| 1. |
- Alsmark, UCM, et al.
(författare)
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Two outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis associated with cattle spring pasture events
- 2018
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Ingår i: Veterinary Parasitology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-9390. ; 14, s. 71-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over a period of less than four weeks, 50 human cases of cryptosporidiosis were reported from a relatively small geographical area in Sweden. All cases were associated with visits to cattle spring pasture events at two farms (referred to as Farm A and B). Epidemiological and microbiological evidence show that contact with calves at the farms was the most likely source of Cryptosporidium infections. Gp60 sequences from human and calf isolates at Farm A were identical to each other, but differed from those at Farm B where, again, human and calf gp60 sequences were identical, proving that the two outbreaks had no common origin. As a direct consequence of these two outbreaks, and guided by knowledge gained from the outbreak investigations, the Swedish Board of Agriculture and all relevant farmer advisory organizations have updated their hygiene instructions for farm visits.
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| 2. |
- Karp, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Clostridioides difficile incidence related to in-hospital cephalosporin use: a tale of two highly comparable hospitals.
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2091 .- 0305-7453. ; 74:1, s. 182-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic treatment is a well-known risk factor for healthcare facility-associated Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (HCF-CDI). Antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASPs) targeting high-risk antibiotics have been shown to decrease HCF-CDI incidence. HCF-CDI incidence is high in Nordic countries despite relatively low antibiotic use in hospital.To determine if HCF-CDI incidence was modified by a hospital ASP that restricted cephalosporin use.The effects of an ASP on HCF-CDI incidence were evaluated in a two-centre setting using a retrospective design. We exploited a strategy of both individual case ascertainment based on chart reviews and aggregated data from the hospitals. Cases were attributed to the antibiotics given prior to disease onset, in proportion to the number of DDDs used. Three periods were studied: 2007 (before the ASP), 2012 and 2015.At the ASP hospital, cephalosporin use decreased by 87% and the number of HCF-CDI/1000 hospital admissions decreased significantly from 2.25 (2007) to 1.16 (2015) (P=0.0014). The corresponding results at the non-ASP hospital showed a non-significant increase from 2.09 to 2.38. A high number of cases could be attributed to cephalosporins at both hospitals. The increased use of other broad-spectrum antibiotics, e.g. piperacillin/tazobactam, at the ASP hospital was not associated with offsetting increases in attributable HCF-CDI cases.Decreased use of cephalosporins is an effective strategy to decrease HCF-CDI incidence over time in a setting with high incidence and low antibiotic use.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Olofsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Low level of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli among Swedish nursing home residents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 45:2, s. 117-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Screening for bacterial colonization and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among a defined population could aid in the identification of at-risk populations and provide targets for antibiotic stewardship and infection control programmes. Methods: Two hundred and sixty-eight participants at 11 Swedish nursing homes underwent serial screening for colonization with Escherichia coli between March 2008 and September 2010. Seventy-two of the 268 participants (27%) were male. The median age was 85 y. Samples were collected from urine, the rectal mucosa, the groin, and active skin lesions. Results: Two hundred and nine of 268 participants (78%) were colonized with E. coli at any body site/fluid. The specific colonization rates were 81% (rectum), 48% (urine), 30% (groin), 59% (unknown), and 13% (skin lesion). An antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolate was identified in 18% of all participants regardless of colonization status; all together, 87 resistant isolates were detected. Only 1 participant carried isolates with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftazidime). Conclusions: The presence of resistance was generally low, and the greater part of the resistant cases was connected with 3 common antibiotics: ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin. In spite of generally increasing resistance against third-generation cephalosporins in E. coli in Sweden, this study does not implicate residence at a Swedish nursing home as a risk factor for the acquisition of expressed cephalosporin resistance.
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| 5. |
- Rizzardi, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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National Surveillance for Clostridioides difficile Infection, Sweden, 2009-2016
- 2018
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 24:9, s. 1617-1625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report results from a national surveillance program for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Sweden, where CDI incidence decreased by 22% and the proportion of multidrug-resistant isolates decreased by 80% during 2012-2016. Variation in incidence between counties also diminished during this period, which might be attributable to implementation of nucleic acid amplification testing as the primary diagnostic tool for most laboratories. In contrast to other studies, our study did not indicate increased CDI incidence attributable the introduction of nucleic acid amplification testing. Our results also suggest that successful implementation of hygiene measures is the major cause of the observed incidence decrease. Despite substantial reductions in CDI incidence and prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates, Sweden still has one of the highest CDI incidence levels in Europe. This finding is unexpected and warrants further investigation, given that Sweden has among the lowest levels of antimicrobial drug use.
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| 6. |
- Toepfer, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental contamination by Chlamydia trachomatis RNA can cause false-positive test results in clinical samples.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0148-5717 .- 1537-4521. ; 48:7, s. e88-e90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An investigation of unexpected positive test results for Chlamydia trachomatis at a women's health clinic in Sweden revealed that samples were contaminated by RNA in clinic. The risk for RNA contamination at clinic has been postulated previously. We are, however, not aware that this has actually been demonstrated in practice.
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