| 1. |
- Berntsson Svensson, Richard, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Not all requirements prioritization criteria are equal at all times: A quantitative analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212. ; 209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Requirement prioritization is recognized as an important decision-making activity in requirements engineering. Requirement prioritization is applied to determine which requirements should be implemented and released. In order to prioritize requirements, there are several approaches/techniques/tools that use different requirements prioritization criteria, which are often identified by gut feeling instead of an in-depth analysis of which criteria are most important to use. Therefore, in this study we investigate which requirements prioritization criteria are most important to use in industry when determining which requirements are implemented and released, and if the importance of the criteria change depending on how far a requirement has reached in the development process. We conducted a quantitative study where quantitative data was collected through a case study of one completed project from one software developing company by extracting 32,139 requirements prioritization decisions based on eight requirements prioritization criteria for 11,110 requirements. The results show that not all requirements prioritization criteria are equally important, and this change depending on how far a requirement has reached in the development process. For example, for requirements prioritization decisions before iteration/sprint planning, having high Business value had an impact on the decisions, but after iteration/sprint planning, having high Business value had no impact. Editor's note: Open Science material was validated by the Journal of Systems and Software Open Science Board.
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| 2. |
- Berntsson Svensson, Richard, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Quality Requirements in Industrial Practice - An Extended Interview Study at Eleven Companies
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to create a successful software product and assure its quality, it is not enough to fulfill the functional requirements, it is also crucial to find the right balance among competing quality requirements (QR). An extended, previously piloted, interview study was performed to identify specific challenges associated with the selection, trade-off, and management of QR in industrial practice. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven product managers and eleven project leaders from eleven software companies. The contribution of this study is fourfold: First, it compares how QR are handled in two cases, companies working in business-to-business markets, and companies that are working in business-to-consumer markets. These two are also compared in terms of impact on the handling of QRs. Second, it compares the perceptions and priorities of QR by product and project management respectively. Third, it includes an examination of the interdependencies among quality requirements perceived as most important by the practitioners. Fourth, it characterizes the selection and management of QR in down-stream development activities.
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| 3. |
- Berntsson Svensson, Richard, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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The unfulfilled potential of data-driven decision making in agile software development
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783030190330 ; 355, s. 69-85
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the general trend towards data-driven decision making (DDDM), organizations are looking for ways to use DDDM to improve their decisions. However, few studies have looked into the practitioners view of DDDM, in particular for agile organizations. In this paper we investigated the experiences of using DDDM, and how data can improve decision making. An emailed questionnaire was sent out to 124 industry practitioners in agile software developing companies, of which 84 answered. The results show that few practitioners indicated a wide-spread use of DDDM in their current decision making practices. The practitioners were more positive to its future use for higher-level and more general decision making, fairly positive to its use for requirements elicitation and prioritization decisions, while being less positive to its future use at the team level. The practitioners do see a lot of potential for DDDM in an agile context; however, currently unfulfilled.
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| 4. |
- Afzal, Wasif, et al.
(författare)
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On using grey literature and google scholar in systematic literature reviews in software engineering
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - United States. - 2169-3536. ; 8, s. 36226-36243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2013 IEEE. Context: The inclusion of grey literature (GL) is important to remove publication bias while gathering available evidence regarding a certain topic. The number of systematic literature reviews (SLRs) in Software Engineering (SE) is increasing but we do not know about the extent of GL usage in these SLRs. Moreover, Google Scholar is rapidly becoming a search engine of choice for many researchers but the extent to which it can find the primary studies is not known. Objective: This tertiary study is an attempt to i) measure the usage of GL in SLRs in SE. Furthermore this study proposes strategies for categorizing GL and a quality checklist to use for GL in future SLRs; ii) explore if it is feasible to use only Google Scholar for finding scholarly articles for academic research. Method: We have conducted a systematic mapping study to measure the extent of GL usage in SE SLRs as well as to measure the feasibility of finding primary studies using Google Scholar. Results and conclusions: a) Grey Literature: 76.09% SLRs (105 out of 138) in SE have included one or more GL studies as primary studies. Among total primary studies across all SLRs (6307), 582 are classified as GL, making the frequency of GL citing as 9.23%. The intensity of GL use indicate that each SLR contains 5 primary studies on average (total intensity of GL use being 5.54). The ranking of GL tells us that conference papers are the most used form 43.3% followed by technical reports 28.52%. Universities, research institutes, labs and scientific societies together make up 67.7% of GL used, indicating that these are useful sources for searching GL. We additionally propose strategies for categorizing GL and criteria for evaluating GL quality, which can become a basis for more detailed guidelines for including GL in future SLRs. b) Google Scholar Results: The results show that Google Scholar was able to retrieve 96% of primary studies of these SLRs. Most of the primary studies that were not found using Google Scholar were from grey sources.
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| 5. |
- Afzal, Wasif, et al.
(författare)
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Software Test Process Improvement Approaches: A Systematic Literature Review and an Industrial Case Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212. ; 111, s. 1-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software Test Process Improvement (STPI) approaches are frameworks that guide software development organizations to improve their software testing process. We have identified existing STPI approaches and their characteristics (such as completeness of development, availability of information and assessment instruments, and domain limitations of the approaches) using a systematic literature review (SLR). Furthermore, two selected approaches (TPI Next and TMMi) are evaluated with respect to their content and assessment results in industry. As a result of this study, we have identified 18 STPI approaches and their characteristics. A detailed comparison of the content of TPI Next and TMMi is done. We found that many of the STPI approaches do not provide sufficient information or the approaches do not include assessment instruments. This makes it difficult to apply many approaches in industry. Greater similarities were found between TPI Next and TMMi and fewer differences. We conclude that numerous STPI approaches are available but not all are generally applicable for industry. One major difference between available approaches is their model representation. Even though the applied approaches generally show strong similarities, differences in the assessment results arise due to their different model representations.
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| 6. |
- Afzal, Wasif, et al.
(författare)
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Towards benchmarking feature subset selection methods for software fault prediction
- 2016
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Ingår i: Computational Intelligence and Quantitative Software Engineering. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783319259642 - 9783319259628 ; , s. 33-58
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the general acceptance that software engineering datasets often contain noisy, irrele- vant or redundant variables, very few benchmark studies of feature subset selection (FSS) methods on real-life data from software projects have been conducted. This paper provides an empirical comparison of state-of-the-art FSS methods: information gain attribute ranking (IG); Relief (RLF); principal com- ponent analysis (PCA); correlation-based feature selection (CFS); consistency-based subset evaluation (CNS); wrapper subset evaluation (WRP); and an evolutionary computation method, genetic programming (GP), on five fault prediction datasets from the PROMISE data repository. For all the datasets, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve—the AUC value averaged over 10-fold cross- validation runs—was calculated for each FSS method-dataset combination before and after FSS. Two diverse learning algorithms, C4.5 and na ̈ıve Bayes (NB) are used to test the attribute sets given by each FSS method. The results show that although there are no statistically significant differences between the AUC values for the different FSS methods for both C4.5 and NB, a smaller set of FSS methods (IG, RLF, GP) consistently select fewer attributes without degrading classification accuracy. We conclude that in general, FSS is beneficial as it helps improve classification accuracy of NB and C4.5. There is no single best FSS method for all datasets but IG, RLF and GP consistently select fewer attributes without degrading classification accuracy within statistically significant boundaries.
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| 7. |
- Aguayo, Claudio, et al.
(författare)
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Contextualizando el uso de tecnologías inteligentes móviles para el monitoreo y educación de visitantes [Contextualising the use of smart mobile technologies for visitor monitoring and education]
- 2019
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Ingår i: XI SOCIETUR [Chilean Society for Tourism Research] Conference 2019, 24-26 April, Punta Arenas, Chile: SOCIETUR. - Santiago : XI SOCIETUR [Chilean Society for Tourism Research].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Con una expansión de la recreación al aire libre y el desarrollo del turismo en muchos países hoy en día, el monitoreo de visitantes y la educación pueden considerarse como dos partes integrales de la gestión recreativa contemporánea. El monitoreo de visitantes se refiere a la documentación profesional de actividades recreativas y comportamiento en contextos de áreas recreativas. Esto se ha convertido en una tarea de gestión cada vez más importante para garantizar que los intereses y las experiencias recreativas de los visitantes se incluyan en diversas políticas y estrategias de gestión (Hansen, 2016). La educación de los visitantes, por otro lado, se refiere a cómo las áreas recreativas pueden ofrecer importantes oportunidades de aprendizaje experiencial para la educación relevante basada en el contexto local. La educación dirigida a los visitantes puede complementar y reforzar las experiencias al aire libre, pudiendo ser una forma importante de promover objetivos de sostenibilidad, como la adaptación local al cambio climático (Lück, 2015). Las estrategias de monitoreo y educación de los visitantes se han establecido y utilizado durante mucho tiempo en la gestión de diferentes contextos recreativos en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, el uso de nuevas tecnologías inteligentes para propósitos de monitoreo y educación ha recibido poca atención. Actualmente hay muy poca información disponible sobre el uso potencial de la tecnología móvil, como teléfonos inteligentes y tablets, para fines de monitoreo y educación dentro de contextos de áreas recreativas. La tecnología móvil puede ofrecer muchas opciones novedosas para actividades de monitoreo pasivo y activo de visitantes (Ahas et al., 2010). Del mismo modo, las tecnologías de aprendizaje móvil de hoy en día ofrecen herramientas y posibilidades sin precedentes para complementar y reforzar las experiencias de aprendizaje recreativo al aire libre. Además, éste proceso puede conllevar y una adaptación del aprendizaje a las temáticas relevantes a nivel local, incluyendo elementos culturalmente significativo (Aguayo, 2016). Sin embargo, este tipo de aplicación de las tecnologías móviles inteligentes sigue siendo un área poco explorada de investigación y desarrollo, sobre todo en el área de gestión turística. Desde este proyecto en curso, se propone un marco teórico conceptual inicial para el uso de tecnologías móviles inteligentes para el monitoreo y educación de visitantes en contextos recreacionales. Éste marco se ha desarrollado originalmente a partir de los contextos de turismo de mar costero en Suecia y Nueva Zelanda, encontrándose aún en etapa de conceptualización. En esta sesión se presentará el proyecto, incluyendo indicadores tempranos propuestos por actores en gobernanza y gestión de destinos turísticos de Suecia y Nueva Zelanda que han definido el marco teórico; y en segunda parte se llevará a cabo una breve sesión interactiva de lluvia de ideas para recoger las ideas y propuestas que surjan desde la audiencia en torno a la aplicación del marco teórico en el contexto de la Patagonia y otros destinos, según los presentes.
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| 8. |
- Ali, Nauman bin, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of a proposal for innovation measurement in the software industry
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. - New York, NY, USA : IEEE Computer Society. - 1949-3789 .- 1949-3770. - 9781450375801
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Measuring an organization's capability to innovate and assessing its innovation output and performance is a challenging task. Previously, a comprehensive model and a suite of measurements to support this task were proposed. Aims: In the current paper, seven years since the publication of the paper titled Towards innovation measurement in the software industry, we have reflected on the impact of thework. Method:We have mainly relied on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the citations of the paper using an established classification schema. Results: We found that the article has had a significant scientific impact (indicated by the number of citations), i.e., (1) cited in literature from both software engineering and other fields, (2) cited in grey literature and peerreviewed literature, and (3) substantial citations in literature not published in the English language. However, we consider a majority of the citations in the peer-reviewed literature (75 out of 116) as neutral, i.e., they have not used the innovation measurement paper in any substantial way. All in all, 38 out of 116 have used, modified or based their work on the definitions, measurements or the model proposed in the article. This analysis revealed a significant weakness of the citing work, i.e., among the citing papers, we found only two explicit comparisons to the innovation measurement proposal, and we found no papers that identify weaknesses of said proposal. Conclusions: This work highlights the need for being cautious of relying solely on the number of citations for understanding impact, and the need for further improving and supporting the peer-review process to identify unwarranted citations in papers. © 2020 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Darwish, Rashid, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A Controlled Experiment on Coverage Maximization of Automated Model-Based Software Test Cases in the Automotive Industry
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 10th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation, ICST 2017. ; , s. 546-547
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 IEEE. In the automotive industry, as the complexity of electronic control units (ECUs) increase, there is a need for the creation of models that facilitate early tests to ensure functionality, but there is little guidance on how to write these tests in order to achieve maximum coverage. Our prototype CANoe+, which builds on the CANoe and GraphWalker tools, was evaluated against CANoe with regard to coverage maximization of generated test cases from the viewpoint of both software developers and software testers.
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