| 1. |
- Dahalan, Farrah Aini, et al.
(författare)
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A proposed aerobic granules size development scheme for aerobic granulation process.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2976 .- 0960-8524. ; 181, s. 291-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerobic granulation is increasingly used in wastewater treatment due to its unique physical properties and microbial functionalities. Granule size defines the physical properties of granules based on biomass accumulation. This study aims to determine the profile of size development under two physicochemical conditions. Two identical bioreactors namely Rnp and Rp were operated under non-phototrophic and phototrophic conditions, respectively. An illustrative scheme was developed to comprehend the mechanism of size development that delineates the granular size throughout the granulation. Observations on granules' size variation have shown that activated sludge revolutionised into the form of aerobic granules through the increase of biomass concentration in bioreactors which also determined the changes of granule size. Both reactors demonstrated that size transformed in a similar trend when tested with and without illumination. Thus, different types of aerobic granules may increase in size in the same way as recommended in the aerobic granule size development scheme.
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| 2. |
- Din, Mohd Fadhil Md, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Bio-PORec (R) system for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production and its storage in mixed cultures of palm oil mill effluent (POME)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2976 .- 0960-8524. ; 124, s. 208-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High PHA production and storage using palm oil mill effluent (POME) was investigated using a laboratory batch Bio-PORec (R) system under aerobic-feeding conditions. Results showed that maximum PHA was obtained at a specific rate (q(p)) of 0.343 C-mol/C-mol h when air was supplied at 20 ml/min. The PHA yield was found to be 0.80 C-mol/C-mol acetic acid (HAc) at microaerophilic condition and the mass balance calculation showed that PHA production increased up to 15.68 +/- 2.15 C-mmol/cycle. The experiments showed that short feeding rate, limited requirements for electron acceptors (e.g. O-2, NO3) and nutrients (N and P) showed lower tendency of glycogen accumulation and contributed more to PHA productivity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Papargyropoulou, Effie, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns and causes of food waste in the hospitality and food service sector : Food waste prevention insights from Malaysia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 11:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Food waste has formidable detrimental impacts on food security, the environment, and the economy, which makes it a global challenge that requires urgent attention. This study investigates the patterns and causes of food waste generation in the hospitality and food service sector, with the aim of identifying the most promising food waste prevention measures. It presents a comparative analysis of five case studies from the hospitality and food service (HaFS) sector in Malaysia and uses a mixed-methods approach. This paper provides new empirical evidence to highlight the significant opportunity and scope for food waste reduction in the HaFS sector. The findings suggest that the scale of the problem is even bigger than previously thought. Nearly a third of all food was wasted in the case studies presented, and almost half of it was avoidable. Preparation waste was the largest fraction, followed by buffet leftover and then customer plate waste. Food waste represented an economic loss equal to 23% of the value of the food purchased. Causes of food waste generation included the restaurants’ operating procedures and policies, and the social practices related to food consumption. Therefore, food waste prevention strategies should be twofold, tackling both the way the hospitality and food service sector outlets operate and organise themselves, and the customers’ social practices related to food consumption.
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| 4. |
- Salmiati, Y., et al.
(författare)
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COD fractionation of palm oil mill effluent: typical treatment, biodegradability and modelling
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sustainable Environment Research. - 2468-2039. ; 20:6, s. 353-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activated sludge model (ASM) is now widely used for wastewater treatment plant design, optimization and operation. Values for parameters to be used are vital for the accuracy of the modeling approach. This study aims to establish the scientific link between typical treatment and biodegradability of different chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation of palm oil mill effluent (POME), by means of respirometric analysis and model evaluation. Typical treatment processes are determined by the characteristics and process optimization carried out during POME treatment. POME treatment is operated under dynamic conditions, where the microbial response can include, besides bacterial growth, several COD removal mechanisms, and particularly the storage in the form of polymers. Biodegradability-related COD fractionation was characterized as the availability of readily biodegradable (Ss), slowly biodegradable, storage polymer, inert organic matter, and yield of heterotrophic organism. To verify the experimental results, modeling studies have been conducted using the ASM models, ASM1 and ASM3. The models require characterization of POME using COD-fractionation. The characteristics of fermented POME for anaerobic treatment using CODfractionation indicates the presence of up to 35% Ss and COD-fractions due to availability of free fatty acids in POME. However, the percentage of Ss is higher compared to the raw POME, which represents only 10% of the total COD. ASM3 proved to be a better framework to model all experimental results compared to ASM1.
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| 5. |
- Yuniarto, Adhi, et al.
(författare)
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Bio-fouling reducers for improving the performance of an aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor treating palm oil mill effluent
- 2013
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Ingår i: Desalination. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4464 .- 0011-9164. ; 316, s. 146-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A bench scale aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (ASMBR) was used to treat diluted palm oil mill effluent (POME). For further improving the effluent quality and reduction of bio-fouling, powdered activated carbon (PAC) and zeolite were used as bio-fouling reducers (BM). We compared the performances of ASMBR without BFR (called BFR0) with ASMBR using BFR, namely 2 g/L PAC (BFR1), 4 g/L PAC (BFR2) and 2 g/L zeolite (BFR3) for a period of about 70 days. Each system with BFR showed distinct performances by producing higher effluent quality as compared with BFR0. On average, the systems with and without BFR removed COD by 97.5-98.5% and 95.2%, respectively. The ASMBR with BFR also produced permeate with average residual color between 16 and 26 Pt-Co, as compared to 80 Pt-Co by BFR0. The addition of BFR increased the critical flux from 20 LMH (BFR0) to 36, 42 and 30 LMH (BFR1, BFR2, and BFR3). Furthermore, the ASMBR systems with BFR formed lower operational trans-membrane pressure (TMP), lowered the concentration of soluble microbial products (SMP) and increased the concentration of EPS. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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