| 1. |
- Butean, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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A digital twin concept for optimizing the use of high-temperature heat pumps to reduce waste in industrial renewable energy systems
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Conference on Industry Sciences and Computer Science Innovation, iSCSi 2023. - : Elsevier B.V.. ; , s. 123-128
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In light of the global industrial sector's steadfast pursuit of sustainable solutions to mitigate carbon emissions and efficiently minimize energy inefficiencies, the significance of novel approaches to energy optimization becomes increasingly evident. This research presents a novel digital twin concept that is designed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of high-temperature heat pumps in industrial renewable energy systems. Through the utilization of real-time data and complex computer modeling techniques, our proposed digital twin model seamlessly presents a comprehensive perspective on energy flows. This approach identifies inefficiencies and delivers practical insights to mitigate waste. The incorporation of this approach into pre-existing ecoconscious renewable energy systems has the potential to greatly enhance the effectiveness, predictability, and long-term viability of industrial processes. The empirical findings, obtained from multiple case studies conducted in industrial settings, provide evidence of the potential benefits in terms of energy waste reduction, and maximize the durability of systems. The results of our initial studies provide a foundation for the utilization of digital twin technologies in the field of industrial renewable energy systems optimization, representing a significant advancement towards a more environmentally sustainable industrial landscape.
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| 2. |
- Campanella, Gianluca, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenome-wide association study of adiposity and future risk of obesity-related diseases
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 42:12, s. 2022-2035
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for several common chronic diseases such as breast and colorectal cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases; however, the biological basis for these relationships is not fully understood. To explore the association of obesity with these conditions, we investigated peripheral blood leucocyte (PBL) DNA methylation markers for adiposity and their contribution to risk of incident breast and colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction.Methods: DNA methylation profiles (Illumina Infinium® HumanMethylation450 BeadChip) from 1941 individuals from four population-based European cohorts were analysed in relation to body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip and waistheight ratio within a meta-analytical framework. In a subset of these individuals, data on genome-wide gene expression level, biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism were also available. Validation of methylation markers associated with all adiposity measures was performed in 358 individuals. Finally, we investigated the association of obesity-related methylation marks with breast, colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction within relevant subsets of the discovery population.Results: We identified 40 CpG loci with methylation levels associated with at least one adiposity measure. Of these, one CpG locus (cg06500161) in ABCG1 was associated with all four adiposity measures (P=9.07×10−8 to 3.27×10−18) and lower transcriptional activity of the full-length isoform of ABCG1 (P=6.00×10−7), higher triglyceride levels (P=5.37×10−9) and higher triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (P=1.03×10−10). Of the 40 informative and obesity-related CpG loci, two (in IL2RB and FGF18) were significantly associated with colorectal cancer (inversely, P<1.6×10−3) and one intergenic locus on chromosome 1 was inversely associated with myocardial infarction (P<1.25×10−3), independently of obesity and established risk factors.Conclusion: Our results suggest that epigenetic changes, in particular altered DNA methylation patterns, may be an intermediate biomarker at the intersection of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and could offer clues as to underlying biological mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Guccione, Salvatore, et al.
(författare)
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Optimum Coupling of Thermal Energy Storage and Power Cycles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2023. - : American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work proposes a methodology that enables decision-making in selecting the adequate power cycle and Thermal Energy Storage (TES) type for a wide range of operating temperatures between 380 and 1200 °C. A broad spectrum of power block configurations has been explored including steam Rankine, gas turbine, supercritical CO2, (sCO2) combined gas turbine with Rankine, and combined gas turbine with sCO2. The study also evaluated molten salt, particle, and air packed bed TES to identify the most cost-effective power cycle and TES combination. A techno-economic optimization has been conducted aimed at minimizing the Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS) for different plant capacities and charging costs. Results show that coupling of a sCO2 power block with recompression and intercooling with a particle TES is the most cost-effective solution for a 100 MWe plant with 12 hours of storage and a charging cost of 50 EUR/MWh. This achieved an LCOS value of 154.7 EUR/MWh at 750 °C with a 200 °C temperature difference. Particle-based energy storage is the most cost-effective option for a wide range of temperature combinations, while an intercooled sCO2 power block with an air-packed bed TES should be preferred when electricity is free, and storage represents a significant portion of the capital cost. Molten salt TES is the optimal choice provided that the design temperatures align with the limitations of the salts.
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| 4. |
- Guccione, Salvatore, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-Economic Optimization of a Hybrid PV-CSP Plant With Molten Salt Thermal Energy Storage and Supercritical CO2 Brayton Power Cycle
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo. - : ASME International.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-efficient supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power blocks and the hybridization with solar photovoltaic (PV) plants have been identified as two viable solutions to enhance the economic competitiveness of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants. This work introduces an innovative hybrid PV-CSP system layout with molten salt thermal energy storage and a sCO2 power block. An active hybridization has been proposed employing a molten salt electric heater that allows storing the excess PV production as thermal energy. The scalability of the plant has been investigated using size-dependent cost functions and introducing a novel methodology for scaling the sCO2 turbomachinery efficiencies. The conducted techno-economic optimizations show that the proposed hybrid PV-CSP plants can be cost-competitive. For a European solar resource location - 1900 kWh/(m2yr) - Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) values lower than 66 EUR/MWh and capacity factors higher than 70 % can be achieved at 100 MWe. For a high-irradiance location - 3400 kWh/(m2yr) - a capacity factor of 85 % and a LCOE of 46 EUR/MWh have been found for the same scale. The selection of the sCO2 power cycle has a marginal impact on these results so that a simple recuperated cycle can yield similar LCOEs as the recompressed, reheated, and intercooled layouts. For smaller scales, systems with large gaps between the PV and CSP capacities are preferred, laying the optimal conditions for the electric heater integration with utilization factors up to 21 %.
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| 5. |
- Guccione, Salvatore, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic Analysis of a Hybrid PV-Particle Based sCO2 Concentrating Solar Power Plant
- 2023
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work performs a thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid CSP – PV plant characterized by a particle tower CSP running a supercritical CO2 power unit and a PV field. The two plants are hybridized by employing a particle electrical heater that allows to store the electricity produced in excess by the PV field as thermal energy in the CSP storage. The PV production is compensated by the CSP plant to achieve the maximum power that can be injected into the grid (25 MW). The main key performance indicators considered in this analysis are the capacity factor, the share of energy wasted, the annual energy yield, the electric heater utilization factor, and the share of TES charged by the electric heater. The influence of the plant solar multiple, storage size, PV nominal size, electric heater efficiency, and electric heater capacity has been assessed through different sensitivity analyses. The results show that it is worth hybridizing the system, indeed the solar power plant operates during summer continuously day and night, exploiting the advantages of the two technologies, while limiting their drawbacks. Plant configurations leading to a capacity factor higher than 81% with a share of energy wasted limited to 5% can be identified. The electric heater capacity and efficiency are shown to be highly important parameters, highlighting the need for further component development.
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| 6. |
- Shamsi, Syed Safeer Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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Sco2 Based Pumped Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems Valorizing Industrial Waste Heat Recovery : A Techno-Economic Analysis Of The Role Of High Temperature Tes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings Of Asme Turbo Expo 2023. - : ASME International. - 9780791886991
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current renewable energy dominated power system, as power production is becoming more and more unpredictable, it would be important to act at two levels: integrating relevant power/energy capacity of energy storage and making demand more controllable. At this purpose, acting on industrial energy demand via integration of energy storage and electrification of local processes, could provide a significant contribution. At the same time, waste heat recovery (WHR) is quite a consolidated industrial practise. Nevertheless, WH valorisation is usually performed via bottoming cycles, such as steam, ORC or supercritical CO2 (sCO(2)) power cycles. The development of thermo-mechanical storages to be installed at industrial level, can contribute in this direction through the use of traditional technologies (rotating machinery) employed in power plants as well as in Waste-heat-to-power (WH2P) plants. This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of Pumped Thermal Energy Storages (PTES) for sCO(2) cycles, comparing market available thermal energy storage materials for different temperature range of operation. The proposed system is purposefully designed to exploit the waste heat sources for the temperature ranges of 150-400 degrees C, difficult to exploit for WH2P solutions and rarely addressed in literature so far. The use of sCO(2) enhances the techno-economic features of these systems, the independent charging and discharging system proposed in this study can also provide a keen sense of flexibility especially for the upscaling of a PTES plant to reach an equal grid flexibility power for charging and discharging. At the same time, the valorisation of low temperature waste heat enables industries to enhance their energy efficiency, limit their operational costs and environmental impact, whilst becoming an active part in the regulation of the grid. At this purpose optimal system configurations and dispatch strategies are identified based on typical load curves of specific EU markets. Starting from an identified reference case (a cement production plant with WH temperature to be valorized around 330 degrees C), different PTES cycle layouts and TES technological solutions are compared on a techno-economic basis. The waste heat integration to the PTES system has been found to add satisfactory value in terms of RTE. On the other hand, it proves to be an optimal use case of waste heat valorisation than traditional waste heat to power cycles when compared in terms of exergy, capital cost and dispatchability in ever increasing RES penetration scenarios. The identification of the most optimal TES however is driven by economic factors too as presented in CAPEX and dispatchability analysis.
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| 7. |
- Soliman, Hady R., et al.
(författare)
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Utilizing Industrial Waste Heat for Power Generation Using sCO2 Cycles
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th European sCO2 Conference 2021, sCO2 2021. - : DuEPublico - Duisburg-Essen Publications Online. ; , s. 322-332
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The industrial sector accounts for approximately 30% of the global total energy consumption and 50% of that is lost as waste heat. Recovering waste heat from industries and utilizing it as an energy source is a sustainable way of generating electricity. Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycles can be used with various heat sources including waste heat. Current literature primarily focuses on the cycle’s thermodynamic performance without investigating the economics of the system. This is mainly due to the lack of reliable cost estimates for the cycle components. Recently developed cost scaling makes it possible to perform more accurate techno-economic studies on these systems. This work aims to model waste-heat-to-power systems and by performing sensitivity analysis on various system components, attempts to determine which factors require the most attention to bring this technology into commercialization. The industries with the largest unutilized waste heat are cement, iron and steel, aluminum and gas compressor stations. In this work, models of different sCO2 cycle configurations were developed and simulated for these industries. The techno-economic model optimizes for the highest Net Present Value (NPV) using an Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. The optimization variables are the pressure levels, split ratios, recuperator effectiveness, condenser temperature and the turbine inlet temperature limited by the heat source. The results show industries can cut down costs by 8-34M using this system. Furthermore, the system can achieve an LCOE between 2.5-4.5 c/kWh which is competitive with ORC (3.2-18 c/kWh) and steam cycles (3-9 c/kWh). Out of the modeled industries, waste heat recovery in the steel industry yields the highest NPV of 34.6M.
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| 8. |
- Trevisan, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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A high-temperature thermal stability and optical property study of inorganic coatings on ceramic particles for potential thermal energy storage applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ceramic-based packed bed solutions are becoming more common in the energy fields as both thermal energy storage and heat exchanger. Such solutions are usually designed for the working temperature ranges above600 ◦C, thus thermal radiation becomes significant and even acts as the dominant heat transfer mechanism. Therefore, applying high-temperature coatings with different thermal properties could be an efficient way in enhancing the performance of these applications. In this work, the high-temperature long residency and cyclic thermal stability of six inorganic coatings applied on a ceramic substrate are investigated. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments are performed. The results show that HIE-Coat 840MX and Pyropaint 634 ZO exhibit excellent thermal stability performance both at high-temperature testing (1000 ◦C) and under thermal cycle testing (400 ◦C–800 ◦C). TiO2 based coatings could be a viable solution if the powder is pre-treated to avoid polymorph transition during the operation. Stainless steel 304 powder-based coating could also be a possible solution, since the adhesive curbs the oxidation and hinders the coating from deterioration. Contrarily, Pyromark2500 and MgO-based coating show different degradation problems that limit their exploitation in high-temperature applications undergoing thermal cycles. The investigated coatings show a wide range of thermal emissivity (between 0.6 and 0.9), with stable or decreasing trends with temperature. This enables a potential20% change of the effective thermal conductivity for the packing structure. This work is a stepping-stone towards further detailed experimental studies on the influence of coatings on various packed bed thermal storage systems, and thus offer a new option in improving the performances of the energy equipment with packed bed systems.
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| 9. |
- Trevisan, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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A study of metallic coatings on ceramic particles for thermal emissivity control and effective thermal conductivity enhancement in packed bed thermal energy storage
- 2022
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ceramic particles-based packed bed systems are attracting the interest from various high-temperature applications such as thermal energy storage, nuclear cooling reactors, and catalytic support structures. Considering that these systems work above 600 ◦C, thermal radiation becomes significant or even the major heat transfer mechanism. The use of coatings with different thermal and optical properties could represent a way to tune and enhance the thermodynamic performances of the packed bed systems. In this study, the thermal stability of several metallic (Inconel, Nitinol, and Stainless Steel) based coatings is investigated at both high temperature and cyclic thermal conditions. Consequently, the optical properties and their temperature dependence are measured. The results show that both Nitinol and Stainless Steel coatings have excellent thermal stability at temperatures as high as 1000 ◦C and after multiple thermal cycles. Contrarily, Inconel (particularly 625) based coatings show abundant coating degradation. The investigated coatings also offer a wide range of thermal emissivity (between0.6 and 0.9 in the temperature range of 400–1000 ◦C), and variable trends against increasing temperature. This work is a stepping-stone towards further detailed experimental and modelling studies on the heat transfer enhancement in different ceramic-based packed bed applications through using metallic coatings.
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| 10. |
- Trevisan, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Coatings utilization to modify the effective properties of high temperature packed bed thermal energy storage
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-temperature thermal energy storage is becoming more and more important as a key component in concentrating solar power systems and as an economically viable large-scale energy storage solution. Ceramics and natural rocks based packed beds are one of the attracting solutions. For application temperatures above 600 ◦C, radiation heat transfer becomes the dominant heat transfer phenomenon and it greatly influences the performance of thermal storage systems. Coatings with different thermal properties (mainly thermal emissivity and thermal conductivity) could be exploited to modify the effective thermal properties of packed beds. In this work, we present a methodology to account for the thermal effect of a coating layer applied over the pebbles of a packed bed. The influences on the packed bed effective thermal conductivity of several characteristics of the coating material, packed bed arrangement, and filler material are investigated. The results show that low emissivity coatings could reduce the effective thermal conductivity of a rock based packed bed of about 58%, with respect to a similar uncoated solution, already at 800 ◦C. A low emissivity coating could also limit the increase in the thermal effective conductivity from the cold to the hot zone of the storage. Coatings would have a higher influence when applied in packed beds with large size particles, relatively high thermal conductivity of the substrate and void fraction. The application of different coatings, with various thermo-physical properties, in different parts of the storage could modify the effective thermal conductivity distribution and enable a partial control of the thermocline degradation, increasing the storage thermal efficiency.
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