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Sökning: WFRF:(Tylen Ulf)

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1.
  • Wollmer, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Measurement of lung density by x-ray computed tomography. Relation to lung mechanics in workers exposed to asbestos cement
  • 1987
  • Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3543 .- 0012-3692. ; 91:6, s. 865-869
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We measured lung density by means of x-ray computed tomography and lung mechanics in 33 workers exposed to asbestos cement and in 39 normal subjects. The exposed group showed evidence of lung fibrosis with reduced static lung volumes and lung compliance, although only three subjects had signs of interstitial fibrosis at standard chest radiography. Lung density was significantly increased in the exposed workers compared to control subjects, with greater differences between nonsmokers than between smokers. Lung density correlated inversely with static lung volumes. There was no appreciable difference in the regional distribution of lung density between exposed workers and control subjects. We conclude that lung density is often increased in workers with mild asbestosis, even in the presence of a normal chest radiograph. Measurement of lung density may be of value in the evaluation of asbestos-exposed workers for assessment of the extent of parenchymal disease.
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2.
  • Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • Interventional treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours.
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Digestion. - 0012-2823. ; 62 Suppl 1, s. 59-68
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neuroendocrine (NE) tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (carcinoids and endocrine pancreatic tumours) are rare diseases. In the presence of liver metastases these patients may suffer from disabling symptoms due to hormone overproduction. Patients with localized disease can be resected for cure and also patients with liver metastases can undergo potentially curative tumour resection. However, long-term follow-up of the latter cases indicates frequent recurrence of tumour. Using close biochemical monitoring of tumour markers combined with newer techniques for tumour visualization, these recurrences can often be diagnosed at an early stage so that repeat surgical procedures can be performed. During the last years very active surgery has been recommended for NE tumours, many of which have a relatively slow growth. Even in patients not amenable to curative liver surgery, debulking can be considered if the main tumour burden can be safely excised. The primary aim of this type of treatment is palliation of hormonal symptoms. An important question is whether the aggressive treatment actually prolongs survival. No prospective studies have been performed. Such studies are hampered by the lack of strict surgical programs running over long periods and the relative rarity of NE tumours. Liver transplantation may be another treatment modality in selected cases.
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3.
  • Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • Management of disseminated midgut carcinoid tumours.
  • 1991
  • Ingår i: Digestion. - 0012-2823. ; 49:2, s. 78-96
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Forty-one patients with disseminated midgut carcinoid tumours were treated over a 6-year period according to a strict programme including primary surgical treatment. In 10 patients, a total remission of the disease was obtained. Patients with bilobar hepatic disease had ischaemic treatment of their liver metastases by hepatic arterial embolisation after primary surgical and medical treatment (low dose octreotide). Thus, by combining surgical, radiological and medical treatment modalities, we wanted to offer these patients optimal palliation. This treatment programme resulted in good symptomatic relief in all patients accompanied by a marked reduction in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels. At recurrence of symptoms in combination with rising 5-HIAA levels, embolisation was repeated. Ten of the treated patients have deceased during the observation period, but only 5 from their carcinoid disease.
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4.
  • Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • Treatment of liver metastases of carcinoid tumors.
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: World journal of surgery. - 0364-2313. ; 20:2, s. 196-202
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Liver metastases imply a major problem in patients with carcinoid tumors. Patients with localized disease should always undergo resection for cure. Patients with distant metastatic disease can also undergo resection for potential cure or symptom palliation because of the slow growth rate of many carcinoid tumors. In patients with the midgut carcinoid syndrome and bilobar hepatic disease we have performed primary surgery to relieve such symptoms as intestinal obstruction and ischemia, followed by successive embolizations of the hepatic arteries to reduce functional tumor burden in the liver. For optimal palliation, all patients with residual tumor were treated by octreotide. In a consecutive series of 64 patients with the midgut carcinoid syndrome we thus attained a 5-year survival rate of 70%. Fourteen of the patients underwent intentionally curative surgery (e.g., primary surgery followed by liver surgery). Of these patients, none died from their tumor disease during the period of study. The value of adjunctive interferon therapy is currently under evaluation.
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5.
  • Ekberg-Jansson, Ann, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Bronchial mucosal mast cells in asymptomatic smokers relation to structure, lung function and emphysema
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Respir Med. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 99:1, s. 75-83
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The pathologic mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) most certainly involves neutrophil granulocytes, cytotoxic T-cells, macophages and mast cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the number of mast cells in different compartments in bronchial biopsies of central proximal airways to structural changes, lung function tests and emphysema detected by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Twenty nine asymptomatic smoking and 16 never-smoking men from a population study were recruited. Central bronchial biopsies were stained to identify mast cells by immunohistochemistry. The number of mast cells in the epithelium, lamina propria and smooth muscle as well as epithelial integrity and thickness of the tenascin and laminin layer were determined. Smokers had increased numbers of mast cells in all compartments (P<0.001). Structural changes were correlated to mast cell numbers with the closest associations to mast cell numbers in the smooth muscle [epithelial integrity (R(S)=-0.48, P=0.008), laminin layer (R(S)=0.63, P=0.0002), tenascin layer (R(S)=0.40, P=0.03)]. Similar correlations between mast cells and lung function tests were seen [functional residual capacity (FRC) (R(S)=0.60, P=0.0006), total lung capacity (TLC) (R(S)=0.44, P=0.02) and residual volume (RV) (R(S)=0.41, P=0.03)]. No correlations could be detected between mast cells and FEV1 or to emphysema. Smoking is associated with an increase of mast cells in all compartments of the bronchial mucosa, including smooth muscle, and this is related to altered airway structure and function.
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6.
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7.
  • Friman, Ola, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Recognizing emphysema - A neural network approach
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Pattern Recognition, 2002. Proceedings. 16th International Conference on  (Volume:1). - : IEEE Computer Society. ; , s. 512-515
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An accurate and fully automatic method for detecting and quantifying emphysema in CT-images is presented. The method is based on an image preprocessing step followed by a neural network classifier trained to separate true emphysema from artifacts. The proposed approach is shown to be superior to an established method when applied on real patient data.
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8.
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9.
  • Gustafsson, Agnetha, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of various attenuation corrections in lung SPECT in healthy subjects
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine Communications. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0143-3636 .- 1473-5628. ; 24:10, s. 1087-1095
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effect of increasingly more sophisticated attenuation correction methods on image homogeneity has been studied in seven healthy subjects. The subjects underwent computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and transmission computed tomography (TCT) of the thorax region in the supine position. Density maps were obtained from the CT and TCT studies. Attenuation corrections were performed using five different methods: (1) uniform correction using only the body contour; (2) TCT based corrections using the average lung density; (3) TCT based corrections using the pixel density; (4) CT based corrections using average lung density; and (5) CT based corrections using the pixel density. The isolated attenuation effects were assessed on quotient images generated by the division of images obtained using various attenuation correction methods divided by the non-uniform attenuation correction based on CT pixel density (reference method). The homogeneity was calculated as the coefficient of variation of the quotient images (CVatt), showing the isolated attenuation effects. Values of CVatt were on average 12.8% without attenuation correction, 10.7% with the uniform correction, 8.1% using TCT map using the average lung density value and 4.8% using CT and average lung density corrections. There are considerable inhomogeneities in lung SPECT slices due to the attenuation effect. After attenuation correction the remaining inhomogeneity is considerable and cannot be explained by statistical noise and camera non-uniformity alone. ((C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins).
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10.
  • Johansson, Åke, 1950, et al. (författare)
  • Regional ventilation and distribution of emphysema - a quantitative comparison
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. ; 24:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The distribution of ventilation and emphysema throughout the lung was compared in 20 emphysematous patients who were candidates for lung volume reduction surgery. Ventilation distribution among 1.6-cm-high stripe regions was obtained in supine position by planar gamma camera scintigraphy after inhalation of technegas(R). Results from nine healthy subjects provided normal stripe count rates. Patient count rates were expressed as the difference from predicted normal stripe count rate (DeltaSVI). Thus, DeltaSVI is a relative index of abnormal ventilation. Emphysema was assessed quantitatively by a density mask method on corresponding slices of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The results show that in the majority of patients, there is a highly significant relationship between the degree of stripe hypoventilation and the amount of distribution of emphysema, but in some patients no such relationship is found. We speculate that the distribution of airway obstruction not necessarily follows the distribution of emphysema, which could explain the lack of concordance between ventilation and emphysema distribution in some patients. We conclude that ventilation scintigraphy contains complementary information to lung HRCT.
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Tylén, Ulf, 1938 (21)
Ahlman, Håkan, 1947 (8)
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