| 1. |
- Jägetoft, Zebulohn, et al.
(författare)
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Anthropometric measures do not explain the 2D : 4D ratio sexual dimorphism in 7-year-old children
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1042-0533 .- 1520-6300. ; 34:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Digit ratio (2D:4D) might reflect prenatal testosterone exposure and has been used as a putative marker for androgen related outcomes. However, such associations might be inflicted by confounders. Application of 2D:4D in epidemiological research motivate identification of biological background determinants. We examined sex, anthropometric measures, and maternal factors as determinants of 2D:4D in Swedish 7-year-old children.METHODS: The study was embedded in the Swedish Environmental, Longitudinal, Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) pregnancy cohort. A total of 870 pre-pubertal children, median 7.5 years of age, were studied. A single assessor performed digit measurements from scanned photocopies using computer software. Child anthropometric measurements investigated were hand size, birthweight, recumbent birth length, standing height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and waist/hip circumference. Maternal factors included age, pregnancy length, parity, and education.RESULTS: We found a significant sexual dimorphism regarding digit lengths and 2D:4D, boys on average presenting a lower 2D:4D than girls also after adjustment for summed finger lengths and body fatness. In crude analyses, maternal age correlated with 2D:4D across the whole population and in females but not in adjusted models. No other study variables were associated with 2D:4D.CONCLUSION: Digit ratio showed sexual dimorphism at the age of seven and seems to represent a true sex difference rather than an artifact and bias from hand size, body size or body fat content. Among the rest of our investigated variables, we found no determinants constituting important confounders in future research on 2D:4D ratio.
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| 2. |
- Marinopoulou, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Asperger Syndrome and Schizophrenia : A Comparative Neuropsychological Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - New York : Springer. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 46:7, s. 2292-2304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been an increasing interest in possible connections between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia in the last decade. Neuropsychological comparison studies have, however, been few. The present study examined similarities and differences in intellectual and executive functioning between adults with Asperger syndrome (AS) and adults with schizophrenic psychosis (SP). A group with AS and a group with SP were assessed neuropsychologically with WAIS-III and D-KEFS. Similarities were found between groups, as displayed by an uneven cognitive profile, limitations in working memory, processing speed and some aspects of executive functioning. Full Scale IQ was higher in the AS group. These results add to the current research illuminating similarities and differences between ASD and schizophrenia on a cognitive level.
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| 3. |
- Marinopoulou, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Intellectual Functioning and Autistic Traits in the General Population of Children
- 2023
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry & Human Development. - : Springer. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autistic traits are continuously distributed in the general population. The associations between autistic traits and intellectual functioning and/or behavioural difficulties, and the impact of intellectual functioning on behavioural difficulties are unclear. The study aims to describe the distribution of autistic traits in a population-based cross-sectional sample of children. Further aims are to examine the association between intellectual functioning and autistic traits, and between autistic traits and behavioural difficulties. Wechsler scales and ratings of autistic traits and behavioural problems in 874 children aged 7-9 years in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study were assessed. We found a continuous distribution of autistic traits. Intellectual functioning was negatively associated with autistic traits but not with behavioural difficulties. Behavioural difficulties were associated with autistic traits.
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| 4. |
- Marinopoulou, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Do Wechsler intelligence scales predict academic achievement in children with ADHD or autism? : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Applied neuropsychology. Child. - : Routledge. - 2162-2965.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligence tests predict academic achievement in typically developed children, however if this is the case also in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not clear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined if Wechsler intelligence scales predict academic achievement and/or grades in children, ages 6-16 years, with ADHD and/or ASD. We searched the databases PubMed, PsycINFO and Education Research Complete for studies published between 2000 and 2023. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were performed. Twelve studies (ADHD n = 1,834, ASD n = 176) were included in the review, and six samples (ADHD n = 1,112) of those were included in the meta-analyses. The results of the meta-analyses showed moderate overall weighted correlations between IQ and word reading, written language, and mathematics respectively. Similarly, the overall weighted correlations between processing speed and the aforementioned domains of academic achievement were moderate. Meta-analysis with additional Wechsler scales composite scores could not be conducted. In the narrative synthesis, Full Scale IQ was associated with academic achievement in both ADHD and ASD, and grades in ADHD. The limited number of ASD participants and the heterogeneity of the samples need to be considered when interpreting results. Generally, the results indicate that Wechsler scales are valuable in predicting academic achievement in children with ADHD or ASD. Motivation and other factors related with academic achievement need to be further explored in these groups.
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| 5. |
- Marinopoulou, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Do Wechsler intelligence scales predict academic achievement in children with ADHD or autism? A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Applied neuropsychology. Child. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2162-2965.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligence tests predict academic achievement in typically developed children, however if this is the case also in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not clear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined if Wechsler intelligence scales predict academic achievement and/or grades in children, ages 6-16 years, with ADHD and/or ASD. We searched the databases PubMed, PsycINFO and Education Research Complete for studies published between 2000 and 2023. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were performed. Twelve studies (ADHD n = 1,834, ASD n = 176) were included in the review, and six samples (ADHD n = 1,112) of those were included in the meta-analyses. The results of the meta-analyses showed moderate overall weighted correlations between IQ and word reading, written language, and mathematics respectively. Similarly, the overall weighted correlations between processing speed and the aforementioned domains of academic achievement were moderate. Meta-analysis with additional Wechsler scales composite scores could not be conducted. In the narrative synthesis, Full Scale IQ was associated with academic achievement in both ADHD and ASD, and grades in ADHD. The limited number of ASD participants and the heterogeneity of the samples need to be considered when interpreting results. Generally, the results indicate that Wechsler scales are valuable in predicting academic achievement in children with ADHD or ASD. Motivation and other factors related with academic achievement need to be further explored in these groups.
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| 6. |
- Marinopoulou, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Is WISC-IV Working Memory Index associated with ADHD symptoms in 7-8-year-olds?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied neuropsychology. Child. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2162-2965 .- 2162-2973.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Working Memory Index (WMI) in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) has been suggested to be associated with ADHD symptoms. The relationship between WMI and ADHD symptoms in the general population is not clear. The study aimed to examine the association between working memory (WM) and behavioral regulation (BR), and hyperactivity/inattention (HI) in a general population sample of 7-8-year-olds, and whether general intellectual functioning is associated with BR and HI. The study also examined if those with low WMI also fulfill elevated ADHD criteria. The study group (N = 865) was assessed with the WISC (Fourth edition), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Five to Fifteen Questionnaire, and divided into three groups based on WM function, and in relation to BR and/or HI problems. The associations between WM and BR, and WM and HI, including intellectual functioning as covariate, were examined. WM deficits were found in 22%, but the majority of those had no BR or HI problems. Four percent in the study group had WM deficits combined with BR and/or HI problems, and in about one third of those inattentive ADHD criteria were fulfilled. WM and prosocial behavior were associated with BR and HI. WM deficits measured with WISC WMI in 7-8-year-olds do not always signal BR and/or HI problems.
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| 7. |
- Beckman, Linda, Docent, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Hur föräldrar med psykisk ohälsa upplever sitt behov av stöd i föräldraskapet
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns ett starkt samband mellan psykisk ohälsa hos föräldern och psykisk ohälsa hos barnet. Barnen tycks även ha en förhöjd risk att utveckla psykisk och fysisk ohälsa som unga vuxna. Eftersom en stor del av patienter med psykisk ohälsa finns i öppenvårdspsykiatrin eller primärvård är andelen barn som lever med föräldrar med psykisk ohälsa förmodligen mycket större än vad vi tror. Föräldrar med psykisk ohälsa kan behöva stöd i sitt föräldraskap för att bli den bästa föräldren de kan. Syftet med projektet är att identifiera behov av stöd i föräldraskapet som föräldrar eller blivande föräldrar med psykisk ohälsa upplever. Vi genomförde tio intervjuer med föräldrar med psykisk ohälsa och skickade ut en enkät. Slutsatserna från resultatet var att det finns ett behov av stöd i föräldraskapet bland föräldrar med psykisk ohälsa. Vi fann att Familjecentralen lyfts fram som ett gott exempel och här skulle ett samarbete med psykiatrin främja relationen barn - förälder, samt att patient-anhörigförening spelar en viktig roll för föräldrar med psykisk ohälsa. Att synliggöra dessa ännu mer kan bidra till situationen på ett positivt sätt. Slutligen, det behövs inte några komplexa insatser, för många handlar det om att få träffa likasinnade i grupp, eller en samtalskontakt i svåra situationer.
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| 8. |
- Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and children's language development at 30 months
- 2018
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 51, s. 98-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine prenatal APAP exposure in relation to language development in offspring at 30 months of age.METHOD: A population-based pregnancy cohort study including 754 women who enrolled in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study in pregnancy week 8-13. Two exposure measures were used: (1) maternally reported number of APAP tablets taken between conception and enrollment; (2) APAP urinary concentration at enrollment. Language development at 30 months was assessed by nurse's evaluation and parental questionnaire, including the number of words the child used (<25, 25-50 and >50). Main study outcome; parental report of use of fewer than 50 words, termed language delay (LD).RESULTS: 59.2% of women enrolled in weeks 8-13 reported taking APAP between conception and enrollment. APAP was measurable in all urine samples and urinary APAP was correlated with the number of APAP taken during pregnancy (P<0.01). Language delay was more prevalent in boys (12.6%) than girls (4.1%) (8.5% in total). Both the number of APAP tablets and urinary APAP concentration were associated with greater LD in girls but not in boys. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for LD among girls whose mothers reported >6 vs. 0 APAP tablets was 5.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-31.94). The OR for LD in girls whose mothers' urinary APAP was in the highest compared to the lowest quartile was 10.34 (95% CI 1.37-77.86). While it cannot be ruled out, our available data do not support confounding by indication.CONCLUSIONS: Given the prevalence of prenatal APAP use and the importance of language development, these findings, if replicated, would suggest that pregnant women should limit their use of this analgesic during pregnancy.
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| 9. |
- Furster, Catrin, et al.
(författare)
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The use of melatonin in Swedish children and adolescents-a register-based study according to age, gender, and medication of ADHD
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - Berlin, Germany : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 71:7, s. 877-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of melatonin is increasing among Swedish children and adolescents despite deficient knowledge of usage in these groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of melatonin in Swedish children and adolescents according to age, gender, dosage, treatment duration, and use of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication. Data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register was analyzed for children and adolescents 0-19 years old in Sweden during 2006-2013. The number of new users of melatonin in 2013 was 4296 and 3093 among boys and girls, respectively. Girls started treatment with melatonin in older ages compared to boys. Regular users of melatonin were most common among boys 10-14 years. The average defined daily dose (DDD) per regular user was decreasing from 2.4 DDD in 2006 to 1.7 DDD in 2012. Among girls and boys 5-9 years who were regular users in 2010, over 40 and 50 %, respectively, were still regular users in 2013. In the age group 15-19 years, only about 10 % were still regular users in 2013. In 2013, 65 % of boys and 49 % of girls, using melatonin regularly, also used medication for ADHD regularly. More Swedish boys than girls used melatonin regularly. The boys started treatment earlier and more often combined regular use of melatonin with regular use of medication for ADHD. This indicates that girls and boys partly are prescribed melatonin for different reasons. About half of the younger children stayed on melatonin treatment for several years, while 90 % of adolescents (15-19 years) concluded their treatment.
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| 10. |
- Korhonen, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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5 insatser som kan bryta ohälsotrenden hos unga : [Health promoting actions in schools can support young people's mental and physical health]
- 2022
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I medier rapporteras ofta om en ökande psykisk ohälsa bland barn och unga och att allt fler söker till barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin.Folkhälsomyndighetens återkommande enkäter »Skolbarns hälsovanor« visar att livsstilsfaktorer och skolstress har bidragit till denna negativa utveckling.Andelen 13- och 15-åringar med minst två psykiska och/eller somatiska besvär mer än en gång i veckan är omkring dubbelt så stor i dag jämfört med 1980-talets mitt.Livsstils- och omgivningsfaktorer som kan bromsa eller vända denna utveckling är bland annat fysisk aktivitet, minskad tid på digitala medier och »livskunskap« på skolschemat.Skolan med elevhälsan har en central roll i hälsofrämjandet, bland annat genom att identifiera och tidigt ge stöd till elever med olika former av kognitiva eller socialt belastande problem.
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