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| 2. |
- Towns, Ann E., 1970-
(författare)
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Carrying the load of civilisation : The status of women and challenged hierarchies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Millennium. - : SAGE Publications. - 0305-8298 .- 1477-9021. ; 42:3, s. 595-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores some ways in which the condition of women has been articulated as a standard of civilisation, focusing on articulations by a range of European and non-European political thinkers and political actors in the 19th century and the present, two important periods marked by intense discussions of the status of women and civilisation. In short, the status of women is used by a broad range of actors to draw up civilisational boundaries and to mobilise for action. The standard also functions as an arena of contestation in which alternative visions of a good society are debated. However, whereas the alleged link between sexual equality and "the West" was highly disputed in the 19th century, this claim is much less contested today. The article ends with a discussion of the problematic implications of using the status of women as a standard of civilisation for feminisms around the world. © The Author(s) 2014.
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| 3. |
- Towns, Ann E., 1970-
(författare)
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Norms and social hierarchies : Understanding international policy diffusion "from below"
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Organization. - 0020-8183 .- 1531-5088. ; 66:2, s. 179-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to rethink the operation of norms in international policy diffusion. Norms do not simply standardize state behaviors, as is conventionally argued; norms also draw on and set up hierarchical social orders among states. Through a conceptual rethinking we gain a better understanding of where-among which states-new policies may first emerge: social hierarchies create incentives for new policies to develop at the margins of international society so that policies may diffuse "from below." We also get a better grasp of how policy advocates frame the appropriateness or benefits of a new state practice: they must frame policy demands in terms of the international standing and rank of the targeted state. This article's empirical aspiration is to use these insights to help account for the international policy diffusion of legal sex quotas, a policy to increase the level of female legislators that developed first among "developing" states rather than among the so-called core of international society. By pointing to the link between norms and social hierarchy, the article helps account for policy diffusion "from below." © 2012 The IO Foundation.
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| 4. |
- Towns, Ann E., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The equality conundrum : Gender and nation in the ideology of the Sweden Democrats
- 2014
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Ingår i: Party Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1354-0688 .- 1460-3683. ; 20:2, s. 237-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the gender ideology of the parliamentary radical right populist party (RRPP) – the Sweden Democrats. More specifically, the article analyses how the party integrates old nationalist ideas about the importance of traditional gender roles and male superiority for the stability and welfare of the nation with new nationalist ideas about Sweden as the most gender-equal nation in the world. Prior studies suggest that RRPPs have integrated gender equality as a policy measure against multiculturalism and immigration. Our analysis shows this to be true also of the Sweden Democrats. However, unlike prior scholarship, we argue that the integration of gender equality is a tenuous and difficult one, as nationalist ideologies generally rest on ideas of sexual difference and male superiority. While the Sweden Democrats claim to support gender equality in discussions of multiculturalism and immigration, the party is a fierce critic of gender equality in all other contexts.
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| 5. |
- Towns, Ann E., 1970-
(författare)
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Våld och kön på de kulturella slagfälten
- 2013. - 1
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Ingår i: Internationella relationer. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147097470 ; , s. 102-112
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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