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| 2. |
- Kylemark, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Noise statistics in fiber optical parametric amplifiers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 25:2, s. 612-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we show both theoretically and experimentally that the probability density function of the intensity of an amplified signal by parametric amplifiers subject to a pump with excess noise is highly asymmetric. This is due to the nonlinear relationship between the optical pump power and the parametric gain. Because of this, the relationship between the noise figure (NF) and the bit error rate (BER) is modified, compared with that predicted by the chi(2) theory, which is an effect that is notable at large NFs and low BERs. The difference in predicted BER can be of several orders of magnitudes between the correct theory and the chi(2) approximation in single-stage parametric amplifiers. We also show that in the limit of many cascaded parametric amplifiers, the statistics of the noise of an amplified optical signal approaches chi(2). Furthermore, the BER of a parametric amplifier is generally lower compared with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for the same NF values if we assume quantum-limited amplification.
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| 3. |
- Kylemark, Per, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Noise statistics of fiber optical parametric amplifiers
- 2006
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Ingår i: OFC/NFOEC 2006. 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. ; , s. OWT5-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show both theoretically and experimentally that the probability density function of a signal amplified by parametric amplifiers with pump excess noise is non-Gaussian and asymmetric. This impacts the relationship between the noise figure and the bit-error rate
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| 4. |
- Olsson, Bengt-Erik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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OTDR technique for characterization of fiber optic parametric amplifiers
- 2006
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Ingår i: OFC/NFOEC 2006. 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. ; , s. OWT3-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel technique for characterization of power evolution in fiber optic parametric amplifiers based on optical time domain reflectometry is presented. The technique is suitable for analyzing the exponential gain along the amplifying fiber
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Torounidis, Thomas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Broadband single-pumped fiber-optic parametric amplifiers
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 19:9-12, s. 650-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the impact of pump phase modulation (PM) on the bandwidth of single-pumped fiber-optic parametric amplifiers. The measured values and the calculations show that the impact on bandwidth by pump PM is small compared to the impact from the dispersion curvature. A bandwidth of 100 nm with a gain of 11.5 +/- 2 dB is achieved. This is also used to build a widely tunable fiber ring laser.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Torounidis, Thomas, 1976
(författare)
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Fiber optic parametric amplifiers in single and multi wavelength applications
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes fiber optical parametricamplifiers (FOPAs) used in single- and multi-wavelength channel applications.The FOPA was operated as a pulse source in optical transmission systems at bit rates of 10-160 Gb/s. It was evaluated in terms of bit error rate after transmission with link lengths up to 650 km. The generated idler pulses were found to be limited by timing jitter due to phase modulation on the pump. A multi wavelength pulse source was also presented. A theory describing the pulse width and chirp of the FOPA generated pulses was furthermorederived and compared to experiments, showing good agreement.The use of FOPAs as amplifiers in multi wavelength systems was also evaluated. It was found that two phenomena deteriorate the performance; cross-gain saturation and four wave mixing. The FOPA was used as a preamplifier in a receiver and was evaluated both in a loop mirror configuration as well as in a high gain configuration. The loop mirror configuration allowed for a virtually loss-less combination of the pump and signal. The fiber gain in the FOPA was measured to 70 dB, which is the highest reported single stage gain in an optical amplifier. The high gain configuration single-stage FOPA had similar performance as a dual-stage Erbium-doped fiber amplifier at 100 Mb/s.Additionally, a technique based on optical time domain reflectometry was developed and used as a measurement tool for measuring gain and bandwidth evolution along the nonlinear fiber used in FOPAs. To some extent this method also made it possible to retrieve information about fiber parameters as a function of length.
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