| 1. |
- Ahmadi Moghaddam, Elham, et al.
(författare)
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Gas Hydrates as a Means for Biogas and Biomethane Distribution
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Energy Research. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-598X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomethane is receiving great attention as a renewable energy gas with lower environmental impacts and diversified sources of production. However, availability of gas infrastructure is an important factor in biomethane development and use. Biomethane can be distributed by the natural gas or local biogas grid. Biomethane can also be road-transported as compressed biomethane (CBG) or liquefied bio-methane (LBG). Biomethane could be distributed via gas hydration technology, where methane molecules are physically trapped within the crystalline structures of frozen host water molecules as gas hydrate compounds. Using life cycle assessment methodology, this study compared the energy performance and climate impact of two gas hydrate scenarios, biogas hydrate and biomethane hydrate, with that of a base case distributing biomethane as CBG. The technical system, from biogas upgrading, hydration, compression and road transport to filling station of biomethane as CBG, was included in the analysis. Results of this study show that distribution of biomethane as gas hydrates had a lower energy performance and higher climate impact than compressed biomethane distribution. The low energy performance was due to high electricity demand in hydrate formation and dissociation processes. The gas hydrate scenarios also had higher climate impacts as a result of high methane losses from hydrate formation and dissociationdissociation and emissions related to energy source use. Biogas upgrading to biomethane also significantly contributed to methane losses and climate impact of the scenarios studied.
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| 2. |
- Björnberg, K. E., et al.
(författare)
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The role of biotechnology in sustainable agriculture : Views and perceptions among key actors in the Swedish food supply chain
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 7:6, s. 7512-7529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Researchers have put forward agricultural biotechnology as one possible tool for increasing food production and making agriculture more sustainable. In this paper, it is investigated how key actors in the Swedish food supply chain perceive the concept of agricultural sustainability and the role of biotechnology in creating more sustainable agricultural production systems. Based on policy documents and semi-structured interviews with representatives of five organizations active in producing, processing and retailing food in Sweden, an attempt is made to answer the following three questions: How do key actors in the Swedish food supply chain define and operationalize the concept of agricultural sustainability? Who/what influences these organizations' sustainability policies and their respective positions on agricultural biotechnology? What are the organizations' views and perceptions of biotechnology and its possible role in creating agricultural sustainability? Based on collected data, it is concluded that, although there is a shared view of the core constituents of agricultural sustainability among the organizations, there is less explicit consensus on how the concept should be put into practice or what role biotechnology can play in furthering agricultural sustainability.
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| 4. |
- Carton, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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On-farm experiments on cultivation of grain legumes for food - outcomes from a farmer-researcher collaboration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. - 1742-1705 .- 1742-1713. ; 37, s. 457-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing interest among farmers and consumers in increasing production and consumption of grain legumes in Sweden. This requires better knowledge among farmers and advisors about suitable species, varieties and management practices for different conditions. Since cultivar suitability and management practices are highly site-specific, farmers need to gain their own experience of new crops and practices. This paper describes a farmer-researcher collaboration in which cultivation of grain legumes for food was investigated in on-farm experiments designed, managed and evaluated jointly by a group of farmers and researchers. Farmers tested innovative practices using within-field species diversity, comparative performance of varieties and methods for weed control. Post-harvest steps such as cleaning and selling the crops were considered by farmers to be integral components of the experiments. The process generated different types of knowledge, including practical knowledge on crop management, strategic knowledge on economic sustainability and knowledge about joint learning through collaboration. The on-farm experiments combined advantages of 'pure' farmer experiments (i.e., context specificity) and 'pure' researcher experiments (i.e., scientific inquiry), facilitating deeper analysis and understanding of outcomes. This enabled efficient knowledge building, adoption of new crops and innovative practices and stimulated further experimentation. The outcomes of this study are that farmer-researcher collaborations using on-farm experiments can stimulate collective learning by stimulating the exchange between participants and combining complementary perspectives throughout the experimentation process. The study also provides recommendations for facilitating on-farm experiments in future work, for instance using collective settings to evaluate the results.
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| 6. |
- Cederberg, Christel, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Jordbrukets ekosystemtjänster. Från koncept till gårdsbaserade indikatorer
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ekosystemtjänster kan definieras som de nyttigheter, i vid bemärkelse, som naturensekosystem ger oss människor. Det stora forskningsprojektet Millennium EcosystemAssessment som initierades av FN är en milstolpe som satte begreppet ekosystemtjänsterpå den politiska agendan på tidigt 2000-tal. Det markerar också startpunkten för en snabbtexpanderande vetenskaplig verksamhet inom området. Syftet med föreliggande rapport äratt beskriva jordbrukets ekosystemtjänster och undersöka vilka existerande förslag påindikatorer för ekosystemtjänster som finns i den vetenskapliga litteraturen och som kanvara användbara på gårdsnivå där besluten om produktion och markanvändning tas.Denna rapport, som baseras på en litteraturgenomgång genomförd i början av 2015, geren kort introduktion till begreppet ekosystemtjänster med utgångspunkt från definitioner ilitteraturen och utvecklingen inom området. Den skiftande terminologin inom området tasupp liksom olika begrepp och steg som är nödvändiga vid en kvantifiering och värderingav ekosystemtjänster. Förståelse om dessa begrepp är viktig vid tolkning av befintligaindikatorer såväl som vid utveckling av nya. Rapporten ger exempel från litteraturenpå indikatorer för ekosystemtjänster och konstaterar att dessa företrädesvis är utveckladeför större skalor som t ex landskap, region eller kontinent. Indikatorer som är framtagnaför ekosystemtjänster på gårdsnivå förekommer mindre ofta i litteraturen.Rapporten diskuterar möjligheter och svårigheter kopplade till att utveckla och användaindikatorer för ekosystemtjänster på gårdsnivå och konstaterar att tillgången på data är enutmaning men att det finns goda möjligheter att ytterligare utveckla indikatorer som kanvara meningsfulla på gården. Vissa ekosystemtjänster har dock större relevans förlandskapsnivån än för gårdsnivån och en utveckling av indikatorer för dessa ekosystemtjänsterutgör en särskild utmaning eftersom systemgränserna är svårdefinierade.Indikatorer för ekosystemtjänster kan dels användas inom gården som underlag för attfölja upp olika åtgärder, dels för att kommunicera kring gårdens produktion av olikaekosystemtjänster till aktörer i produktkedjan eller gentemot myndigheter ochbeslutsfattare. Vid utveckling av indikatorer för ekosystemtjänster i jordbruket behöverindikatorernas syfte, användningsområden och intressenternas behov klargöras ochbeaktas. När ekosystemtjänster bedöms är det viktigt att involvera olika intressenter, inteminst när man behöver bedöma avvägningar mellan olika typer av ekosystemtjänstervilket kan kräva engagemang och beslut på flera olika samhällsnivåer
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| 7. |
- Eckersten, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen leaching and soil organic carbon sequestration of a Barley crop with improved N use efficiency : A regional case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica - Section B. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 0906-4710 .- 1651-1913. ; 67:7, s. 615-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential of modified spring barley crops with improved nitrogen (N) use efficiency to reduce nitrogen (N) leaching and to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) storage was assessed at the regional scale. This was done using simulation model applications designed for reporting according to the Helcom (Helsinki Commission) and Kyoto protocols. Using model simulations based on modified crops N dynamics and SOC were assessed for three agro-ecological regions (latitudes ranging 55°20′–60°40′ N) in Sweden over a 20-year period. The modified N use properties of spring barley were implemented in the SOILNDB model (simulating soil C, N, water and heat, and plant N dynamics) by changing the parameters for root N uptake efficiency and plant N demand within a range given by previous model applications to different crops. A doubling of the daily N uptake efficiency and increased N demand (by ca 30%) reduced N leaching by 24%–31%, increased plant N content by 9%–12%, depending on region. The effects of the modified crop on SOC was simulated with the ICBM model, resulting in an increased SOC content (0–25 cm depth) by 57–79 kg C ha−1 y−1. The results suggest that a modified crop might reduce N leaching from spring barley area, in a range similar to the targets of relevant environmental protection directives, a result which held more in the northern than southern regions. The simulated SOC increase on a hectare basis was highest for the central region and least for the most northern region. For the total agricultural area the share of spring barley area was small and more crops would need to be modified to reach the emission reduction targets.
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