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- Brömstrup, Torben, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition versus Potentiation of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Can Be Altered by a Single Mutation that Moves Ligands between Intra- and Intersubunit Sites
- 2013
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Ingår i: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-2126 .- 1878-4186. ; 21:8, s. 1307-1316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) are similar in structure but either inhibited or potentiated by alcohols and anesthetics. This dual modulation has previously not been understood, but the determination of X-ray structures of prokaryotic GLIC provides an ideal model system. Here, we show that a single-site mutation at the F14' site in the GLIC transmembrane domain turns desflurane and chloroform from inhibitors to potentiators, and that this is explained by competing allosteric sites. The F14'A mutation opens an intersubunit site lined by N239 (15'), 1240 (16'), and Y263. Free energy calculations confirm this site is the preferred binding location for desflurane and chloroform in GLIC F14'A. In contrast, both anesthetics prefer an intrasubunit site in wild-type GLIC. Modulation is therefore the net effect of competitive binding between the intersubunit potentiating site and an intrasubunit inhibitory site. This provides direct evidence for a dual-site model of allosteric regulation of pLGICs.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Howard, Rebecca J, et al.
(författare)
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Structural basis for alcohol modulation of a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 108:29, s. 12149-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite its long history of use and abuse in human culture, the molecular basis for alcohol action in the brain is poorly understood. The recent determination of the atomic-scale structure of GLIC, a prokaryotic member of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) family, provides a unique opportunity to characterize the structural basis for modulation of these channels, many of which are alcohol targets in brain. We observed that GLIC recapitulates bimodal modulation by n-alcohols, similar to some eukaryotic pLGICs: methanol and ethanol weakly potentiated proton-activated currents in GLIC, whereas n-alcohols larger than ethanol inhibited them. Mapping of residues important to alcohol modulation of ionotropic receptors for glycine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and acetylcholine onto GLIC revealed their proximity to transmembrane cavities that may accommodate one or more alcohol molecules. Site-directed mutations in the pore-lining M2 helix allowed the identification of four residues that influence alcohol potentiation, with the direction of their effects reflecting α-helical structure. At one of the potentiation-enhancing residues, decreased side chain volume converted GLIC into a highly ethanol-sensitive channel, comparable to its eukaryotic relatives. Covalent labeling of M2 positions with an alcohol analog, a methanethiosulfonate reagent, further implicated residues at the extracellular end of the helix in alcohol binding. Molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the structural consequences of a potentiation-enhancing mutation and suggested a structural mechanism for alcohol potentiation via interaction with a transmembrane cavity previously termed the "linking tunnel." These results provide a unique structural model for independent potentiating and inhibitory interactions of n-alcohols with a pLGIC family member.
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| 6. |
- Bertaccini, Edward J., et al.
(författare)
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Anesthetic Binding Sites in a GlyRa1 Model Based on Open State Prokaryotic Ion Channel Templates
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society Anesthesiologists.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction : Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are thought to mediate a significant proportion of anesthetic effects. We built atomic level models of the glycine alpha one receptor (GlyRa1) to examine its interactions with anesthetics. We previously built models of a GlyRa1 based on a prokaryotic pentameric ion channel in the closed state from Erwinia Chrysanthemi (ELIC) (1-3). Here, we built a GlyRa1 model based on the open state structures of two new ion channels from the prokaryote Gloebacter violaceus (GLIC).(4-5) These new templates are relevant since anesthetics are thought to bind to and stabilize the open state of the GlyRa1. Methods : The 3D coordinates of two forms of GLIC (3EHZ.pdb and 3EAM.pdb) were obtained from the RCSB database. The sequence of the human GlyRa1 was obtained from the NCBI database. A BLAST sequence search was performed using the GLIC sequences. Among the best scored homologous human sequences were those of the GlyRa1. The template structures and the sequence of GlyRa1 were aligned with Discovery Studio 2.0.1 (Accelrys, San Diego, CA) and the Modeler module was used for assignment of coordinates for aligned amino acids, the construction of possible loops, and the initial refinement of amino acid sidechains. Results : The BLAST derived scores suggest a close homology between the LGICs, GLIC and ELIC. Subsequent CLUSTALW alignment of the GLIC and GlyRa1 sequences demonstrates reasonable sequence similarity. The model of the GlyRa1 is a homomer with pentameric symmetry about a central ion pore and shows significant transmembrane alpha helical and extracellular beta sheet content. Unlike our previous model based on the ELIC template, the current model based on the GLIC templates shows a continuously open pore with a partial restriction within the transmembrane region. Three of the residues notable for modulating anesthetic action are on transmembrane segments 1-3 (TM1-3) (ILE229, SER 267, ALA 288). They now line the intersubunit interface, in contrast to our previous models. However, residues from TM4 that are known to modulate a variety of anesthetic effects on this or homologous LGICs are present but could only indirectly influence an intersubunit anesthetic binding site. Normal mode analyses show an iris-like motion similar to previous results.Conclusions : A model of the GlyRa1 was constructed using homology modeling based on the GLIC templates. This model posits an intersubunit site for anesthetic binding that may communicate with the intrasubunit region of each TMD.
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| 7. |
- Bertaccini, E. J., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of homology templates and an anesthetic binding site within the ?-aminobutyric acid receptor
- 2013
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Ingår i: Anesthesiology. - 0003-3022 .- 1528-1175. ; 119:5, s. 1087-1095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Anesthetics mediate portions of their activity via modulation of the ?-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAaR). Although its molecular structure remains unknown, significant progress has been made toward understanding its interactions with anesthetics via molecular modeling. Methods: The structure of the torpedo acetylcholine receptor (nAChR?), the structures of the ?4 and ?2 subunits of the human nAChR, the structures of the eukaryotic glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl), and the prokaryotic pH-sensing channels, from Gloeobacter violaceus and Erwinia chrysanthemi, were aligned with the SAlign and 3DMA algorithms. A multiple sequence alignment from these structures and those of the GABAaR was performed with ClustalW. The Modeler and Rosetta algorithms independently created three-dimensional constructs of the GABAaR from the GluCl template. The CDocker algorithm docked a congeneric series of propofol derivatives into the binding pocket and scored calculated binding affinities for correlation with known GABAaR potentiation EC50s. Results: Multiple structure alignments of templates revealed a clear consensus of residue locations relevant to anesthetic effects except for torpedo nAChR. Within the GABAaR models generated from GluCl, the residues notable for modulating anesthetic action within transmembrane segments 1, 2, and 3 converged on the intersubunit interface between ? and ? subunits. Docking scores of a propofol derivative series into this binding site showed strong linear correlation with GABAaR potentiation EC50. Conclusion: Consensus structural alignment based on homologous templates revealed an intersubunit anesthetic binding cavity within the transmembrane domain of the GABAaR, which showed a correlation of ligand docking scores with experimentally measured GABAaR potentiation.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bertaccini, Edward J, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Anesthetic Binding Sites within the Glycine Alpha One Receptor Based on Prokaryotic Ion Channel Templates : The Problem with TM4
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of chemical information and modeling. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-960X .- 1549-9596. ; 50:12, s. 2248-2255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) significantly modulate anesthetic effects. Their exact molecular structure remains unknown. This has led to ambiguity regarding the proper amino acid alignment within their 3D structure and, in turn, the location of any anesthetic binding sites. Current controversies suggest that such a site could be located in either an intra- or intersubunit locale within the transmembrane domain of the protein. Here, we built a model of the glycine alpha one receptor (GlyRa1) based on the open-state structures of two new high-resolution ion channel templates from the prokaryote, Gloebacter violaceus (GLIC). Sequence scoring suggests reasonable homology between GlyRa1 and GLIC. Three of the residues notable for modulating anesthetic action are on transmembrane segments 1-3 (TM1-3): (ILE229, SER 267, and ALA 288). They line an intersubunit interface, in contrast to previous models. However, residues from the fourth transmembrane domain (TM4) that are known to modulate a variety of anesthetic effects are quite distant from this putative anesthetic binding site. While this model can account for a large proportion of the physicochemical data regarding such proteins, it cannot readily account for the alterations on anesthetic effects that are due to mutations within TM4.
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| 10. |
- Bertaccini, Edward J., et al.
(författare)
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Normal-mode analysis of the glycine alpha1 receptor by three separate methods
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9596 .- 1549-960X. ; 47:4, s. 1572-1579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predicting collective dynamics and structural changes in biological macromolecules is pivotal toward a better understanding of many biological processes. Limitations due to large system sizes and inaccessible time scales have prompted the development of alternative techniques for the calculation of such motions. In this work, we present the results of a normal-mode analysis technique based on molecular mechanics that enables the calculation of accurate force-field based vibrations of extremely large molecules and compare it with two elastic network approximate models. When applied to the glycine alpha1 receptor, all three normal-mode analysis algorithms demonstrate an "iris-like" gating motion. Such gating motions have implications for understanding the effects of anesthetic and other ligand binding sites and for the means of transducing agonist binding into ion channel opening. Unlike the more approximate methods, molecular mechanics based analyses can also reveal approximate vibrational frequencies. Such analyses may someday allow the use of protein dynamics elucidated via normal-mode calculations as additional endpoints for future drug design.
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