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- Ekberg-Jansson, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Neutrophil-associated activation markers in healthy smokers relates to a fall in DL(CO) and to emphysematous changes on high resolution CT
- 2001
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 95:5, s. 363-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking is a risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but there are no good indicators for early identification of subjects who will develop symptomatic COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory mechanisms related to changes in lung function and emphysematous changes on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in 'healthy' smokers. Subjects were 60-year-old men from a population study. Bronchoscopy was performed in 30 smokers and 18 who had never smoked. Blood tests, lung function measurements and HRCT were carried out in 58 and 34 subjects, respectively. In comparison with never-smokers, smokers had higher levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and lysozyme in blood, higher levels of MPO, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and HNL in bronchial lavage (BL), and of IL-8, HNL and interleukin-lbeta (IL-1beta) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Smokers also had lower levels of Clara cell protein 16 (CC-16) in blood. HNL in BL and BAL showed strong correlations to other inflammatory markers (MPO, IL-8, IL-1beta). The variations in MPO in BL were explained by variations in HNL (R2 =0.69), while these variations in BAL were explained by variations in HNL and IL-1beta (R2 = 0.76). DL(CO) was the lung function variable most closely related to MPO and IL-8 in BL and BAL and to IL-1beta in BAL. In a multiple regression analysis, MPO, IL-1beta, IL-8 and CC-16 in BL and MPO in BAL contributed to the explanation of variations in DL(CO) to 41% and 22%. respectively, independent of smoking habits. In smokers with emphysematous lesions on HRCT, HNL in BAL correlated to emphysema score (r(s) = 0.71). We conclude that 'healthy' smoking men with a near normal FEV1 show signs of inflammation in the lower airways that are related to a decrease in DL(CO) and to emphysematous lesions on HRCT. This inflammation seems to be the result of both monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil activation.
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- Friman, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Emphysema Detection in CT Images
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes a fully automatic approach for detecting emphysema in CT im ages of the lungs. The method combines an image processing step, where potential emphysematous area s are extracted, and a neural network step trained to rec
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- Tylen, U, et al.
(författare)
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Emphysematous lesions and lung function in healthy smokers 60 years of age
- 2000
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 94:1, s. 38-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to study the occurrence of emphysematous lesions in symptom free smoking men of about 60 years of age and in a matching group of never-smoking men and the relationship between pulmonary changes at high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and lung function tests. Our investigation included 57 smoking and 32 never-smoking healthy men from a randomized epidemiological study. HRCT was performed at full inspiration with a 1.5 mm slice thickness and a 3 cm inter-slice distance. Evaluation was made by two radiologists unaware of smoking history. Emphysematous lesions were scored visually. Pulmonary function tests were performed including spirometry and diffusion capacity test (DLCO). Emphysematous changes were demonstrated in 25 of 57 smokers but in only one never-smoker. DLCO/VA was the most sensitive test for early emphysematous lesions. It also correlated with radiographical scoring. Emphysematous lesions were evident in 44% of the healthy symptom free smokers. HRCT may reveal early emphysematous lesions in smokers before clinical symptoms have developed.
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- Wollmer, P, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of pulmonary density by means of X-ray computerized tomography. Relation to pulmonary mechanics in normal subjects
- 1986
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-3692. ; 90:3, s. 91-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the relationship between pulmonary density, measured with computerized tomography, and pulmonary mechanics (static pulmonary volume; pulmonary resistance) in 39 normal subjects (20 nonsmokers and 19 smokers). Pulmonary density decreased with increasing static elastic recoil pressure, and smokers consistently showed higher pulmonary density than nonsmokers. Pulmonary density, measured at full inspiration, correlated inversely with total lung capacity. Pulmonary density showed a ventrodorsal gradient, which was greater at low elastic recoil pressure than at high recoil pressure. The study shows that pulmonary density is related to the mechanical properties of the lung in normal subjects. Increased pulmonary density appears to be a sensitive indicator of pulmonary damage induced by smoking. Further studies of the relationship between pulmonary density and pulmonary mechanics in disease seem warranted.
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