| 1. |
- Lazzeroni, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of third treatment week as temporal window for assessing responsiveness on repeated FDG-PET scans in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physica medica (Testo stampato). - : Elsevier BV. - 1120-1797 .- 1724-191X. ; 46, s. 45-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Early assessment of tumour response to treatment with repeated FDG-PET-CT imaging has potential for treatment adaptation but it is unclear what the optimal time window for this evaluation is. Previous studies indicate that changes in SUVmean and the effective radiosensitivity (alpha(eff), accounting for uptake variations and accumulated dose until the second FDG-PET-CT scan) are predictive of 2-year overall survival (OS) when imaging is performed before radiotherapy and during the second week. This study aims to investigate if multiple FDG-PET-derived quantities determined during the third treatment week have stronger predictive power.Methods: Twenty-eight lung cancer patients were imaged with FDG-PET-CT before radiotherapy (PET1) and during the third week (PET2). SUVmean, SUVmax, SUVpeak, MTV41%-50% (Metabolic Tumour Volume), TLG41%-50% (Total Lesion Glycolysis) in PET1 and PET2 and their change (), as well as average alpha(eff) (<(alpha)over bar >(eff)) and the negative fraction of alpha(eff) values (f(alpha eff) (< 0)) were determined. Correlations were sought between FDG-PET-derived quantities and OS with ROC analysis.Results: Neither SUVmean, SUVmax, SUVpeak in PET1 and PET2 (AUC = 0.5-0.6), nor their changes (AUC = 0.5-0.6) were significant for outcome prediction purposes. Lack of correlation with OS was also found for (alpha) over bar (eff) (AUC = 0.5) and f(alpha eff) (<) 0 (AUC = 0.5). Threshold-based quantities (MTV41%-50%, TLG41%-50%) and their changes had AUC= 0.5-0.7. P-values were in all cases >> 0.05.Conclusions: The poor OS predictive power of the quantities determined from repeated FDG-PET-CT images indicates that the third week of treatment might not be suitable for treatment response assessment. Comparatively, the second week during the treatment appears to be a better time window.
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| 2. |
- Lindblom, Emely, et al.
(författare)
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Defining the hypoxic target volume based on positron emission tomography for image guided radiotherapy – the influence of the choice of the reference region and conversion function
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - Oxfordshire : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 56:6, s. 819-825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hypoxia imaged by positron emission tomography (PET) is a potential target for optimization in radiotherapy. However, the implementation of this approach with respect to the conversion of intensities in the images into oxygenation and radiosensitivity maps is not straightforward. This study investigated the feasibility of applying two conversion approaches previously derived for 18F-labeled fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO)-PET images for the hypoxia tracer 18F-flortanidazole (18F-HX4).Material and methods: Ten non-small-cell lung cancer patients imaged with 18F-HX4 before the start of radiotherapy were considered in this study. PET image uptake was normalized to a well-oxygenated reference region and subsequently linear and non-linear conversions were used to determine tissue oxygenations maps. These were subsequently used to delineate hypoxic volumes based partial oxygen pressure (pO2) thresholds. The results were compared to hypoxic volumes segmented using a tissue-to-background ratio of 1.4 for 18F-HX4 uptake.Results: While the linear conversion function was not found to result in realistic oxygenation maps, the non-linear function resulted in reasonably sized sub-volumes in good agreement with uptake-based segmented volumes for a limited range of pO2 thresholds. However, the pO2 values corresponding to this range were significantly higher than what is normally considered as hypoxia. The similarity in size, shape, and relative location between uptake-based sub-volumes and volumes based on the conversion to pO2 suggests that the relationship between uptake and pO2 is similar for 18F-FMISO and 18F-HX4, but that the model parameters need to be adjusted for the latter.Conclusions: A non-linear conversion function between uptake and oxygen partial pressure for 18F-FMISO-PET could be applied to 18F-HX4 images to delineate hypoxic sub-volumes of similar size, shape, and relative location as based directly on the uptake. In order to apply the model for e.g., dose-painting, new parameters need to be derived for the accurate calculation of dose-modifying factors for this tracer.
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| 3. |
- Toma-Dasu, Iuliana, et al.
(författare)
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Dose prescription and treatment planning based on FMISO-PET hypoxia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 51:2, s. 222-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. The study presents the implementation of a novel method for incorporating hypoxia information from PET-CT imaging into treatment planning and estimates the efficiency of various optimization approaches. Its focuses on the feasibility of optimizing treatment plans based on the non-linear conversion of PET hypoxia images into radiosensitivity maps from the uptake properties of the tracers used.Material and methods. PET hypoxia images of seven head-and-neck cancer patients were used to determine optimal dose distributions needed to counteract the radiation resistance associated with tumor hypoxia assuming various scenarios regarding the evolution of the hypoxic compartment during the treatment. A research planning system for advanced studies has been used to optimize IMRT plans based on hypoxia information from patient PET images. These resulting plans were compared in terms of target coverage for the same fulfilled constraints regarding the organs at risk.Results. The results of a planning study indicated the clinical feasibility of the proposed method for treatment planning based on PET hypoxia. Antihypoxic strategies would lead to small improvements in all the patients, but higher effects are expected for the fraction of patients with hypoxic tumors. For these, individualization of the treatment based on hypoxia PET imaging could lead to improved treatment outcome while creating the premises for limiting the irradiation of the surrounding normal tissues.Conclusions. The proposed approach offers the possibility of improved treatment results as it takes into consideration the heterogeneity and the dynamics of the hypoxic regions. It also provides early identification of the clinical cases that might benefit from dose escalation as well as the cases that could benefit from other counter-hypoxic measures.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Toma-Dasu, Iuliana, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating tumor response of non-small cell lung cancer patients with 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: potential for treatment individualization
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3016 .- 1879-355X. ; 91:2, s. 376-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess early tumor responsiveness and the corresponding effective radiosensitivity for individual patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on 2 successive 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans.Methods and Materials: Twenty-six NSCLC patients treated in Maastricht were included in the study. Fifteen patients underwent sequential chemoradiation therapy, and 11 patients received concomitant chemoradiation therapy. All patients were imaged with FDG before the start and during the second week of radiation therapy. The sequential images were analyzed in relation to the dose delivered until the second image. An operational quantity, effective radiosensitivity, αeff, was determined at the voxel level. Correlations were sought between the average αeff or the fraction of negative αeff values and the overall survival at 2 years. Separate analyses were performed for the primary gross target volume (GTV), the lymph node GTV, and the clinical target volumes (CTVs).Results: Patients receiving sequential treatment could be divided into responders and nonresponders, using a threshold for the average αeff of 0.003 Gy-1 in the primary GTV, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 100% (P<.0001). Choosing the fraction of negative αeff as a criterion, the threshold 0.3 also had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 100% (P<.0001). Good prognostic potential was maintained for patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy. For lymph node GTV, the correlation had low statistical significance. A cross-validation analysis confirmed the potential of the method.Conclusions: Evaluation of the early response in NSCLC patients showed that it is feasible to determine a threshold value for effective radiosensitivity corresponding to good response. It also showed that a threshold value for the fraction of negative αeff could also be correlated with poor response. The proposed method, therefore, has potential to identify candidates for more aggressive strategies to increase the rate of local control and also avoid exposing to unnecessary aggressive therapies the majority of patients responding to standard treatment.
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| 6. |
- Toma-Dasu, Iuliana, et al.
(författare)
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Therapy optimization based on non-linear uptake of PET tracers versus “linear dose painting”
- 2009
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Ingår i: IFMBE Proceedings. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1680-0737 .- 1433-9277. ; 25/I, s. 221-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment optimization based on positron emission tomography (PET) images of tumor hypoxia has been proposed as a method to improve the cure rates in radiotherapy through the increased dose delivery to tumor regions with increased radioresistance. One of the major advantages of PET imaging of hypoxia is that it can provide information on both the extent and the spatial distribution of the resistant regions. One of the key issues for the practical implementation of this approach is the accurate conversion of the intensities in the recorded images into radiosensitivity maps that could then be used for dose escalation. The present paper explores the influence of the conversion from uptake to prescribed doses. Transformation functions derived from the uptake properties of the PET tracers were taken into consideration. The results have shown that the available tracers have different uptake properties and therefore they could interpret differently the gradients in the images which in turn would lead to different dose predictions. Best results in terms of dose prescription would therefore be achieved by carefully taking into account the uptake characteristics of the imaged tracers. Linear approximations could lead to unnecessary overestimations of the doses for cases of partial hypoxia in tumors. This highlights the need for more experimental studies of the uptake properties of PET tracers proposed to image tissue hypoxia. These would eventually provide more reliable methods for dose prescription that could be used with optimization algorithms for the successful individualization of radiation therapy.
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| 7. |
- Ureba, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Non-linear conversion of HX4 uptake for automatic segmentation of hypoxic volumes and dose prescription
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:4, s. 485-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Tumour hypoxia is associated with increased radioresistance and poor response to radiotherapy. Pre-treatment assessment of tumour oxygenation could therefore give the possibility to tailor the treatment by calculating the required boost dose needed to overcome the increased radioresistance in hypoxic tumours. This study concerned the derivation of a non-linear conversion function between the uptake of the hypoxia-PET tracer 18F-HX4 and oxygen partial pressure (pO2).Material and methods: Building on previous experience with FMISO including experimental data on tracer uptake and pO2, tracer-specific model parameters were derived for converting the normalised HX4-uptake at the optimal imaging time point to pO2. The conversion function was implemented in a Python-based computational platform utilising the scripting and the registration modules of the treatment planning system RayStation. Subsequently, the conversion function was applied to determine the pO2 in eight non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients imaged with HX4-PET before the start of radiotherapy. Automatic segmentation of hypoxic target volumes (HTVs) was then performed using thresholds around 10 mmHg. The HTVs were compared to sub-volumes segmented based on a tumour-to-blood ratio (TBR) of 1.4 using the aortic arch as the reference oxygenated region. The boost dose required to achieve 95% local control was then calculated based on the calibrated levels of hypoxia, assuming inter-fraction reoxygenation due to changes in acute hypoxia but no overall improvement of the oxygenation status.Results: Using the developed conversion tool, HTVs could be obtained using pO2 a threshold of 10 mmHg which were in agreement with the TBR segmentation. The dose levels required to the HTVs to achieve local control were feasible, being around 70–80 Gy in 24 fractions.Conclusions: Non-linear conversion of tracer uptake to pO2 in NSCLC imaged with HX4-PET allows a quantitative determination of the dose-boost needed to achieve a high probability of local control.
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