by stimulation of the respective sympathetic nerves and was blocked by intraluminal amiloride. Intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) raised the pH and [HCO3-] in the buffer during the passage through the gall bladder lumen, indicating a secretion of bicarbonate from the mucosa. In view of the presence of sympathetic and VIP immunoreactive nerve fibres in the gall bladder wall and VIP receptors on the luminal epithelial cells, the study demonstrates that there are functional grounds for physiological variations in the secretion of H+ and HCO3- by the gall bladder mucosa. These variations may be important for the solubility of calcium salts in the gall bladder contents.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Bengt E, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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VIP-antiserum inhibits fluid secretion by the inflamed gallbladder mucosa.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Regulatory peptides. - 0167-0115. ; 49:3, s. 179-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inflammatory fluid secretion by the gallbladder mucosa in experimental cholecystitis is induced by an increased prostaglandin formation and is mediated by intramural nerves. In the present study the effect of VIP-antiserum on the inflammatory fluid secretion in the gallbladder was tested in a validated experimental model in cats. The animals were studied in acute experiments 6 weeks after a procedure when the cystic duct was tied and gallstones were implanted in the gallbladder. During basal conditions there was a continuous secretion of fluid into the lumen of the inflamed gallbladder averaging 0.43 +/- 0.18 ml/h. Injection of VIP antiserum, obtained from immunized rabbits and diluted with saline 1:10 in a bolus of 4 ml into the coeliac artery reversed this secretion into an absorption of 1.72 +/- 0.44 ml h-1 (P < 0.001). VIP-antiserum did not affect the fluid adsorption in control animals with an intact gallbladder and injection of control serum from rabbits not immunized to VIP did not affect fluid secretion in the inflamed gallbladders. The results support the idea that the inflammatory fluid secretion in the gallbladder mucosa is mediated by VIP-ergic nerve fibres.
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