| 1. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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A note on optimal paternalism and health capital subsidies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 101:3, s. 241-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper concerns the policy implications of a potential self-control problem underlying the consumption of unhealthy food. Our results show that subsidies on wealth and healthcapital can be used to implement a socially optimal resource allocation.
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| 2. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Habit formation in food consumption
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Food Consumption and Policy. - : Oxford Handbooks Online.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article summarizes the empirical literature on habit formation in food consumption in order to analyze the hypothesis that food consumption is habit forming. It reviews the main econometric models used to study habits in food consumption and describes the most commonly used demand models and departs from the static version of the models. It describes how these models can be extended to dynamic versions incorporating habit formation. The focus is on the functional form of the models rather than estimation. The empirical studies reviewed in this article generally find habit formation in food consumption, implying that dynamics is an important factor in food demand analysis. Finally, it summarizes the results and discusses fruitful areas for future research. © Oxford University Press 2011. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Daunfeldt, S-O, et al.
(författare)
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Habit Formation in Food Consumption
- 2011
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Ingår i: Oxford Handbook on the Economics of Food Consumption and Policy. ; , s. 770-790
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Habit Persistence in Food Consumption
- 2011
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Ingår i: Oxford Handbook on the Economics of Food Consumption and Policy. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199569441 ; , s. 770-790
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Nordström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Att veta eller inte veta – vill konsumenter ha information om livsmedel?
- 2015
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I denna Policy Brief använder vi ekonomiska experiment för att undersöka hur konsumenter reagerar på information om hur livsmedel påverkar hälsa och miljö. Vi finner att: • Konsumenter ofta medvetet bortser från hälso- och miljöinformation i syfte att tillåta sig själva att göra val som negativt påverkar hälsan och miljön. • Smak ofta har så stor betydelse för val av livsmedel att hälsomärkning får liten effekt på efterfrågan på livsmedel. • Konsumenter inte har negativa förutfattade meningar om smaken på hälsomärkta livsmedel.
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| 6. |
- Nordström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Do parents counter-balance the carbon emissions of their children?
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:4, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well understood that adding to the population increases CO2 emissions. At the same time, having children is a transformative experience, such that it might profoundly change adult (i.e., parents') preferences and consumption. How it might change is, however, unknown. Depending on if becoming a parent makes a person "greener" or "browner," parents may either balance or exacerbate the added CO2 emissions from their children. Parents might think more about the future, compared to childless adults, including risks posed to their children from environmental events like climate change. But parenthood also adds needs and more intensive competition on your scarce time. Carbon-intensive goods can add convenience and help save time, e.g., driving may facilitate being in more places in one day, compared to public transportation or biking. Pre-prepared food that contain red meat may save time and satisfy more household preferences, relative to vegetarian food. We provide the first rigorous test of whether parents are greener or browner than other adults. We create a unique dataset by combining detailed micro data on household expenditures of all expenditure groups particularly important for CO2 emissions (transportation, food, and heating/electricity) with CO2 emissions, and compare emissions from Swedish adults with and without children. We find that parents emit more CO2 than childless adults. Only a small fraction of adults permanently choose not to have children, which means any meaningful self-selection into parenthood based on green preferences is unlikely. Our findings suggest that having children might increase CO2 emissions both by adding to the population and by increasing CO2 emissions from those choosing to have children.
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| 7. |
- Nordström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic Ignorance of Health Risk: Its Causes and Policy Consequences
- 2018
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We examine the causes and policy consequences of strategic (willful) ignorance of risk as an excuse to overengage in risky health behavior. In an experiment on Copenhagen adults, we allow subjects to choose whether to learn the calorie content of a meal before consuming it, and measure their subsequent calorie intake. We find strong evidence of strategic ignorance: 46% of subjects choose to ignore calorie information, and these subjects subsequently consume morecalories on average than they would have had they been informed. We find that strategically ignorant subjects downplay the health risk of their preferred meal being high-calorie, which we formally show is consistent with the theory of optimal expectations about risk. Further, we find that the prevalence of strategic ignorance largely negates the effectiveness of calorie information provision: on average, subjects who have the option to ignore calorie information consume about the same number of calories as subjects who are provided no information.
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| 8. |
- Nordström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic ignorance of health risk: its causes and policy consequences
- 2023
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Ingår i: Behavioural Public Policy. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2398-0648 .- 2398-063X. ; 7:1, s. 83-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the causes and policy implications of strategic (willful) ignorance of risk as an excuse to over-engage in risky health behavior. In an experiment on Copenhagen adults, we allow subjects to choose whether to learn the calorie content of a meal before consuming it and then measure their subsequent calorie intake. Consistent with previous studies, we find strong evidence of strategic ignorance: 46% of subjects choose to ignore calorie information, and these subjects subsequently consume more calories on average than they would have had they been informed. While previous studies have focused on self-control as the motivating factor for strategic ignorance of calorie information, we find that ignorance in our study is instead motivated by optimal expectations – subjects choose ignorance so that they can downplay the probability of their preferred meal being high-calorie. We discuss how the motivation matters to policy. Further, we find that the prevalence of strategic ignorance largely negates the effects of calorie information provision: on average, subjects who have the option to ignore calorie information consume the same number of calories as subjects who are provided no information.
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| 9. |
- Nordström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Styrning av konsumenter mot miljövänligare och hälsosammare produkter : Information och ekonomiska incitament
- 2015
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sammanfattning av projektets resultatInom projektet har vi studerat effekter av ekonomiska styrmedel för att nå en mer hållbar konsumtion från ett miljö- och hälsoperspektiv. Mer specifikt har vi studerat hur konsumenter ändrar sitt konsumtionsbeteende till följd av att vi ger dem information eller inför skatter och subventioner på olika varor. Vi har även studerat i vilken utsträckning konsumenter är villiga att betala ett prispremium för hälsofrämjande attribut i livsmedel och hur väl konsumenter kan förutse sina framtida preferenser för olika varor.Mer specifikt har projektet bidragit med följande insikter och resultat:1. Konsumenter undviker ofta strategiskt produktinformation om hälsa och miljöpåverkan (det vill säga värderar denna information negativt) och detta beteende har stor betydelse för informationens effekt på efterfrågan.2. Om information innehåller kunskap om den sociala normen så väljer konsumenter att ta del av information i betydligt större utsträckning.3. Smak är så avgörande för efterfrågan på livsmedel att hälsomärkning i vissa fall har liten effekt på efterfrågan.4. Konsumenter har ingen förutfattad mening om att hälsomärkta produkter smakar sämre.5. Konsumenter är villiga att betala ett premium för hälsofrämjande (”functional”) attribut, om dessa attribut är naturliga och smaken är opåverkad.6. Många konsumenter har stora svårigheter att förutsäga sina framtida preferenser, även över begränsad tid och över en begränsad, känd och konstant valmängd.7. Konsumenter med låg inkomst gynnas ekonomiskt av skattereformer ämnade att främja hälsosam konsumtion av spannmålsprodukter, men hälsoeffekterna är komplexa.8. Utifrån ett folkhälsoperspektiv bör man beskatta samtliga köttprodukter och inte enbart nötkött, beskattning av enbart nötkött leder till exempel till ett ökat intag av mättat fett.Det bör noteras att resultaten nummer ett till sex baseras på experiment i en kontrollerad miljö, med ett begränsat antal produkter och ett begränsat antal respondenter. Det behövs därför fler studier på andra urval av både livsmedelsprodukter och respondenter. För våra urval är dock ovan angivna resultat starka.
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| 10. |
- Nordström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of price reductions on individuals' choice of healthy meals away from home
- 2015
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8304 .- 0195-6663. ; 89, s. 103-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food high in energy but low in nutritional value is an important contributor to several serious illnesses, and one type of food that is particularly high in energy but low in nutrition is food consumed away from home. In this paper, we examine the demand and willingness to pay for healthy, Keyhole-labelled meals. A Keyhole-labelled meal is particularly low in energy, fat, sugar and salt, but particularly high in fibre. The results suggest that to get the majority of individuals to choose the healthy option regularly it would be necessary to alter the relative price between healthy and less healthy meals. Generally groups of individuals with a poor nutritional intake require a larger compensation (subsidy) before they choose the healthy alternative. About one third of respondents would choose the healthy option regularly if the prices for a healthy and less healthy meal were the same. In particular groups of individuals who already have a relatively good nutritional intake would select the healthy option. Groups with a generally poor nutritional intake (men and individuals with lower education and lower income) would gain health benefits from a subsidy of Keyhole-labelled meals.
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