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| 2. |
- Iagnemma, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Terramechanics Modeling of Mars Surface Exploration Rovers for Simulation and Parameter Estimation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference--2011. - New York : ASME Press. - 9780791854815 ; , s. 805-812
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1997 and 2004, small wheeled robots ("rovers") landed on the surface of Mars to conduct scientific experiments focused on understanding the planet's climate history, surface geology, and potential for past or present life. Recently, the Mars Exploration Rover(MER)"Spirit"became deeply embedded in regolith at a site called Troy, ending its mission as a mobile science platform. The difficultyfaced in navigating mobile robots over sloped, rocky, and deformable terrain has highlighted the importance of developing accurate simulation tools for use in a predictive mobility modeling capacity. These simulation tools require accurate knowledge of terrain model parameters.This paperdescribes a terramechanics-based toolfor simulation of rover mobility. It also describes ongoing work toward estimation of terrain parameters of Mars soil. Copyright © 2011 by ASME.
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| 3. |
- Thornton, JS, et al.
(författare)
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Treating low back pain in athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: British journal of sports medicine. - : BMJ. - 1473-0480 .- 0306-3674. ; 55:12, s. 656-662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To summarise the evidence for non-pharmacological management of low back pain (LBP) in athletes, a common problem in sport that can negatively impact performance and contribute to early retirement.Data sourcesFive databases (EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus) were searched from inception to September 2020. The main outcomes of interest were pain, disability and return to sport (RTS).ResultsAmong 1629 references, 14 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 541 athletes were included. The trials had biases across multiple domains including performance, attrition and reporting. Treatments included exercise, biomechanical modifications and manual therapy. There were no trials evaluating the efficacy of surgery or injections. Exercise was the most frequently investigated treatment; no RTS data were reported for any exercise intervention. There was a reduction in pain and disability reported after all treatments.ConclusionsWhile several treatments for LBP in athletes improved pain and function, it was unclear what the most effective treatments were, and for whom. Exercise approaches generally reduced pain and improved function in athletes with LBP, but the effect on RTS is unknown. No conclusions regarding the value of manual therapy (massage, spinal manipulation) or biomechanical modifications alone could be drawn because of insufficient evidence. High-quality RCTs are urgently needed to determine the effect of commonly used interventions in treating LBP in athletes.
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| 4. |
- Trease, B., et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Modeling And Soil Mechanics For Path Planning Of Mars Exploration Rovers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conference. - New York : ASME Press. - 9780791854839 ; , s. 755-765
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To help minimize risk of high sinkage and slippage during drives and to better understand soil properties and rover terramechanics from drive data, a multidisciplinary team was formed under the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) project to develop and utilize dynamic computer-based models for rover drives over realistic terrains. The resulting tool, named ARTEMIS (Adams-based Rover Terramechanics and Mobility Interaction Simulator), consists of the dynamic model, a library of terramechanics subroutines, and the high-resolution digital elevation maps of the Mars surface. A 200-element model of the rovers was developed and validated for drop tests before launch, using MSC-Adams dynamic modeling software. Newly modeled terrain-rover interactions include the rut-formation effect of deformable soils, using the classical Bekker-Wong implementation of compaction resistances and bull-dozing effects. The paper presents the details and implementation of the model with two case studies based on actual MER telemetry data. In its final form, ARTEMIS will be used in a predictive manner to assess terrain navigability and will become part of the overall effort in path planning and navigation for both Martian and lunar rovers. Copyright © 2011 by ASME.
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| 5. |
- Wilson, F, et al.
(författare)
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2021 consensus statement for preventing and managing low back pain in elite and subelite adult rowers
- 2021
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Ingår i: British journal of sports medicine. - : BMJ. - 1473-0480 .- 0306-3674. ; 55:16, s. 893-899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To synthesise evidence on low back pain (LBP) in adult rowers and to create a consensus statement to inform clinical practice.MethodsThere were four synthesis steps that informed the consensus statement. In step one, seven expert clinicians and researchers established the scope of the consensus statement and conducted a survey of experienced and expert clinicians to explore current practice. In step two, working groups examined current evidence relating to key scope questions and summarised key issues. In step three, we synthesised evidence for each group and used a modified Delphi process to aid in the creation of the overall consensus statements. Finally, in step four, we combined information from step three with the findings of the clinician survey (and with athlete and coach input) to produce recommendations for clinical practice.ResultsThe scope of the consensus statement included epidemiology; biomechanics; management; the athlete’s voice and clinical expertise. Prevention and management of LBP in rowers should include education on risk factors, rowing biomechanics and training load. If treatment is needed, non-invasive management, including early unloading from aggravating activities, effective pain control and exercise therapy should be considered. Fitness should be maintained with load management and progression to full training and competition. The role of surgery is unclear. Management should be athlete focused and a culture of openness within the team encouraged.ConclusionRecommendations are based on current evidence and consensus and aligned with international LBP guidelines in non-athletic populations, but with advice aimed specifically at rowers. We recommend that research in relation to all aspects of prevention and management of LBP in rowers be intensified.
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| 6. |
- Wilson, F, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and risk factors for back pain in sports: a systematic review with meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: British journal of sports medicine. - : BMJ. - 1473-0480 .- 0306-3674. ; 55:11, s. 601-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in sport, and what risk factors were associated with LBP in athletes.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesLiterature searches from database inception to June 2019 in Medline, Embase, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science and Scopus, supplemented by grey literature searching.Eligibility criteriaStudies evaluating prevalence of LBP in adult athletes across all sports.ResultsEighty-six studies were included (30 732, range 20–5958, participants), of which 45 were of ‘high’ quality. Definitions of LBP varied widely, and in 17 studies, no definition was provided. High-quality studies were pooled and the mean point prevalence across six studies was 42%; range 18%–80% (95% CI 27% to 58%, I2=97%). Lifetime prevalence across 13 studies was 63%; range 36%–88% (95% CI 51% to 74%, I2=99%). Twelve-month LBP prevalence from 22 studies was 51%; range 12%–94% (95% CI 41% to 61%, I2=98%). Comparison across sports was limited by participant numbers, study quality and methodologies, and varying LBP definitions. Risk factors for LBP included history of a previous episode with a pooled OR of 3.5; range 1.6–4.0 (95% CI 1.9 to 6.4). Statistically significant associations were reported for high training volume, periods of load increase and years of exposure to the sport.ConclusionLBP in sport is common but estimates vary. Current evidence is insufficient to identify which sports are at highest risk. A previous episode of LBP, high training volume, periods of load increase and years of exposure are common risk factors.
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