| 1. |
- Neuman, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Infant wheeze, comorbidities and school age asthma
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 25:4, s. 380-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Factors associated with early onset of wheeze have been described, but there is limited knowledge on which of these infant wheezers who will have developed asthma in school age. The aim was to identify clinical risk factors for asthma in the 8-yr-old children that wheezed during infancy in a population-based setting. Methods: Three thousand two hundred and fifty-one children from a population-based birth cohort followed prospectively from infancy until age 8 yr were included in the study. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Parents reported any wheeze episode before age 2 yr in 823 subjects (25%). Infant wheezers had an almost fourfold risk of asthma at age 8 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.68, 95% CI 2.74-4.96], equivalent to an asthma prevalence of 14% compared with 4% among non-wheezers (p < 0.001). After adjustments for sex, exposure to tobacco smoke and indoor dampness/mould, allergic heredity (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.02-2.30), increased frequency of wheeze (aOR 3.41, 95% CI 2.09-5.56 for children with >= 3 episodes compared with <= 2 episodes during the first 2 yr of life), infant eczema (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.52-3.49), and recurrent abdominal pain (aOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.30-4.16) remained risk factors for school age asthma in the infant wheezing group. Conclusions: Among infant wheezers, allergic heredity, increased severity of wheeze, infant eczema, and recurrent abdominal pain were independent risk factors for asthma at age 8 yr. Among children with three or four of these risk factors, 38% had asthma at school age.
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| 4. |
- Thunqvist, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Lung function at 6 and 18 months after preterm birth in relation to severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Pediatric pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 1099-0496 .- 8755-6863. ; 50:10, s. 978-986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) demonstrate impaired lung function and respiratory symptoms during infancy. The relationships between initial BPD severity, lung function and respiratory morbidity are not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the association between BPD severity and subsequent lung function and whether lung function impairment is related to respiratory morbidity.
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| 5. |
- Ekstrom, S., et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index status and peripheral airway obstruction in school-age children: a population-based cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 73:6, s. 538-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Few large prospective studies have investigated the impact of body mass index (BMI) on lung function during childhood. Methods Using data collected between 2002 and 2013, we analysed associations between BMI status and lung function (assessed by spirometry) from 8 to 16 years, as well as cross-sectional associations with small airway function (impulse oscillometry) at 16 years in the BAMSE cohort (n=2889). At 16 years, cross-sectional associations with local and systemic inflammation were investigated by analysing FE NO, blood eosinophils and neutrophils. Results Overweight and obesity at 8 years were associated with higher FVC, but lower FEV 1 /FVC ratio at 8 and 16 years. In boys, but not girls, obesity at 8 years was associated with a further reduction in FEV 1 /FVC between 8 and 16 years. In cross-sectional analyses, overweight and obesity were associated with higher frequency dependence of resistance (R 5-20) and larger area under the reactance curve (AX0.5) at 16 years. Increased blood neutrophil counts were seen in overweight and obese girls, but not in boys. No association was found between BMI status and FE NO. Persistent, but not transient, overweight/obesity between 8 and 16 years was associated with higher R 5-20 and AX0.5 and lower FEV 1 /FVC (-2.8% (95% CI -4.1 to -1.2) in girls and -2.7% (95% CI -4.4 to -1.1) in boys) at 16 years, compared with persistent normal weight. Conclusion I n childhood and adolescence, overweight and obesity, particularly persistent overweight, were associated with evidence of airway obstruction, including the small airways.
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| 6. |
- Hallberg, J, et al.
(författare)
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Asthma phenotypes and lung function up to 16years of age-the BAMSE cohort.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 70:6, s. 667-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is a disease affecting many locations throughout the airway. Most studies have used spirometry as the primary assessment of airway obstruction, a method that may be less sensitive in regard to peripheral airway obstruction. The aim of this study was to elucidate the associations between asthma phenotypes based on age of onset and duration of symptoms, and (i) spirometry and (ii) small airway involvement measured by impulse oscillometry (IOS) in adolescence.
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| 7. |
- Linell, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Moving in and out of framings : Activity contexts in talks with young unemployed people within a training project
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Pragmatics. - 0378-2166 .- 1879-1387. ; 35:3, s. 409-434
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is concerned with talk activities in and through which parties simulate another talk activity. Data are drawn from a social and vocational training project for young unemployed people involving talk activities of multiple ambiguous kinds. In particular, we analyze simulated job interviews in which the young people are supposed to learn how to behave in real job interviews, but the parties seem to orient to several other goals simultaneously. Participants do not sustain a unified definition of what is going on and activities involve complexities and hybridities on several planes. This allows us to probe issues having to do with concepts like context, frame, activity type, and genre. In terms of theory, we challenge some approaches to context as developed within Conversation Analysis. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Persson Thunqvist, Daniel, 1969-
(författare)
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Samtal för arbete : Kommunikativa verksamheter i kommunala ungdomsprojekt
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is an ethnographic exploration of young unemployed people's encounters with three municipal youth projects in Sweden. The overall aim of the study, is to investigate the communicativeactivities and institutional practices that make up the daily life routines in the youth projects. The data were collected through ethnographic fieldwork in three municipal youth projects, along with taperecordingsof different types of communicative activities, including social guidance talks, lectures, group discussions and simulated job-interviews. The analyses draw upon the concept of communicative activity (kommunikativ verksamhet) and focus such issues as frarning/defmition of situation, communicative goals, activity roles, social identity and footing. Examination of these activities reveals howthe young people, the project leaders as well as the counsellors deal with different social and communicative dilemmas. The analyses attend questions of how different types of communicative activitiesfunction as practices of a socialization process that aims to change the young people's attitudes toward work and education, and daily habits by offering as well as training desirable social identities, such as a"good employee", "active and competent job-seeker", "student", or "active democratic citizen". At the same time, the analyses highlight the young people's strategies for resisting these organizational goals.Participants do not sustain a unified defmition of the situation and activities involve complexities and hybridities on several levels. It is argued that a dynamic conception of joint construction of meaning,frames and institutional practice, is particularly applicable to complex communicative activities, such as those taking place within the youth projects. This approach also cast doubts on assumptions that ascribe fixed situational definitions and activity roles to what we do in, and across, interactional encounters.
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| 9. |
- Schultz, E. S., et al.
(författare)
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Early life determinants of lung function change from childhood to adolescence
- 2018
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 139, s. 48-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Little is known about how perinatal and childhood factors influence lung function change between childhood and adolescence. Objectives: To investigate possible early life predictors of change in FEV1 between age 8 and 16 years. In addition, to investigate possible predictors of having persistently low lung function (FEV1 < 25th percentiles both at age 8 and 16) up to adolescence. Methods: The BAMSE birth cohort study collected data throughout childhood on environmental factors, individual characteristics, and spirometric measures at 8 and 16 years (n = 1425). Associations between early life predictors (n = 31) and FEV1 increase between 8 and 16 years were assessed with linear regression. Predictors of having persistently low lung function were examined. Results: Few factors were consistently associated with altered lung function growth, although low birth weight, asthma heredity (paternal), secondhand smoke in infancy, and season of birth had a significant impact (p-value <= 0.01). The majority of subjects stayed however within the same category of lung function between ages 8 and 16 years (in total 821/1425 = 58%). Predictors associated with having persistently low lung function were gestational age, secondhand smoke (at 2 and 8 years of age), and factors related to lower respiratory tract infections in infancy. Conclusions: In summary, rather few exposures in childhood were identified to have a significant impact on lung function growth between childhood and adolescence. Our data support previous study findings indicating that lung function development is influenced by factors before birth and in infancy, including second hand tobacco smoke.
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| 10. |
- Thacher, J. D., et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco smoke exposure in early life and adolescence in relation to lung function
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 51:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with impaired lung function among young children, but less is known about long-term effects and the impact of adolescents' own smoking. We investigated the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy, secondhand smoke exposure and adolescent smoking on lung function at age 16 years. The BAMSE (Barn/Child, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology) birth cohort collected information on participants' tobacco smoke exposure through repeated questionnaires, and measured saliva cotinine concentrations at age 16 years. Participants performed spirometry and impulse oscillometry (IOS) at age 16 years (n=2295). Exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of -1.1% (95% CI -2.0 to -0.2%). IOS demonstrated greater resistance at 5-20 Hz (R5-20) in participants exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Adolescents who smoked had reduced FEV1/FVC ratios of -0.9% (95% CI -1.8 to -0.1%) and increased resistance of 6.5 Pa.L-1.s (95% CI 0.7 to 12.2 Pa.L-1.s) in R5-20. Comparable associations for FEV1/FVC ratio were observed for cotinine concentrations, using. 12 ng.mL(-1) as a cut-off for adolescent smoking. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with lower FEV1/FVC ratios and increased airway resistance. In addition, adolescent smoking appears to be associated with reduced FEV1/FVC ratios and increased peripheral airway resistance.
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