| 1. |
- Griswold, Max G., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 392:10152, s. 1015-1035
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older.Methods: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health.Findings: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week.Interpretation: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.
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| 2. |
- Blanton, Michael R., et al.
(författare)
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Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
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| 3. |
- Huerta-Flores, Ali M., et al.
(författare)
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Extended visible light harvesting and boosted charge carrier dynamics in heterostructured zirconate-FeS2 photocatalysts for efficient solar water splitting
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-482X .- 0957-4522. ; 29:22, s. 18957-18970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Limited visible light absorption, slow charge transference, and high recombination are some of the main problems associated with low efficiency in photocatalytic processes. For these reasons, in the present work, we develope novel zirconate-FeS2 heterostructured photocatalysts with improved visible light harvesting, effective charge separation and high photocatalytic water splitting performance. Herein, alkali and alkaline earth metal zirconates are prepared by a solid state reaction and coupled to FeS2 through a simple wet impregnation method. The incorporation of FeS2 particles induces visible light absorption and electron injection in zirconates, while the appropriate coupling of the semiconductors in the heterostructure allows an enhanced charge separation and suppression of the recombination. The obtained heterostructures exhibit high and stable photocatalytic activity for water splitting under visible light, showing competitive efficiencies among other reported materials. The highest hydrogen evolution rate (4490 mu molg(-1)h(-1)) is shown for BaZrO3-FeS2 and corresponds to more than 20 times the activity of the bare BaZrO3. In summary, this work proposes novel visible light active heterostructures for efficient visible light photocatalytic water splitting.
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| 4. |
- Carrasco-Jaim, Omar A., et al.
(författare)
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Photocatalytic hydrogen production by biomimetic indium sulfide using Mimosa pudica leaves as template
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199. ; 44:5, s. 2770-2783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomimetic sulfur-deficient indium sulfide (In2.77S4) was synthesized by a template-assisted hydrothermal method using leaves of Mimosa pudica as a template for the first time. The effect of this template in modifying the morphology of the semiconductor particles was determined by physicochemical characterization, revealing an increase in surface area, decrease in microsphere size and pore size and an increase in pore volume density in samples synthesized with the template. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed the presence of organic sulfur (S–O/S–C/S–H) and sulfur oxide species (–SO2, SO3 2−, SO4 2−) at the surface of the indium sulfide in samples synthesized with the template. Biomimetic indium sulfide also showed significant amounts of Fe introduced as a contaminant present on the Mimosa pudica leaves. The presence of these sulfur and iron species favors the photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production by their acting as a sacrificial reagent and promoting water oxidation on the surface of the templated particles, respectively. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rates over optimally-prepared biomimetic indium sulfide and indium sulfide synthesized without the organic template were 73 and 22 μmol g−1, respectively, indicating an improvement by a factor of three in the templated sample.
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| 5. |
- Huerta-Flores, Ali M., et al.
(författare)
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Green synthesis of earth-abundant metal sulfides (FeS2, CuS, and NiS2) and their use as visible-light active photocatalysts for H2 generation and dye removal
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-482X .- 0957-4522. ; 29:13, s. 11613-11626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earth-abundant metal sulfides (for example, FeS2, CuS, and NiS2) are promising materials to be used as photocatalysts due to their suitable electronic and optical properties. In this work, we present a fast and low-cost hydrothermal method to synthesize these materials. They are integrally characterized and evaluated as photocatalysts for the H2evolution reaction and the degradation of indigo carmine (IC). FeS2exhibits the highest photocatalytic efficiency (32 µmol g−1 h−1of H2evolution and 88% of indigo carmine degradation) under visible light, and this activity is attributed to a larger crystallite size, smaller particle size, and lower recombination, compared to CuS and NiS2. Moreover, three different sacrificial reagents are studied for the H2evolution reaction, including Na2S/Na2SO3, EDTA, and ethanol. Na2S/Na2SO3shows the highest enhancement in the activity, increasing the rate of H2production more than 15 times. This behavior is related to the lower oxidation potential of Na2S/Na2SO3. Moreover, we evaluate the activity of the materials for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In summary, this work provides valuable information for effective applications of these earth-abundant metal sulfides for energy and environmental photocatalytic processes.
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