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- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Reading during text production
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current trends in European Writing Research. - Bingley, UK : Emerald. ; , s. 359-361, s. 359-361
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Text production in handwriting versus computer typing
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current trends in European Writing Research. - Bingley, UK : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1572-6304. ; , s. 375-377, s. 359-361
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Ovchinnikov, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
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Caecilian Genomes Reveal the Molecular Basis of Adaptation and Convergent Evolution of Limblessness in Snakes and Caecilians
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 40:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present genome sequences for the caecilians Geotrypetes seraphini (3.8 Gb) and Microcaecilia unicolor (4.7 Gb), representatives of a limbless, mostly soil-dwelling amphibian clade with reduced eyes, and unique putatively chemosensory tentacles. More than 69% of both genomes are composed of repeats, with retrotransposons being the most abundant. We identify 1,150 orthogroups that are unique to caecilians and enriched for functions in olfaction and detection of chemical signals. There are 379 orthogroups with signatures of positive selection on caecilian lineages with roles in organ development and morphogenesis, sensory perception, and immunity amongst others. We discover that caecilian genomes are missing the zone of polarizing activity regulatorysequence (ZRS) enhancer of Sonic Hedgehog which is also mutated in snakes. In vivo deletions have shown ZRS is required for limb development in mice, thus, revealing a shared molecular target implicated in the independent evolution of limblessness in snakes and caecilians.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Torrance, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Timed written picture naming in 14 European languages
- 2018
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Ingår i: Behavior Research Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1554-351X .- 1554-3528. ; 50:2, s. 744-758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Author(s)We describe the Multilanguage Written Picture Naming Dataset. This gives trial-level data and time and agreement norms for written naming of the 260 pictures of everyday objects that compose the colorized Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set (Rossion & Pourtois in Perception, 33, 217–236, 2004). Adult participants gave keyboarded responses in their first language under controlled experimental conditions (N = 1,274, with subsamples responding in Bulgarian, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish). We measured the time to initiate a response (RT) and interkeypress intervals, and calculated measures of name and spelling agreement. There was a tendency across all languages for quicker RTs to pictures with higher familiarity, image agreement, and name frequency, and with higher name agreement. Effects of spelling agreement and effects on output rates after writing onset were present in some, but not all, languages. Written naming therefore shows name retrieval effects that are similar to those found in speech, but our findings suggest the need for cross-language comparisons as we seek to understand the orthographic retrieval and/or assembly processes that are specific to written output.
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| 7. |
- Torrance, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Writers' eye movements
- 2010
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Ingår i: Traditions of writing research. - New York : Routledge. - 9780415993371 - 9780415993388 - 9780203892329 ; , s. 394-405
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Wengelin, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Combined eyetracking and keystroke-logging methods for studying cognitive processes in text production
- 2009
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Ingår i: Behavior Research Methods. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1554-351X .- 1554-3528. ; 41:2, s. 337-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Writers typically spend a certain proportion of time looking back over the text that they have written. This is likely to serve a number of different functions, which are currently poorly understood. In this article, we present two systems, ScriptLog + TimeLine and EyeWrite, that adopt different and complementary approaches to exploring this activity by collecting and analyzing combined eye movement and keystroke data from writers composing extended texts. ScriptLog + TimeLine is a system that is based on an existing keystroke-logging program and uses heuristic, pattern-matching methods to identify reading episodes within eye movement data. EyeWrite is an integrated editor and analysis system that permits identification of the words that the writer fixates and their location within the developing text. We demonstrate how the methods instantiated within these systems can be used to make sense of the large amount of data generated by eyetracking and keystroke logging in order to inform understanding of the cognitive processes that underlie written text production.
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