| 1. |
- Baresel, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Hammarby Sjöstadsverk. Uppstart av Försöks- och Demonstrationsanläggningen för Framtidens Kommunala VA-Teknik
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sjöstadsverket är en unik resurs för att utveckla VA-forskning i Sverige och internationellt. Stockholm Vatten överlåter (1/1 2008) hela försöksanläggningen för fortsatt experimentell verksamhet inom VA-området till en FoU grupp ledd av IVL och KTH. Det primära målet är först att säkerställa kontinuiteten i driften och kostnader för detta ska täckas genom projektstöd från olika intressenter. Tanken är att all verksamhet skall finansierats genom olika projekt.Forskningsinriktningen kommer att beslutas av en FoU styrelse där finansiärerna sitter med. Tre huvudmål för drift av anläggningen har definierats: A. Utveckling och optimering av befintliga metoder och processkonfigurationer för resurseffektiv avloppsvattenrening. B. Utveckling av nya innovativa metoder och processkonfigurationer för förbättrad behandling av vattenfas samt sidoströmmar. C. Testning samt utvärdering av utrustningar för vattenreningsteknik, specifika komponenter och system med fokus på världsmarknaden. Relevanta projektförslag för svensk VA-teknik kan delas upp i åtta huvudområden: 1. Krav på ingående vatten, 2. Optimering av befintliga aeroba och anaeroba processer, 3. Kompletterande rening, 4. Processtyrning samt mätteknik, 5. Behandling av sidoströmmar, 6. Klimateffektiv behandlingsteknik, 7. Biogasproduktion, 8. Nya innovativa tekniker och processer. Från dessa huvudområden prioriterar Svenskt Vatten i samråd med ITT Flygt, NV och övriga FoU-styrelseledamöter vilka konkreta projekt som ska startas upp.
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| 4. |
- Cema, Grzegorz, et al.
(författare)
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Dissolved oxygen as a factor influencing nitrogen removal rates in a one-stage system with partial nitritation and Anammox process
- 2011
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 64:5, s. 1009-1015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A biofilm system with Kaldnes biofilm carrier was used in these studies to cultivate bacteria responsible for both partial nitritation and Anammox processes. Due to co-existence of oxygen and oxygen-free zones within the biofilm depth, both processes can occur in a single reactor. Oxygen that inhibits the Anammox process is consumed in the outer layer of the biofilm and in this way Anammox bacteria are protected from oxygen. The impact of oxygen concentration on nitrogen removal rates was investigated in the pilot plant (2.1 m(3)), supplied with reject water from the Himmerfjarden Waste Water Treatment Plant. The results of batch tests showed that the highest nitrogen removal rates were obtained for a dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration around 3 g O(2) m(-3). At a DO concentration of 4 g O(2) m(-3), an increase of nitrite and nitrate nitrogen concentrations in the batch reactor were observed. The average nitrogen removal rate in the pilot plant during a whole operating period oscillated around 1.3 g N m(-2)d(-1) (0.3 +/- 0.1 kg N m(-3)d(-1)) at the average dissolved oxygen concentration of 2.3 g O(2) m(-3). The maximum value of a nitrogen removal rate amounted to 1.9 g N m(-2)d(-1) (0.47 kg N m(-3)d(-1)) and was observed for a DO concentration equal to 2.5 g O(2) m(-3). It was observed that increase of biofilm thickness during the operational period, had no influence on nitrogen removal rates in the pilot plant.
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| 5. |
- Cema, Grzegorz, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen removal rates at a technical-scale pilot plant with the one-stage partial nitritation/Anammox process.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 54:8, s. 209-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional nitrification/denitrification is not suitable for nitrogen removal when wastewater contains high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and low concentrations of biodegradable carbon. Recently, a deammonification process was developed and proposed as a new technology for treatment of such streams. This process relies on a stable interaction between aerobic bacteria Nitrosomonas, that accomplish partial nitritation and anaerobic bacteria Planctomycetales, which conduct the Anammox reaction. Simultaneous performance of these two processes can lead to a complete autotrophic nitrogen removal in one single reactor. The experiments where nitrogen was removed in one reactor were performed at a technical-scale moving-bed pilot plant, filled with Kaldnes rings and supplied with supernatant after dewatering of digested sludge. It was found that a nitrogen removal rate obtained at the pilot plant was 1.9 g m(-2) d(-1). Parallel to the pilot plant run, a series of batch tests were carried out under anoxic and aerobic conditions. Within the batch tests, where the pilot plant's conditions were simulated, removal rates reached up to 3g N m(-2) d(-1). Moreover, the batch tests with inhibition of Nitrosomonas showed that only the Anammox bacteria (not anoxic removal by Nitrosomonas) are responsible for nitrogen removal.
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| 10. |
- Fernández, Isaac, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Deammonification Process by Response Surface Models
- 2011
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 215:1-4, s. 299-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of the operational variables on the Anammox process has been generally researched considering each variable separately. However, the optimization of the process also requires the identification of the more significant variables and their possible interactions. Response surface models were successfully applied to evaluate the performance of the Anammox process in a deammonification system (i.e., one-stage biofilm Anammox process) taking into account the combined effects caused by two sets of three variables. Specific Anammox activity was measured by a manometric method and used as the response variable. The obtained models pointed out that the significant variables were the temperature, the value of pH, and the ratio between the unionized species of the substrates (free ammonia and free nitrous acid (FA/FNA)). There were interactions among them caused by chemical equilibriums. Total nitrogen concentration and ammonium concentration were found to be not significant in the tested range. According to the models, the optimum values of temperature, pH, and free ammonia to free nitrous acid ratio within the test ranges were, respectively, 30A degrees C, 7.0, and 0.3. Further research at higher temperatures and lower values of pH and FA/FNA ratios would be necessary in order to find the absolute optimum conditions for the process. The obtained model can be also useful in order to develop control strategies that take into account the significant variables and their optimum ranges. A strategy to control deammonification reactors has been proposed, according to the results of the modeling.
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