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- Bousquet, J, et al.
(författare)
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Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical and translational allergy. - : Wiley. - 2045-7022. ; 10:1, s. 58-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPARγ:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2α:Elongation initiation factor 2α). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT1R axis (AT1R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity.
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- Hrnciarova, T., et al.
(författare)
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Does initial high efficacy therapy in multiple sclerosis surpass escalation treatment strategy? A comparison of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the Czech and Swedish national multiple sclerosis registries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. - 2211-0348 .- 2211-0356. ; 76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) the most common treatment strategy has been to start with low-moderate efficacy disease modifying therapy (LE-DMT) and to escalate to more efficacious treatments in cases of breakthrough disease activity. However, recent evidence suggests a better outcome in patients commencing with moderate-high efficacy DMT (HE-DMT) immediately after clinical onset.Objective: The aim of this study is to compare disease activity and disability outcomes in patients treated with the two alternative strategies using the Swedish and Czech national multiple sclerosis registries, taking advantage of the fact that the relative frequency of each strategy differs markedly between these two countries. Methods: Adult RRMS patients who initiated their first-ever DMT between 2013 and 2016 and were included in the Swedish MS register were compared with a similar cohort from the MS register of the Czech Republic using propensity score overlap weighting as a balancing method. The main outcomes of interest were time to confirmed disability worsening (CDW), time to achieve an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) value of 4, time to relapse, and time to confirmed disability improvement (CDI). To support the results, a sensitivity analysis focusing solely on patients from Sweden starting with HE-DMT and patients from the Czech Republic starting with LE-DMT was performed.Results: In the Swedish cohort, 42% of patients received HE-DMT as initial therapy compared to 3.8% of patients in the Czech cohort. The time to CDW was not significantly different between the Swedish and Czech cohorts (p-value 0.2764), with hazard ratio (HR) of 0.89 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.77-1.03. Patients from the Swedish cohort exhibited better outcomes for all remaining variables. The risk of reaching EDSS 4 was reduced by 26% (HR 0.74, 95%CI 0.6-0.91, p-value 0.0327), the risk of relapse was reduced by 66% (HR 0.34, 95%CI 0.3-0.39, p-value <0.001), and the probability of CDI was three times higher (HR 3.04, 95%CI 2.37-3.9, p-value <0.001).Conclusion: The analysis of the Czech and the Swedish RRMS cohorts confirmed a better prognosis for patients in Sweden, where a significant proportion of patients received HE-DMT as initial treatment.
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- Bell, S., et al.
(författare)
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METefnet : Developments in metrology for moisture in materials
- 2015
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Ingår i: 17th International Congress of Metrology, CIM 2015. - Les Ulis, France : EDP Sciences.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bien que les mesures de teneur en eau soient largement utilisées dans l'industrie, les considérations métrologiques quant à cette mesure ne sont pas complètement abouties de sorte à fournir des mesures fiables et traçables au SI. Afin de remédier à ceci, le projet de recherche conjoint, Joint Research Project SIB64 “METefnet – Metrology for moisture in materials”, est actuellement en cours, et contribue au programme européen de recherche en métrologie European Metrology Research Programme. Le projet METefnet a pour objectifs de développer et d'améliorer l'approche métrologique de ce sujet. Ceci inclus notamment: le travail sur de nouvelles méthodes de référence pour évaluer la fraction massique en eau, l'amélioration des mesures mettant en œuvre la méthode primaire de type titration Karl Fischer, le développement de nouveaux matériaux de référence certifiés présentant une très bonne stabilité et permettant une traçabilité au SI, le développement de nouveaux étalons de transfert, la réalisation d'études visant à quantifier et réduire les effets liés à la prise d'échantillon, son transport et sa manipulation, le développement d'une nouvelle méthode pour étalonner les instruments mesurant l'humidité de surface, et l'amélioration des méthodes d'estimation d'incertitudes de ces mesures. Ce travail, réalisé dans le domaine de la métrologie de l'humidité au sein des matériaux, couvre à la fois le mesurande décrit comme étant spécifiquement la teneur en eau, seule, dans les matériaux, mais également un mesurande plus large pouvant inclure l'eau ainsi que d'autres liquides ou composés organiques volatiles; ceci afin de bien mettre en exergue la différence qui peut être observée entre ces deux mesurandes. Le projet global a pour objectif de soutenir une action de dissémination et de traçabilité au système SI des mesures de teneur en eau dans les matériaux avec une exactitude optimale et de développer une infrastructure métrologique cohérente pour ce type de mesures. Le travail technique ainsi que les dernières avancées vous sont ainsi présentées.
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