| 1. |
- Amato, Elisabetta, et al.
(författare)
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A Resource Sharing Method for Reliable Slice as a Service Provisioning in 5G Metro Networks
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 25th Conference On Optical Network Design And Modelling, ONDM 2021. - 9783903176331 ; , s. 1-3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a dynamic slice provisioning analysis in a 5G metro network with reliability guarantees and possible sharing of backup resources. Performance of dedicated (DP) and shared (SP) protection solutions are evaluated with respect to slice resource allocation (i.e., bandwidth and processing units). The main results show a remarkable saving, in terms of slice acceptance rate, by applying SP solutions with respect to conventional DP ones.
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| 2. |
- Amato, Elisabetta, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiated protection in 5G vehicular networks
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive, AEIT AUTOMOTIVE 2020.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automotive applications need high reliability and service continuity to support self-driving and safety in smart city environments. Suitable allocation of network functions is studied and optimal solutions based on Integer Linear Programming methodology are found. Differentiated reliability concept is applied in the presence of two different 5G classes of service, namely eMBB and URLLC. Saving of processing and bandwidth resources is numerically evaluated by combining service-based shared and dedicated protection in a reference scenario. Scalability aspects of the approach are also discussed.
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| 3. |
- Borsatti, Davide, et al.
(författare)
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From IoT to Cloud: Applications and Performance of the MQTT Protocol
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. - 2162-7339. ; 2020-July, s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study of the MQTT publish/subscribe protocol with different QoS levels is presented with the aim to extend the Internet of Things (IoT) concept across access, edge and transport networks and reach cloud computing facilities. A simple testbed is set up with related software components to measure the end-to-end delivery latency between the publisher and the subscribers and the impact of the network delay caused by network configurations with different service deployments. In particular, the latency is shown to rise up to more than 7 times the average network delay when the QoS 2 level is applied, thus indicating that its adoption must be carefully considered.
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| 4. |
- Di Cicco, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization over time of reliable 5G-RAN with network function migrations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Computer Networks. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-1286. ; 215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resource optimization in 5G Radio Access Networks (5G-RAN) has to face the dynamics over time in networks with increasing numbers of nodes and virtual network functions. In this context, multiple objectives need to be jointly optimized, and key application requirements such as latency must be enforced. In addition, virtual network functions realizing baseband processing are subject to failures of the cloud infrastructure, requiring an additional level of reliability. Overall, this is a complex problem to solve, requiring fast algorithms to cope with dynamic networks while avoiding resource overprovisioning. This paper considers the problem of optimal virtual function placement in 5G-RAN with reliability against a single DU Hotel failure and proposes a solution that takes service dynamics into account. Firstly, the joint optimization of the total number of DU Hotels, of the RU–DU latency and of the backup DU sharing in a static traffic scenario is considered, and the DUOpt algorithm, based on Lexicographic Optimization, is proposed for solving efficiently this multi-objective problem. DUOpt splits the multi-objective problem into smaller Integer Linear Programming (ILP) subproblems that are sequentially solved, adopting for each one the most effective methodology to reduce the total execution time. The proposed DUOpt algorithm is extensively benchmarked to show its effectiveness in optimization of medium to large size networks: in particular, it is shown to greatly outperform an aggregate multi-objective approach, being able to compute optimal or close to optimal solutions for networks of several tens of nodes in computing times of a few seconds. Then, the problem is extended to a dynamic traffic scenario in which optimization is performed over time. In this context, in addition to the aforementioned objectives, the total number of network function migrations induced by multiple reoptimizations must be kept to the minimum. For solving efficiently this problem the DUMig algorithm is proposed, which extends and improves DUOpt. Reoptimization over a time horizon of one day in an illustrative dynamic traffic scenario is performed to evaluate the proposed DUMig algorithm against DUOpt, the latter being oblivious of the traffic dynamics. DUMig shows remarkable savings in the total number of migrations (above 86.1% for primary virtual functions and 83% for backup virtual functions) compared to DUOpt, while preserving near-optimal resource assignment.
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| 5. |
- Fernandes, Andre L.P., et al.
(författare)
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A Cost Assessment Methodology for User-Centric Distributed Massive MIMO Architectures
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. - 2644-125X. ; 5, s. 3517-3543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- User-centric (UC) distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (D-mMIMO), also known as cell-free mMIMO, is a pivotal technology for enabling future mobile communication systems. While UC D-mMIMO intrinsically follows a distributed architecture, its processing can be implemented in a distributed or centralized fashion. This paper proposes a comprehensive cost assessment methodology for UC D-mMIMO, capturing its total cost of ownership and factoring in the deployment configuration, processing implementation, computational demands, and fronthaul signaling. The methodology considers two transmission reception point (TRP) deployment strategies. The first focuses only on supporting user equipment (UE) demands, while the other fulfills these requirements and also actively strives to provide a fairer service among UEs. The proposed methodology is then used to perform a techno-economic assessment of the feasibility of centralized versus distributed processing functional splits while varying key costs and TRP capabilities, like antenna and served UE count. Results suggest that with the TRP deployment that only supports the required UE rate, distributed processing is usually the most feasible option for UE demands of up to 50 Mbps, and centralized processing is more cost-effective in other cases. Additionally, when considering the actively fairer TRP deployment, centralized processing becomes cheaper for any UE demands.
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| 6. |
- John, Wolfgang, et al.
(författare)
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ANIARA Project - Automation of Network Edge Infrastructure and Applications with Artificial Intelligence
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ada User Journal. - 1381-6551. ; 42:2, s. 92-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging use-cases like smart manufacturing and smart cities pose challenges in terms of latency, which cannot be satisfied by traditional centralized infrastructure. Edge networks, which bring computational capacity closer to the users/clients, are a promising solution for supporting these critical low latency services. Different from traditional centralized networks, the edge is distributed by nature and is usually equipped with limited compute capacity. This creates a complex network to handle, subject to failures of different natures, that requires novel solutions to work in practice. To reduce complexity, edge application technology enablers, advanced infrastructure and application orchestration techniques need to be in place where AI and ML are key players.
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| 7. |
- Lashgari, Maryam, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Designing and Operating Optical Transport Networks in 5G and Beyond Scenarios
- 2023
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Ingår i: Photonic Networks and Devices in Proceedings Advanced Photonics Congress 2023 - Part of Advanced Photonics Congress 2023.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deploying and operating optical transport networks is a complex task. This paper presents a few challenges operators must tackle when considering 5G and beyond scenarios and the lesson learned by addressing them.
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| 8. |
- Lashgari, Maryam, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Fiber- vs. Microwave-based 5G Transport: a Total Cost of Ownership Analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Answering a key question from operators, the paper compares the techno-economic performance of fiber and microwave-based 5G transport deployments using vendor’s inventories and real-life field deployment scenarios. Results highlight how microwave gains vary based on the geo-types, the fiber trenching, and microwave equipment costs.
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| 9. |
- Lashgari, Maryam, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economics of 5G transport deployments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 12429
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Network densification is a crucial enabler for 5G, requiring the installation of a large number of devices and/or cables for the 5G transport network. This invited paper provides a techno-economic study focusing on adopting microwave and fiber equipment for 5G transport network deployments. Different architectures for low layer split supporting latency critical services are considered.
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| 10. |
- Lashgari, Maryam, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economics of Fiber vs. Microwave for Mobile Transport Network Deployments [Invited]
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. - 1943-0620 .- 1943-0639. ; 15:7, s. C74-C87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the challenges for network operators is to design and deploy cost-efficient transport networks (TNs) to meet the high capacity and strict latency/reliability requirements of today’s emerging services. Therefore, they need to consider different aspects, including the appropriate technology, the level of reconfigurability, and the functional split option. A crucial aspect of network design is assessing the impact of these aspects against the total cost of ownership (TCO), latency, and reliability performance of a given solution. For this reason, this paper proposes a framework to investigate the TCO, latency, and reliability performance of a set of fiber and microwave-based TN architectures. They are categorized based on their baseband functional split option and the reconfigurability capabilities of the equipment used. The results, based on real data from a non-incumbent operator, show that in most of the considered scenarios, a microwavebased TN exhibits lower TCO than a fiber-based one. The TCO gain may vary with the choice of the functional split option, geo-type, reconfigurability features, fiber trenching costs, and cost of microwave equipment, with a more significant impact in a dense urban geo-type, where for a low layer functional split option the fiber- and microwave-based architectures have a comparable TCO. Finally, it was found that the considered fiber and microwave architectures have almost similar average latency and connection availability performance. Both are suitable to meet the service requirements of 5G and beyond 5G services in most of the considered scenarios. Only in extreme latency-critical scenarios, a small number of the cells might not fully satisfy the latency requirements of a low layer split option due to multiple microwave hops in the microwave-based architecture.
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