| 1. |
- Bergwall, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Betydelsen av sociala medier för beslut om vaccination - en litteraturöversikt
- 2013
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Syftet med den här litteraturöversikten är att undersöka vilken eventuell betydelse som sociala medier har för beslut om vaccination samt om sociala medier påverkar täckningsgraden i nationella vaccinationsprogram. En litteratursökning utfördes i Lunds universitets samlade biblioteksdatabas Summon. Söktermerna relaterade till sociala medier och vacciner. Efter gallring inkluderades 55 internationella och vetenskapligt granskade artiklar varav 50 (91 %) var publicerade 2006 eller senare. Det är en övervikt av brittiska och amerikanska artiklar i materialet. Vaccinmotstånd har inte uppstått med de sociala mediernas framväxt. Däremot eftersöker allmänheten hälsoinformation på internet i allt större utsträckning, inte minst i Sverige. Det kan förklara det växande intresset bland forskare för de sociala mediernas betydelse i hälsokommunikation. Twitter, Facebook och YouTube används i stor omfattning av både vaccinförespråkare och vaccinmotståndare. Enligt litteraturen utgör de här sociala medierna en stor potentiell tillgång för hälsoaktörer. Medan allmänhetens intresse tycks öka konstant befinner sig hälsoaktörer däremot olika långt fram när det gäller att utnyttja dessa mediers potential. Litteraturöversikten ger inga belägg för att sociala medier har påverkat vaccinationstäckningen i negativ bemärkelse, men frågan behöver följas framöver i takt med att utnyttjandegraden av sociala medier i målgrupperna ökar. Det går inte att säga att vaccinkritiska budskap är överrepresenterade i sociala medier. De tycks snarare vara i minoritet. Samtidigt verkar negativa budskap få större spridning proportionellt sett jämfört med positivt inställda budskap. Bristen på vetenskapliga publikationer som fokuserar på relationen sociala medier och folkhälsa i en svensk kontext är påtaglig. Behovet av svenska och nordiska studier inom ämnesområdet är alltså stort. Vid en internationell jämförelse framträder Sverige och övriga Norden i en klass för sig vad gäller regelbundet internetanvändande. Det finns därför anledning för hälso- och sjukvårdsmyndigheter att öka sin närvaro i de sociala medierna.
|
|
| 2. |
- Carlsson, T., et al.
(författare)
-
HCV RNA levels during therapy with amantadine in addition to interferonand ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients with previous nonresponse orresponse/relapse to interferon and ribavirin
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Viral Hepatitis. - : Wiley. - 1352-0504 .- 1365-2893. ; 7:6, s. 409-413
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interferon (IFN) alpha in combination with ribavirin (RIB) is standard therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, many patients do not respond with sustained HCV clearance to this therapy. At present, no accepted treatment strategy exists for these patients. Recent preliminary data have suggested that amantadine (AMA) is effective against HCV infection. In a pilot study, we treated 13 nonresponders and 10 response/ relapsers to previous IFN/RIB therapy with AMA 200 mg per day in combination with IFN 3 MU thrice weekly, and RIB 1000 mg per day for 24 weeks, with a 24-week follow-up period after end-of-treatment. At the end-of-treatment, 1 previous nonresponder and 5 previous response/relapsers were HCV RNA negative. At the end of follow-up, only 1 previous response/relapser remained HCV RNA negative and had a sustained response. During therapy, serum HCV RNA became undetectable in 4 previous nonresponders, of whom 3 had a breakthrough at week 24. Twenty-one patients continued therapy without dose reductions. One patient discontinued therapy prematurely due to sleeping disturbances, and another patient was withdrawn from therapy due to heavy alcohol intake. We conclude that the addition of AMA to IFN and RIB was well tolerated but had little, if any, impact on HCV RNA eradication in nonresponders or response/relapsers to previous IFN/RIB combination therapy.
|
|
| 3. |
- Frey, Sharon, et al.
(författare)
-
Interference of antibody production to hepatitis B surface antigen in a combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B vaccine
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 180:6, s. 2018-2022
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A randomized trial comparing 3 manufacturing consistency lots of a combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B vaccine to each other and to hepatitis A vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine given separately and concurrently was done to evaluate safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity. Healthy volunteers >/=11 years of age were divided into 4 groups. Each of 3 groups received a separate consistency lot of the combination vaccine, and 1 group received separate but concurrent injections of hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines. Injections were given at weeks 0 and 24. The combination vaccine was generally well tolerated. The hepatitis A portion of the combination vaccine produced clinically acceptable high seropositivity rates 4 and 52 weeks after the first injection. The hepatitis B portion of the vaccine did not produce clinically acceptable seropositivity rates 4 weeks after the second injection. Lack of antibody production may be attributed, at least in part, to immunologic interference.
|
|
| 4. |
- Garson, J. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Virological, biochemical and histological effects of human lymphoblastoid interferon in Swedish patients with chronic hepatitis
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Journal of Viral Hepatitis. - : Wiley. - 1352-0504 .- 1365-2893. ; 4:5, s. 325-331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty-eight Swedish patients with chronic hepatitis C were randomly assigned to receive either 3 million units (MU) or 5 MU of human lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha-n1 (Wellferon) three times per week for either 6 or 12 months. The patients were monitored biochemically, histologically and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for circulating HCV RNA, during therapy and for the following year. Overall, 22 (58%) of the patients lost detectable hepatitis C virus (HCV) viraemia during therapy but eight of these patients relapsed during follow-up, leaving 14 (37%) sustained responders. Patients infected with HCV non-type 1 genotypes were significantly more likely to achieve a sustained response than were those infected with HCV type 1 (63% vs 10.5%, P = 0.001). Sustained virological responses were also associated with lower pretreatment viraemia level, younger age, absence of cirrhosis and the higher interferon dosage regimens but these associations failed to reach statistical significance. In 97% of patients there was concordance between virological and biochemical responses, and a statistically significant (P = 0.005) improvement in the Knodell histological activity index was observed in the virological sustained responders.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gisslén, Magnus, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
Antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection: Swedish recommendations 2005.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 38:2, s. 86-103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On 2 earlier occasions, in 2002 and 2003, the Swedish Medical Products Agency (MPA) and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) have jointly publicized recommendations for the treatment of HIV infection. A working group from the same expert team that produced the 2002 report has now revised the text again. Since the publication of the last treatment recommendations, 4 new medicines have become available: emtricitabine, atazanavir, fosamprenavir, and enfuvirtid. The last-mentioned belongs to a new class of HIV medications called fusion inhibitors (Box 1). It is likely that tipranavir will also be on the market soon. Simultaneously, the drug zalcitabin has been deregistered. The following updated recommendations parallel the earlier ones, but increased knowledge allows us to be more specific in our recommendations. Thus, it is now suggested that the initial treatment for HIV infection consist of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI); or 2 NRTIs and 1 protease inhibitor (PI). In the group of the NRTIs, stavudine is no longer recommended for this purpose. In the NNRTI group, efavirenz should be preferred to nevirapine, except under special circumstances. Finally, PIs ought to be boosted with ritonavir (PI/r). Also new are recommendations regarding treatment choices for patients co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or tuberculosis (TB). As in the case of the previous publication, recommendations are evidence-graded in accordance with the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, 2001 (see http://www.cebm.net/levels_of_evidence.asp#levels), and have been supplemented with references to newly-added sections and data not referred to in earlier background documentation.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Hedenstierna, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term follow-up of successful hepatitis C virus therapy : waning immune responses and disappearance of liver disease are consistent with cure.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 41:6, s. 532-543
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A sustained viral response (SVR) after interferon-based therapy of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is regarded to represent a cure. Previous studies have used different markers to clarify whether an SVR truly represents a cure, but no study has combined a clinical work-up with highly sensitive HCV RNA detection, and the determination of immune responses.AIM: To determine clinical, histological, virological and immunological markers 5-20 years after SVR.METHODS: In 54 patients, liver biochemistry, histology and elastography were evaluated. Liver biopsies, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were tested for minute amounts of HCV RNA. HCV-specific T-cell responses were monitored by ELISpot and pentamer staining, and humoral responses by measuring HCV nonstructural (NS)3-specific antibodies and virus neutralisation.RESULTS: Liver disease regressed significantly in all patients, and 51 were HCV RNA-negative in all tissues tested. There was an inverse association between liver disease, HCV-specific T-cell responses and HCV antibody levels with time from SVR, supporting that the virus had been cleared. The three patients, who all lacked signs of liver disease, had HCV RNA in PBMCs 5-9 years after SVR. All three had HCV-specific T cells and NS3 antibodies, but no cross-neutralising antibodies.CONCLUSIONS: Our combined data confirm that a SVR corresponds to a long-term clinical cure. The waning immune responses support the disappearance of the antigenic stimulus. Transient HCV RNA traces may be detected in some patients up to 9 years after SVR, but no marker associates this with an increased risk for liver disease.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Johansen, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence of estimates of the disease burden of rotavirus in Sweden
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. Supplement. - : Wiley. - 0803-5326 .- 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 88:426, s. 20-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laboratory and hospitalization data from two children's hospitals with large primary catchment areas and national laboratory and hospitalization data for children under 4 y of age with acute diarrhoea were compiled to estimate the number of hospitalizations and the cost burden associated with rotavirus diarrhoea in Sweden. According to our estimates 1500-1700 rotavirus-associated hospitalizations occur annually in Sweden in children under 4 y of age (3.7 hospitalizations/1000 children/y). This number represents 2.3% of admissions for all diagnoses in children of this age group. The cost of these hospitalizations is 13.5-15 million Swedish crowns (US$1.8-2 million). Serotyping by PCR for two years revealed that serotype 1 (G1) was the most common (49% and 58%, respectively) identified. Serotypes 2-4 were identified in the following proportions G2 (23% and 5%), G3 (21% and 0%) and G4 (7% and 16%). The national laboratory report data for 1993-96 show that as much as 7-13% of rotavirus infections occur in elderly people.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lagging, Martin, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection: updated Swedish Consensus recommendations.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 41:6-7, s. 389-402
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent expert meeting, Swedish recommendations for the treatment of HCV infection were upgraded. The panel recommends vaccination against both hepatitis A and B in patients with HCV. Therapy for symptomatic acute HCV infection should be initiated if spontaneous resolution has not occurred within 12 weeks, whereas asymptomatic acute HCV should be treated upon detection. Patients with genotype 2/3 infection should generally be treated for 24 weeks. In patients with a very rapid viral response (vRVR), i.e. HCV RNA below 1000 IU/ml on d 7, treatment can be shortened to 12-16 weeks, provided that no dose reduction has been made. For genotype 1 patients with rapid viral response (RVR), 24 weeks treatment is recommended. For patients with a complete early viral response (cEVR), 48 weeks treatment is recommended, whereas 72 weeks treatment should be considered for patients with partial early viral response (pEVR). For patients with difficult-to-treat disease and with pronounced anaemia, erythropoietin can be used to maintain the ribavirin dose. In HCV-HIV coinfected patients, combination therapy for HCV should, if possible, be initiated before anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is indicated. For liver transplant patients pre-emptive therapy is not recommended; hence, treatment should be deferred until histological recurrence.
|
|
