| 1. |
- Buzio, L, et al.
(författare)
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Glutathione S-transferases M1-1 and T1-1 as risk modifiers for renal cell cancer associated with occupational exposure to chemicals
- 2003
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 60:10, s. 789-793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate the possible interaction between occupational risk factors and genotype for glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in renal cell cancer (RCC). Methods: One hundred patients with RCC and 200 outpatient controls were enrolled at Parma University Hospital. The polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1-1 (GSTM1) and T1-1 (GSTT1) were investigated by PCR, occupational history was collected by a structured questionnaire. Results: Subjects with GSTM1 present genotype showed higher risks for RCC, compared to GSTM1 null subjects, if exposed to metals (OR 2.73, 95% CI 0.91 to 8.22 v 1.14, 95% CI 0.46 to 2.82) or pesticides (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.12 to 10.74 v 1.59, 95% CI 0.48 to 5.34). The GSTT1 present genotype also enhanced the risk (about twofold) of RCC among subjects exposed to solvents and pesticides, compared with those GSTT1 null. Conclusions: Results support the hypothesis that GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms can interact with several occupational exposures to significantly modify the risk of RCC among exposed subjects.
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| 2. |
- Buzio, L, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational risk factors for renal cell cancer. An Italian case-control study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Medicina del Lavoro. - 0025-7818. ; 93:4, s. 303-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine possible associations between occupational and environmental risk factors and renal cell cancer (RCC), a tumour with unclear aetiology and increasing incidence. Methods: A questionnaire-based case-control study of 100 histologically verified cases of RCC and 200 controls was conducted at Parma University Hospital. The control group was enrolled from patients attending different outpatient departments and represented the same residential area as the cases. For all exposure variables under study, two levels of duration were defined: "short" and "prolonged" for less than 10 years or more, respectively. Results: The highest risk estimates for RCC were found for "prolonged" exposure to organic solvents with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.2 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.0-4,8). "Prolonged" exposures to pesticides and copper sulphate were also associated with increased risk, OR 2.0 (95% CI: 0.8-4.7) and OR 2.7 (95% CI: 1.3-5.5), respectively. Conclusions: Our data suggests an association between RCC and exposure to organic solvents, pesticides and copper sulphate. A risk gradient as a function of exposure duration was found for organic solvents (p= 0.044) and copper sulphate (p= 0.036), but not for pesticides.
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| 3. |
- Dick, FD, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-environment interactions in parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease : The Geoparkinson study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 64:10, s. 673-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate associations of Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes with polymorphic genes that influence metabolism of either foreign chemical substances or dopamine and to seek evidence of gene-environment interaction effects that modify risk. Methods: A case-control study of 959 prevalent cases of parkinsonism (767 with PD) and 1989 controls across five European centres. Occupational hygienists estimated the average annual intensity of exposure to solvents, pesticides and metals, (iron, copper, manganese), blind to disease status. CYP2D6, PON1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTM3, GSTP1, NQO1, CYP1B1, MAO-A, MAO-B, SOD 2, EPHX, DATl, DRD2 and NAT2 were genotyped. Results were analysed using multiple logistic regression adjusting for key confounders. Results: There was a modest but significant association between MAO-A polymorphism in males and disease risk (G vs T, OR 1.30, 95% C1 1.02 to 1.66, adjusted). The majority of gene-environment analyses did not show significant interaction effects. There were possible interaction effects between GSTM1 null genotype and solvent exposure (which were stronger when limited to PD cases only). Conclusions: Many small studies have reported associations between genetic polymorphisms and PD. Fewer have examined gene-environment interactions. This large study was sufficiently powered to examine these aspects. GSTM1 null subjects heavily exposed to solvents appear to be at increased risk of PD. There was insufficient evidence that the other gene-environment combinations investigated modified disease risk, suggesting they contribute little to the burden of PD.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Landtblom, Anne-Marie, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The risk for multiple sclerosis in female nurse anaesthetists : A register based study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 63:6, s. 387-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have suggested that exposure to organic solvents, including volatile anaesthetic agents, may be a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), possibly in combination with genetic and other environmental factors. Aims: To further investigate the role of volatile anaesthetic agents having similar acute toxic effects to other organic solvents. Methods: Female nurse anaesthetists, other female nurses, and female teachers from middle and upper compulsory school levels were identified and retrieved from the 1985 census, Statistics Sweden. By means of the unique personal identity number in Sweden, these individuals were linked with the disability pension registers at The National Social Insurance Board and also with data on hospital care 1985-2000 at The National Board of Health and Welfare. Results: The cumulative incidence rate ratio of MS was found to be increased in female nurse anaesthetists in relation to other nurses (statistically not significant) and teachers (statistically significant), respectively. Conclusions: These findings give some support to previous findings of an increased risk for MS in nurse anaesthetists. This is interesting in the context of previous observations of organic solvents in general as a potential risk factor in MS.
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| 6. |
- Lindh, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life in patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy compared with the general population
- 2011
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Ingår i: DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 33:7, s. 617-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy. Method. Two validated instruments (SF-36 and EQ-5D) were sent to 86 patients with a 72% response rate (44 men, 18 women). As reference, 2721 individuals (1292 men, 1429 women; 59% response rate) from the general population responded to the same QOL instruments. Results. Compared to the general population, QOL was significantly more affected in patients with polyneuropathy concerning motor functions, with 42% of the patients reporting problems with walking, 7% having difficulties with washing and dressing, and 31% having problems with usual activities (work, study, household work, and family or leisure activities). The EQ-5D results showed that 85% of the patients were suffering from pain compared to 56% of the general population. Mental health was preserved among patients with polyneuropathy. Mobility was declining with increasing age in patients, but was not affected by disease duration. Conclusions. Our study showed that patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy have a lower QOL compared to the general population, although mental health scores did not differ between the groups. This information may be helpful when explaining the disease and its impact on newly diagnosed patients.
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| 7. |
- Lindh, Jonas, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1 and EPHX genotypes in patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy: a case control study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. - 2162-3279 .- 2162-3279. ; 1:2, s. 135-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to analyze whether polymorphisms for the null alleles of Glutathione S-Transferase Mu-1 (GSTM1) and Theta-1 (GSTT1) and a low activity genetic variation of epoxide hydrolase exon three (EPHX*3) affect the risk of developing polyneuropathy. The enzymes of these genes are important in the metabolism of toxic compounds. 79 patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy (equivalent to chronic idiopathic axonal neuropathy) and 398 controls were tested for the genetic polymorphism. Medical records were reviewed to collect data regarding clinical findings at diagnosis, and exposure data was collected via questionnaires. The odds ratios (OR) for the null forms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and the normal activity YY form of EPHX*3 were close to one except GSTT1, which reached 1.86. The highest risk of polyneuropathy was found in smokers with GSTT1 null, who had a 3.7 times increased risk. Interactions between genes were analyzed and confirmed the increased odds ratio for GSTT1, which was strongest if the patients had the low activity HH form of EPHX*3 (OR 2.37). Our hypothesis is that the GSTT1 null polymorphism may be related to an impaired metabolism of toxic substances that could lead to nerve damage in the peripheral nervous system.
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| 8. |
- Nordlund, Anders, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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EQ-5D in a general population survey - A description of the most commonly reported EQ-5D health states using the SF-36
- 2005
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 14:4, s. 1099-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of studying health-related quality of life in the general population has increasingly been emphasized. From a public health perspective, this benefits the identification of population inequalities in health status. One of the currently most popular instruments is the EQ-5D. Evaluations of the EQ-5D generally focus on the overall preference-based index. As this index has a built-in value, exploration of the information from the underlying health states is also important. In this study, the ten most commonly reported EQ-5D health states are described using the SF-36. Data collected in 1999 by questionnaires mailed to a random sample aged 20-74 in south-eastern Sweden were used (n = 9489). Almost 43% reported the best possible EQ-5D health state and 78% were accounted for by three EQ-5D health states. The EQ-5D health state classification was largely reflected by the SF-36, with the EQ-5D items mobility, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression tapping most clearly on the SF-36 scales physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health problems, bodily pain, and mental health, respectively. However, within the same level of EQ-5D (i.e., moderate problems) there was a rather large variation of SF-36 scale scores, particularly regarding the EQ-5D item pain/discomfort and the SF-36 scale BP. © Springer 2005.
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