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- Domingo, Oriol Sabaté, et al.
(författare)
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War inflation and taxation
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Warfare has been commonly associated with increasing levels of inflation, with important implications for tax systems. In this chapter, we first review the literature on war finance and inflation, considering both the fiscal causes of inflation during wartimes and the effects of inflation on tax revenues. Second, we focus on developments in the income tax during the World Wars, building upon our previous work (Torregrosa-Hetland and Sabaté, 2022). We describe the mechanisms through which inflation affected progressivity and redistribution, byreducing the real value of exemptions, brackets and deductions (“bracket creep”). This led to the incorporation of new taxpayers into the income tax system and increased significantly the tax burden of those already included. Third, we study the issue of income tax legitimacy in the face of war inflation using a novel dataset of parliamentary debates and press articles in the United Kingdom. Other episodes of bracket creep have been associated with legitimacy challenges. We use natural language processing techniques to examine whether the effects of inflation on tax progressivity were a topic of discussion in national parliaments and the press, and the extent to which MPs and journalists identified inflation as a challenge to income tax legitimacy.
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| 3. |
- Ducoing, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Resources Curse in the long run? : Bolivia, Chile and Peru in the Nordic countries’ mirror
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The new estimates of the Maddison Project show that the p.p.p. GDP per capita ratio between Bolivia and Finland has changed from 0.68 ca. 1850 to 0.16 in 2015; similarly, that between Chile and Norway from 0.65 to 0.28. The aim of this article is to present a review of the literature and available quantitative evidence to understand how these extreme differences became possible between countries with similarly enormous natural resources endowments. Specifically, the article seeks to a) identify some stylised facts that may help understand the divergence between Andean and Nordic countries; b) highlight research questions that will guide further work about the divergent effect of natural resource abundance in Andean and Nordic economies. In order to achieve these objectives, four topics are covered: GDPpc, population, trade and taxation. The analysis comprises three Nordic countries (Finland, Norway, and Sweden) and three Andean countries (Bolivia, Chile, and Peru) from the mid-nineteenth century to present day. The sample size, time span covered and thematic approach provide new evidence regarding previous work.
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| 4. |
- Ducoing, Cristián, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Resources Curse in the Long Run? Bolivia, Chile and Peru in the Nordic Countries’ Mirror
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - Basel : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 10:4, s. 965-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new estimates of the Maddison Project show that GDP per capita ratio at purchasing power parity (ppp) between Bolivia and Finland has changed from 0.68 ca. 1850 to 0.16 in 2015; similarly, that between Chile and Norway from 0.65 to 0.28. The aim of this article is to present a review of the literature and available quantitative evidence to understand how these extreme differences became possible between countries with similarly enormous natural resource endowments. Specifically, the article seeks to: (a) identify some stylized facts that may help understand the divergence between Andean and Nordic countries; (b) identify key historical processes that explain the divergent effect of natural resource abundance in Andean and Nordic economies. In order to achieve these objectives, four topics are covered: GDPpc, population, trade and taxation. The analysis comprises three Nordic countries (Finland, Norway and Sweden) and three Andean countries (Bolivia, Chile and Peru) from the mid-Nineteenth Century to present day. The sample size, time span covered and thematic approach provide new evidence regarding previous work.
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| 5. |
- Ducoing, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Taking off from Natural Resources? Fiscal dependence in Andean and Nordic countries, 1850s-1930s
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural resources can have a powerful impact on the public budget but may also hinder the development of other sources of revenue, thus limiting the long-term development of fiscal capacity in resource-rich countries. This article evaluates both possible effects bycomparing the long-term evolution (1850s-1930s) of public revenues in Andean (Bolivia,Chile and Peru) and Nordic (Norway and Sweden) countries. Both groups were naturalresource abundant during the period under scrutiny. In the latter, however, natural resources dependence decreased over time. We use this divergent pattern to explore if, and how, natural resources abundance generates a fiscal dependence on natural resources revenues. By using a novel detailed database, we find that fiscal dependence on natural resources revenues was low in Nordic countries and highly unstable in Andean countries.This suggests that natural resources abundance should not be mechanically linked to tax dependence. Indeed, by using an accounting identity, we show that tax dependence on natural resources can be evaluated by looking at economic or political changes (or both) that affect either the natural resource sector or the non-natural resource sector.
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| 7. |
- Peres-Cajías, José, et al.
(författare)
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Resource abundance and public finances in five peripheral economies, 1850-1939
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The resource curse literature has established that the taxation of natural resources might limit the long-term development of fiscal capacity in resource-rich countries. This article explores if, and how, natural resource abundance generates fiscal dependence on natural resource revenues. We compare five peripheral economies of Latin America (Bolivia, Chile, Peru) and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden) over a period of 90 years, between 1850 and 1939. Both groups were natural resource abundant, but in the latter natural resource dependence decreased over time. By using a novel database, we find that fiscal dependence was low in Norway and Sweden, while high and unstable in Bolivia, Chile and Peru. This suggests that natural resource abundance should not be mechanically linked to fiscal dependence. An accounting identity shows that sudden increases in fiscal dependence were related to both economic and political factors: countries’ economic diversification, and attitudes of the relevant political forces about how taxation affects the companies operating in the natural resource sector.
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| 8. |
- Peres-Cajías, José, et al.
(författare)
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Resource abundance and public finances in five peripheral economies, 1850s–1930s
- 2022
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Ingår i: Resources Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4207. ; 76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The resource curse literature has established that taxation of natural resources might limit the long-term development of fiscal capacity in resource-rich countries. This article explores if, and how, natural resource abundance generates fiscal dependence on natural resource revenues. We compare five peripheral economies of Latin America (Bolivia, Chile, Peru) and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden) over a period of 90 years, between 1850 and 1939. Both groups were natural resource abundant, but in the latter natural resource dependence decreased over time. By using a novel database, we find that fiscal dependence was low in Norway and Sweden, while high and unstable in Bolivia, Chile and Peru. This suggests that natural resource abundance should not be mechanically linked to fiscal dependence. An accounting identity shows that sudden increases in fiscal dependence were related to both economic and political factors: countries’ economic diversification, and attitudes of the relevant political forces about how taxation affects the companies operating in the natural resource sector.
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| 9. |
- Peres-Cajías, José, et al.
(författare)
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The "fiscal contract" in Andean and Nordic countries, 1850-2010
- 2021
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Ingår i: Natural Resources and Divergence : A comparison of Andean and Nordic trajectories - A comparison of Andean and Nordic trajectories. - 9783030710439 - 9783030710446 ; , s. 113-141
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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