| 1. |
- Andersson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Easier to trust managers than management? : The case of improvement work in healthcare
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously, improvement work in healthcare has mainly been medically related and driven by medical research, but NPM implies that management-initiated improvement work targeting organizing, productivity, efficiency, work flow etc. has become more and more common. Management-initiated improvement work has a high failure rate, and in general it seems difficult to motivate co-workers to actively participate. In all processes of organizational change, trust in the initiator of a change project is an important prerequisite to enable change take place. In this article, our purpose is to investigate how trust in management influences management-initiated improvement work. In a qualitative study we investigate improvement work at three Swedish hospitals. Our theoretical framework is based on a view of management as being both the people who manage and the system of management. This distinction is important since we can trust people and we can have confidence in a system, but these processes are different. Consequently, it is possible to trust individual managers, but as long as we do not trust management as a system, management-initiated improvement work will face considerable problems. To analyze trust we use a model that identifies three important antecedents for one person (the trustor) to consider another person (the trustee) as trustworthy: ability, benevolence and integrity. Using social system theory, we extend this model to on the one hand describe trust in specific persons (specific managers), and on the other hand describe confidence in a system (management in general, which the system-specific managers are parts of). The results indicate that there in general is a lack of trust between healthcare personnel and healthcare management. We were able to find certain managers who were found trustworthy by the personnel, but despite these trust-relations the personnel did still not have confidence in management as a system. To the contrary, these managers were perceived as exceptions, and did not change the perception of management in general. The consequences for management-initiated improvement work were that most personnel at best were ignorant to it, and at worst resisted it openly. However, there were examples when trusted enthusiastic managers succeeded in initiating improvement work, but then the continuation and success was directly connected to this person, and if s/he left, the improvement work stopped. Furthermore, some work groups seemed to very clearly separate “real” improvement work, which they initiated themselves, from “phony” improvement work initiated by management, which only stole time from more important tasks.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Organisering av förbättringsarbete inom vården med inspiration från industrin
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- I denna artikel fokuserar vi på användandet av industriellt baserade produktionssynsätt (IBP) inom vården i avsikt att arbeta systematiskt med förbättringsarbete. Tidigare forskning har visat att det är svårt att få nya arbetsmetoder att få genomslag i den dagliga praktiken. I denna artikel fokuserar vi på om det går att se indirekta effekter såsom hur förbättringsarbetet organiseras beroende på vilka IBP olika sjukhus väljer att arbeta med. Undersökning är genomförd genom fallstudier på tre sjukhus som har valt att arbeta med tre olika metoder: six sigma, processorientering och mikrosystem.Studien visar att de olika logikerna bakom de olika metoderna ger fundamentalt olika sätt att organisera förbättringsarbetet vid de tre sjukhusen. Six sigma-sjukhuset valde ett centraliserat förbättringsarbete i hög grad drivet av experter på förbättringsmetoder, processsjukhusethade en expertavdelning som var mer av bollplank och utbildare för verksamhetens förbättringsarbete och mikrosystem-sjukhuset valde ett decentraliserat förbättringsarbete där förbättringsarbetet var både lokalt initierat och drivet.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Nomie, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Fiery Spirits in the context of institutional entrepreneurship in Swedish healthcare
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Organization & Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1477-7266 .- 1758-7247. ; 29:4, s. 515-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – Clinical governance and leadership concepts can lead to more or less successfulimplementations of new clinical practice. The purpose of this paper is to examine how Fiery Spirits, asinstitutional entrepreneurs can, working in a team, implement sustained change in hospital clinicalpractice.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes two case studies, conducted at two Swedishhospitals over a period of two years, in which changes in clinical practice were implemented. In bothcases, key-actors, termed Fiery Spirits, played critical roles in these changes. The authors use aqualitative approach and take an intra-organizational perspective with semi-structured in-depthinterviews and document analysis.Findings – The new clinical practices were successfully implemented with a considerable influenceof the Fiery Spirits who played a pivotal role in the change efforts. The Fiery Spirits persuasively,based on their structural and normative legitimacy and the adoption of learning processes, advocated,and supported change.Practical implications – Fiery Spirits, given flexibility and opportunity, can be powerful forcesfor change outside the trajectory of management-inspired and management-directed change.Team members, when inspired and encouraged by Fiery Spirits, are less resistant to change and morewilling to test new clinical practices.Originality/value – The paper complements literature on how the Fiery Spirit concept aligns withconcepts of clinical governance and leadership and how change can be achieved. Additionally, thefindings show the effects of legitimacy and learning processes on change in clinical practice.
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| 4. |
- Evansluong, Quang, et al.
(författare)
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The family influences of EO development in immigrant family businesses
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainable entrepreneurship. - Toledo.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores how family influences the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) process in immigrant family business. To fulfill the purpose, we employ inductive multiple case studies with in-depth interviews. We rely on seven cases of immigrant entrepreneurs of Chinese, Icelandic, Turkish, Cameroonian, Mexican and Lebanese who established firms in Sweden. Our results suggest that EO development trajectories vary in regard to first and second immigrant entrepreneurs, low and high-tech sectors and host and home countries. Thus, family dynamics facilitates the development of entrepreneurial orientation over time through transforming, translating and transferring across generations and contexts. Our study indicates that, through family dynamics, EO is developed as a (1) transferring process of the founders’ proactiveness between the family in the home and host country;(2) translating process of risk-taking between the family companies in the home country to immigrant family company in the host country and (3) transforming process of innovativeness between the home and the host country.
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| 5. |
- Jäger, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Logistics actors - Key issues for a service developer
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing FAIM 2008. - Skövde, Sweden : University of Skövde. - 9789163327575 ; , s. 1329-1336
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Köks, Tönu, et al.
(författare)
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The role of advanced planning systems and simulation in supply/demand chain management
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Conference on Industrial Logistics 2003, Proceedings. - : International Centre for Innovation and Industrial Logistics - ICIIL. ; , s. 313-317
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) has become a commonly used tool for the modelling and analysis of logistics. A more novel approach to manufacturing problems is Advanced Planning Systems (APS). These are used in an optimization process for the planning of production, inventory, and transportations often integrated with ERP-systems. Supply/Demand Chains can be approached from a strategic, tactical, or operational level. Simulation tools and APS-systems are different approaches to a similar problem. The simulation approach involves connecting an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system with a simulation system. The simulation system contains a model of the production, and 'real-time'-data is used to produce a realistic production plan, e. g. to minimize waste of resources, or setting more accurate delivery dates. APS-systems are using simultaneous data when considering resource allocation. APS-systems normally use a separate module for calculation and optimization. The optimization activity produces an improved plan where trade-offs are examined. In this paper a conceptual model is proposed and an overview is given on the two software tools, and their advantages and disadvantages. Their usefulness is discussed in the context of physical material flow in Supply Chain (SC). Finally some results and experiences from industrial simulation studies are presented.
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| 7. |
- Moore, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Intelligent semi-autonomous vehicles in materials handling
- 1999
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Ingår i: Mechatronics (Oxford). - : Elsevier. - 0957-4158 .- 1873-4006. ; 9:7, s. 881-892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increase in functionality of semi-autonomous vehicles (SAV) through the implementation of intelligent distributed control and smart sensing techniques is presented. In combination with a modular design approach, this facilitates system modification and improvement, combined with faster customisation of the platform. A distributed and reactive behavioural control architecture is used to realise local autonomous navigation capabilities; improved operator interaction; self protection and safer operation. A virtual engineering environment based on a computer-aided-graphics platform is used (1) for modelling the vehicle and the environment in which it can operate; (2) developing pre-emptive learning and training of responses/behaviours, and (3) for evaluation of vehicle functionality as part of an integrated materials handling system.
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| 8. |
- Moore, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Intelligent semi-autonomous vehicles in materials handling
- 1998
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Ingår i: Mechatronics '98. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0080433391 ; , s. 311-316
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increase in functionality of Semi-Autonomous Vehicles (SAV) through the implementation of intelligent distributed control and smart sensing techniques is presented. In combination with a modular design approach, this facilitates system modification and improvement, combined with faster customisation of the platform. A distributed and reactive behavioural control architecture will be used to realise local autonomous navigation capabilities; improved operator interaction; self protection and safer operation. A virtual engineering environment based on a suitable computer-aided-graphics platform will be used for modelling the vehicle; the environment in which it can operate; and pre-emptive learning and training of responses / behaviours.
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| 9. |
- Saranen, Juha, et al.
(författare)
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Stochastic Elements in Transportation System Simulation - Unnecessary?
- 2009
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Ingår i: IFAC Proceedings Volumes. - : Elsevier. - 1474-6670. ; 42:4, s. 1655-1660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discrete event system simulation is often seen as a genuine tool to investigate the performance of transportation systems. The complexity of real-world systems often prevents us from accurately describing these by a mathematical model that can be evaluated analytically, thus, simulation is often the only realistic alternative. Another advantage of the simulation is the ability to include statistical analysis for different simulation scenarios.Well-known approaches of incorporating uncertainty into models include trace driven simulations and sampling directly from gathered data. Another aspect to be taken into account is the economics of simulation modelling; a more detailed model requires additional building time, and proper treatment of stochastic models requires statistical analysis, which again usually implies several simulation runs. From this outset the following question arises: Should stochastic behaviour be included in transportation simulation models in the first place?We present real case examples including evaluation of the internal logistics of a beverage manufacturer, capacity analysis of an automatic guided vehicle system, cost benefit analysis (CBA) of a railway network investment and evaluation of different multipurpose railway wagons, where stochastic behaviour is dealt with in different ways. Based on the cases we make an initial attempt to formulate framework for deciding how to include stochastic behaviour in the simulation model. For further research topics we suggest formulating explicit guidelines to deal with stochastics to increase the efficiency of model building.
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| 10. |
- Ujvari, Sandor, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation and emulation of sensor systems for intelligent vehicles
- 1998
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Ingår i: Mechatronics '98. - : Pergamon Press. - 0080433391 ; , s. 385-390
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation of sensor systems for mobile robots are described in this paper. By simulation of smart sensor systems, the performance of semi-autonomous vehicles / mobile robots can be enhanced. Smart sensor systems used in the field of mobile robotics can utilise adaptive algorithms. e. g. artificial neural nets, fuzzy logic or hybrid variants of these systems. The development, training and evaluation of adaptive algorithms for sensor systems can be done within a virtual environment in which graphical models are built to simulate an intelligent vehicle, its sensors, and its environment. The virtual sensors are validated by comparing the characteristics of the virtual sensors with those of the real devices.
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