| 1. |
- Chirumalla, Koteshwar, Associate Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Circular Business Models for the Electric Vehicle Battery Second Life : Navigating Battery Ecosystem Actors Towards Circularity
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The electrification of vehicles has become a critical means to achieve climate-neutral transportation. As more electric vehicles (EV) are adopted, an increasing number of lithiumion batteries will be utilized, inevitably experiencing capacity degradation over time. Retaining the value of these retired batteries through remanufacturing, reusing, and repurposing to create a second life holds significant environmental and economic benefits. However, many companies within the battery ecosystem struggle to capitalize on this opportunity due to a lack of business insight and suitable business models tailored to their operational contexts.The ReCreate (Second Life Management of Electric Vehicle Batteries) research project was initiated to address these industrial needs through close collaboration with selected companies in the battery ecosystem. The project aims to define appropriate circular business models, methods, and processes to guide battery ecosystem actors in developing and implementing electric vehicle battery second life solutions, thereby advancing circularity around batteries and climate-neutral objectives. This handbook represents the culmination of three years of research within the ReCreate project. Its purpose is to present a simplified and practical overview of project outcomes across a series of key chapters. Comprising six chapters, the handbook will begin by discussing barriers and enablers, followed by circular business models and battery ecosystem management. It will then delve into design principles and performance monitoring guidelines, concluding with an integrated framework for second life and circular solutions for EV batteries. Each chapter briefly presents the main findings of the theme and concludes with discussion questions. The discussion questions include suggestions for relevant templates for workshops, and all templates are conveniently provided in the appendix for practical application. These templates serve as boundary objects, offering a starting point for internal and external cross-functional and cross-organizational dialogues within the electric vehicle battery ecosystem. They facilitate discussions and collaborations among various stakeholders, fostering alignment and synergy in developing circular business models for the second life of EV batteries. By facilitating reflection on current business strategies, needs, and pain points, the handbook aims to aid in the definition of future second life business strategies. We anticipate that this handbook will serve as a valuable resource for actors within the EV battery ecosystem, supporting their journey towards climate-neutral transportation.
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| 2. |
- Chirumalla, Koteshwar, Associate Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Configurations for second-life operations of electric vehicle batteries : A guiding framework for ecosystem management
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Firms need multi-stakeholder ecosystems to create successful second-life business models for electric vehicle (EV) batteries. However, there is a lack of guiding instrumentsto support the process of strategizing and managing the EV battery ecosystem for secondlife operations. The purpose of this study is to propose a guiding framework that could support firms in the EV battery ecosystem to establish and manage various configurations for second-life operations. The study developed a framework with four configuration phases—namely, firm-level initiation, ecosystem construction, firm-level optimization, and ecosystem orchestration. Based on these phases, the paper describes three configuration pathways to establish and manage second-life operations
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| 3. |
- Chirumalla, Koteshwar, Associate Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping a circular business opportunity in electric vehicle battery value chain : A multi-stakeholder framework to create a win–win–win situation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 145, s. 569-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric vehicle (EV) batteries provide new business opportunities through circularity, but identifying these opportunities requires multi-stakeholder collaboration considering the interests of stakeholders, the environment, and society. However, circular business model frameworks to support and guide firms in identifying and mapping multidirectional value in the early phases of designing new circular business models are lacking. Thus, this research proposes a framework that could support stakeholders in the EV battery value chain in identifying and mapping circular business opportunities and multidirectional value among stakeholders in order to generate a win–win–win situation in the value-creation process. The proposed framework for multi-stakeholder circular business model innovation consists of four phases—namely, initiation, ideation, testing, and implementation—subdivided into eight steps to address key challenges facing firms and encourage discussions on shared values and visions among all stakeholders in the early phases of designing the circular business model.
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| 4. |
- Dahlquist, Erik, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing Power in Sweden Using Different Renewable Resources, Varying Prices, and Storages Like Batteries in a Resilient Energy System
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energies. - 1996-1073. ; 16:12, s. 4734-4734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, balancing electricity production using renewable energy such as wind power, PV cells, hydropower, and CHP (combined heat and power) with biomass is carried out in relation to electricity consumption in primarily one major region in Sweden, SE-3, which contains 75% of the country's population. The time perspective is hours and days. Statistics with respect to power production and consumption are analyzed and used as input for power-balance calculations. How long periods are with low or high production, as well as the energy for charge and discharge that is needed to maintain a generally constant power production, is analyzed. One conclusion is that if the difference in production were to be completely covered with battery capacity it would be expensive, but if a large part of the difference were met by a shifting load it would be possible to cover the rest with battery storage in an economical way. To enhance the economy with battery storage, second-life batteries are proposed to reduce the capital cost in particular. Batteries are compared to hydrogen as an energy carrier. The efficiency of a battery system is higher than that of hydrogen plus fuel cells, but in general much fewer precious materials are needed with an H-2/fuel-cell system than with batteries. The paper discusses how to make the energy system more robust and resilient.
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| 5. |
- Sohrabpour, V., et al.
(författare)
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Export sales forecasting using artificial intelligence
- 2021
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Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sales forecasting is important in production and supply chain management. It affects firms’ planning, strategy, marketing, logistics, warehousing and resource management. While traditional time series forecasting methods prevail in research and practice, they have several limitations. Causal forecasting methods are capable of predicting future sales behavior based on relationships between variables and not just past behavior and trends. This research proposes a framework for modeling and forecasting export sales using Genetic Programming, which is an artificial intelligence technique derived from the model of biological evolution. Analyzing an empirical case of an export company, an export sales forecasting model is suggested. Moreover, a sales forecast for a period of six weeks is conducted, the output of which is compared with the real sales data. Finally, a variable sensitivity analysis is presented for the causal forecasting model.
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| 6. |
- Toorajipour, Reza, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial intelligence in supply chain management : A systematic literature review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 122, s. 502-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper seeks to identify the contributions of artificial intelligence (AI) to supply chain management (SCM) through a systematic review of the existing literature. To address the current scientific gap of AI in SCM, this study aimed to determine the current and potential AI techniques that can enhance both the study and practice of SCM. Gaps in the literature that need to be addressed through scientific research were also identified. More specifically, the following four aspects were covered: (1) the most prevalent AI techniques in SCM; (2) the potential AI techniques for employment in SCM; (3) the current AI-improved SCM subfields; and (4) the subfields that have high potential to be enhanced by AI. A specific set of inclusion and exclusion criteria are used to identify and examine papers from four SCM fields: logistics, marketing, supply chain and production. This paper provides insights through systematic analysis and synthesis.
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| 7. |
- Toorajipour, Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Block by block : A blockchain-based peer-to-peer business transaction for international trade
- 2022
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Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterogeneity and complicated processes, risk of information leakage, and higher costs are some of the challenges that stem from third-party involvement in business transactions. This study proposes a novel mechanism to address the shortcomings of third-party-dependent transactions in the context of international trade. Moreover, we provide business process modeling, deployed in a business transaction scenario, to furnish a deeper perspective on the working of the mechanism based on Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) 2.0 standards and guidelines. By analyzing and identifying blockchain roles and capabilities, this study proposes a blockchain technology-based letter of credit (BTLC), which is a mechanism providing letters of credit (LCs) that incorporate the benefits of blockchain and smart contracts.
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| 8. |
- Toorajipour, Reza
(författare)
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Circular Business Models for Electric Vehicle Battery Second Life : Challenges, enablers, and preconditions from an ecosystem perspective
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sustainability has become a critical issue due to global warming, scarcity of resources, and the high costs of raw materials. It is vital to reconsider linear business models and value creation processes and transition towards circularity. The growth of the electric vehicles market is promising; however, it comes with a major downside. Soon there will be a considerable number of used batteries without the original capacity and potentially hazardous that cannot go to landfill due to environmental and economic reasons. In this regard, the use of electric vehicle batteries in second life (EVBSL) is suggested as a solution. EVBSL comes with benefits such as the extension of the battery life cycle, extracting value from the remaining capacity of the battery, reduction in the upfront costs of the electric vehicle, and create new revenue streams for the companies. And since various actors are involved in EVBSL, it is essential to study this phenomenon from an ecosystem perspective.Despite the recent focus of researchers on EVBSL, there are several gaps in the current literature on this topic. The first gap concerns the challenges and enablers of implementing circular business models (CBMs) for EVBSL. The second gap concerns the second life operations of electric vehicles (EV). There is a lack of research on the solutions that can guide the ecosystem actors to manage EVBSL-related activities. And the third gap concerns the limited research on the preconditions of circular business model innovation for the EVBSL that focuses on the transition from linear business models to CBMs. Therefore, this thesis aims to develop knowledge of the factors that influence the implementation of CBMs for EVBSL from an ecosystem perspective.This study intends to address these gaps by conducting qualitative research. An exploratory research design has been deemed adequate due to its flexibility and compatibility. This research draws on the existing literature on the second life of EV batteries, and circular business models. In total, 20 interviews and 15 workshops have been conducted covering 15 companies in the EVBSL ecosystem. Purposeful sampling was employed to select the EVBSL ecosystem actors with the aim of covering the key actors such as OEMs, battery manufacturer, recycling companies, remanufacturers, energy utility companies, material supplier for battery parts, construction and housing company, and public transportation companies. The collected data was analyzed via qualitative methods such as thematic analysis. The results of this study have led to the identification of nine key challenges and seven key enablers. Moreover, two dimensions (i.e., time frame and responsible entity) are identified from the empirical data, through which companies can structurally categorize and work with the identified key challenges and enablers. Based on this, a guiding framework is suggested that could support firms in the EV battery ecosystem to establish and manage various configurations for second-life operations in a series of phases such as firm-level initiation, ecosystem construction, firm-level optimization, and ecosystem orchestration. Finally, the current linear business models (traditional sales of products and services, product maintenance and support, R&D, consultancy, and services), upcoming CBMs (regenerating, looping, and sharing), and the preconditions (for value creation, capture, and delivery) for the circular business model innovation are extracted. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge in several ways. It enhances the current literature on challenges and enablers of EVBSL by covering various actors in this ecosystem and extends the knowledge on the scope of these factors. Moreover, this study is the first one that suggests a guiding framework for the ecosystem actors through configurations for second-life operations while shedding light on the preconditions of circular business innovation for EVBSL. This study also provides interesting insights for practitioners and managers in the EVBSL ecosystem.
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| 9. |
- Toorajipour, Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Data ecosystem business models : Value propositions and value capture with Artificial Intelligence of Things
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Information Management. - : Elsevier. - 0268-4012 .- 1873-4707. ; 78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of data as a critical asset and the prevalence of technologies such as the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) on the one hand, and the importance of collaborations for value creation on the other hand have given rise to a new breed of ecosystems known as data ecosystems. While data ecosystems provide new business opportunities, proposing and capturing value in those ecosystems is challenging, and the extant literature provides little guidance in this regard. Our research encompasses two studies that address this limitation and establish a framework for business-model archetypes in the context of AIoT data ecosystems. In the first study, exploratory qualitative research on 28 leading AIoT data ecosystem actors leads to the identification of value propositions and value-capture mechanisms in these ecosystems. We identify eight possible value propositions and eight possible value-capture mechanisms. The second, qualitative study centers on 19 expert interviews. Our analysis leads to the identification of two dimensions – control and customization – that guide the conceptualization and formation of business-model archetypes. Using these dimensions, we develop a framework for business-model archetypes in AIoT data ecosystems. Our findings contribute to the discourse on data ecosystems and offer new perspectives valuable for both researchers and industry practitioners.
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| 10. |
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