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- van de Klundert, MAA, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in Eastern Europe and Russia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 14:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe and Russia is large and not well-controlled. To describe the more recent molecular epidemiology of HIV-1, transmitted drug resistance, and the relationship between the epidemics in this region, we sequenced the protease and reverse transcriptase genes of HIV-1 from 812 people living with HIV from Ukraine (n = 191), Georgia (n = 201), and Russia (n = 420) before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. In 190 Ukrainian patients, the integrase gene sequence was also determined. The most reported route of transmission was heterosexual contact, followed by intravenous drug use, and men having sex with men (MSM). Several pre-existing drug resistance mutations were found against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) (n = 103), protease inhibitors (n = 11), and nucleoside analogue RTIs (n = 12), mostly polymorphic mutations or revertants. In the integrase gene, four strains with accessory integrase strand transfer inhibitor mutations were identified. Sub-subtype A6 caused most of the infections (713/812; 87.8%) in all three countries, including in MSM. In contrast to earlier studies, no clear clusters related to the route of transmission were identified, indicating that, within the region, the exchange of viruses among the different risk groups may occur more often than earlier reported.
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| 2. |
- Barinov, S., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of fluorapatite minor additions on behavior of hydroxyapatite Ceramics
- 2004
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Ingår i: J. of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. ; 15, s. 291-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluorinated hydroxyapatite is known to be less soluble by body fluids, resulting in enhanced resistance to biodegradation in vivo conditions, as compared to the pure hydroxyapatite ceramics. The present work was aimed at the investigation of the effect of
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Tumanov, Nikolay A., et al.
(författare)
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High-Pressure Study of Mn(BH4)(2) Reveals a Stable Polymorph with High Hydrogen Density
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 28:1, s. 274-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-pressure behavior of alpha-Mn(BH4)(2) was studied up to 29.4 GPa in diamond anvil cells using powder Xray diffraction combined with DFT calculations and Raman spectroscopy, and two new polymorphs were discovered. The first polymorph, delta-Mn(BH4)(2), forms near 1 GPa and is isostructural to the magnesium analogue delta-Mg(BH4)(2). This polymorph is stable upon decompression to ambient conditions and can also be obtained by compression of alpha-Mn(BH4)(2) in a large-volume steel press as well as by high-energy ball milling. It shows a high volumetric density of hydrogen of 125 g H-2/L at ambient conditions. delta-Mn(BH4)(2) was refined in the space group I4(1)/acd with the cell parameters a = 7.85245(6), c = 12.1456(2) angstrom, and V = 748.91(1) angstrom(3) at ambient conditions; it can also be described in a stable P-4n2 superstructure. Its thermal stability was studied by in situ X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis coupled with mass-spectroscopy. delta-Mn(BH4)(2) transforms back to alpha-Mn(BH4)(2) upon heating in the temperature range of 67-109 degrees C in Ar (1 bar) or H-2 (100 bar) atmosphere, and a decomposition is initiated at 130 degrees C with the release of hydrogen and some diborane. Mn(BH4)(2) undergoes a second phase transition to delta'-Mn(BH4)(2) in the pressure range of 8.6-11.8 GPa. delta'-phase is not isostructural to the second high-pressure phase of Mg(BH4)(2), and its structure was determined in the root 2a X c supercell compared to the delta-phase and refined in the space group Fddd with a = 9.205(17), b = 9.321(10), c = 12.638(15) angstrom, and V = 1084(3) angstrom(3) at 11.8 GPa. Equations of state were determined for alpha- and delta-Mn(BH4)(2).
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