| 1. |
- Lohk, Ahti, et al.
(författare)
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Extended clusters of vertical polysemy : An explorative study of eleven wordnets
- 2021
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Ingår i: Eesti rakenduslingvistika uhingu aastaraamat. - : Estonian Association for Applied Linguistics. - 1736-2563 .- 2228-0677. ; 17, s. 193-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to identify and examine maximum-size polysemy clusters in semantic hierarchies of eleven wordnets that are included in Open Multilingual Wordnet. The clusters are extracted from both the super-subordinate hierarchies of the noun(IS-A) and the hierarchies of the verb (MANNER-OF). We focus on the substructures of semantic hierarchies that display vertical polysemy relationships (i.e. clusters containing words with the same spelling in their vertices). Besides the maximum-size polysemy clusters, the number of vertical polysemy relationships and the PoS distribution in these relations are examined. The findings of this study suggest that large polysemy clusters may indicate potential problems like inaccurate identification of a word’s meaning in an NLP task. The algorithm detecting maximal clusters of polysemy has the potential to be applied to other wordnets than those focused on in this study. The analysis in this article is the first step in large-size polysemy clusters studies. We expect that polysemy clusters will help to evaluate the state of the wordnets’ semantic hierarchies and to assess the suitability of these structures as background knowledge for solving NLP tasks.
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| 2. |
- Paulsen, Geda, et al.
(författare)
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Adjective similarity calculator
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By entering the base form of a word or a participle verb form, the calculator shows how adjectival its behavior is in the Estonian National Corpus 2021.
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| 3. |
- Paulsen, Geda, et al.
(författare)
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Catching lexemes : The case of Estonian noun-based ambiforms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Electronic lexicography in the 21st century. - Brno, Czech Republic. ; , s. 288-311
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to test a statistic relying on corpus data, the distributional index (D-index): a statistical benchmark that helps lexicographers judge if a morphological form has been conventionalised to the degree of becoming an independent lexeme. Our focus is on thedecategorisation type that originates from a case form of a noun and is directed to an adverb,adposition or adjective. The words or inflected forms corresponding to more than one word class interpretation are in this study termed ambiforms. The analysis compares the D-index levels of ambiforms categorised as nouns and another PoS. The results suggest that for the outcome to be most authentic, the noun-based ambiforms should be analysed without the decategorisation influence, i.e. the D-index analysis should be applied in the pre-PoS-disambiguation stage.
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| 4. |
- Paulsen, Geda, et al.
(författare)
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From experiments to an application : The first prototype of an adjective detector for Estonian
- 2023
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Ingår i: Electronic lexicography in the 21st century (eLex 2023). - Brno : Lexical Computing. ; , s. 466-490
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we discuss the process of developing a multi-parameter application – the adjective similarity calculator (ASC) – that determines the relative adjectivity of a word or a word form.The tool relates the statistical summary of a word (form)’s corpus behaviour to the most typical and central aspects of the Estonian adjective: the adjectival corpus profile. To establish this profile, we use close-context patterns characterising adjectives and detectable in the corpus (see the experiments in Tuulik et al. 2022, Paulsen et al. 2022, and Vainik et al., 2023). The first prototype of the ASC will be evaluated based on clear cases of adjectives and PoS representatives overlapping with adjectival properties, but also based on words representing more distant classes. The main purpose of the application is to improve lexicographic work in categorisation procedures of the partly overlapping lexical categories to the adjective, particularly in such ambiguous cases as adjectivised participles, nouns and adverbs.
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| 5. |
- Paulsen, Geda, et al.
(författare)
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From verbal to adjectival : Evaluating the lexicalization of participles in an Estonian corpus
- 2022
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Ingår i: Slovenščina 2.0. - : University of Ljubljana Press. - 2335-2736. ; 10:1, s. 65-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses categorization issues related to adjective candidates in Estonian, focusing on the category of participles. The aim of the analysis was to assess the ranges of the prototypical adjective and to determine its degree of deviation on the prototypicality scale. The investigation was based on a group of validated adjectives – selected adjectives included in the Basic Estonian Dictionary – and two control groups of more and less lexicalized participles. We tested seven morphosyntactic corpus patterns characteristic of adjectives. The test patterns were based on the prototypical features of the adjective, as well as on observations made in the actual lexicographic analysis. To assess the sample words and determine the significance of the test patterns from the point of view of defining adjectivity, we used deviation analysis. The results of this study can be applied to establish a measure of adjectivity for lexicographic judgments when distinguishing, for instance, lexicalized participles from regular ones.
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| 6. |
- Paulsen, Geda, et al.
(författare)
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Sõnaliik leksikograafi töölaual : sõnaliikide roll tänapäeva leksikograafias
- 2020
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Ingår i: Eesti rakenduslingvistika uhingu aastaraamat. - : Estonian Association for Applied Linguistics. - 1736-2563 .- 2228-0677. ; 16, s. 177-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sõnaliik on traditsiooniliselt keele kirjelduse osa, mis hõlmab sõna morfoloogilist ja süntaktilist käitumist, aga ka tähendust ning pragmaatilist funktsiooni. Vaatamata sellele, et sõnaliigid on tinglike piiridega ning keeleteaduslikult kaugel ühtsest või selgest nähtusest, on see kategooriana leksikograafias vajalik kui kompaktne viis andmaks ülevaadet sõna käitumisest kasutuses. Ka e-leksikograafias vältimatud automaatsed protseduurid nagu morfoloogiline ja süntaktiline märgendamine ning tähenduste ühestamine eeldavad kas konkreetselt või vaikimisi leksikaalsete üksuste eristamist. Käesolevas artiklis anname sissevaate sõnaliikide rolli leksikograafi töös. Vahendame tulemusi aastal 2019 tehtud uuringust, mille eesmärk oli välja selgitada eesti keelt kirjeldavate leksikograafide probleeme ning vajadusi seoses sõnaliikidega, aga ka ootusi keeletehnoloogilistele lahendustele sõnaliigi määramise hõlbustamiseks.
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| 7. |
- Tuulik, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Kuidas ära tunda adjektiivi? : Korpuskäitumise mustrite analüüs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Eesti rakenduslingvistika uhingu aastaraamat. - : Estonian Association for Applied Linguistics. - 1736-2563 .- 2228-0677. ; 18, s. 279-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artiklis uurime adjektiivi morfosüntaktilisi tunnuseid jaselgitame, kuivõrd on prototüüpsele adjektiivile omistatavad tunnused(nt ühildumine, võrrete moodustamine) adjektiiviklassile eriomased.Loome neile tunnustele tuginedes parameetrid, mille abil eristamekorpuse andmete põhjal adjektiive teistest sõnaliikidest. Tüüpiliseadjektiivi korpusprofiili tuvastamise kaugem eesmärk on rakenduseloomine, mis võimaldaks leksikograafidel ebaselgete juhtumite puhulkontrollida sõna adjektiviseerumise astet. Tutvustame kuue parameetritestimise tulemust 12 sõnarühma peal, millest igaühte kuulub 10 sõna.Sõnavalikul arvestame adjektiiviklassi piiripealseid juhtumeid ja leksikograafilisi kitsaskohti. Analüüsime, mil määral hälbivad erinevadtestrühmad testitud parameetrite põhjal prototüüpsest adjektiiviklassi esindajast ning vaatleme ka variatsiooni adjektiiviklassi sees.Kõrvale kaldeanalüüs võimaldab välja selgitada parima eristusvõimegaparameetrid. Eukleidilise kauguse mõõtmine eristab hästi adjektiivisarnased sõnad ja rühmad nendest, mis sarnanevad prototüüpseleadjektiivile vähem.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Vainik, Ene, et al.
(författare)
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Keeleminutid : Keelekasutuses avaldub kujundlik mõtlemine
- 2023
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Maailm rappub kriisides: kliimakriis, koroonapandeemia, sõda jne. Kriisi iseloomustab olukorra segasus ja mitmetitõlgendatavus, põhiväärtuste ohustatus ning tunne, et tegutsemisega on kiire, kuna väljapääsu leidmise "ajaaken" võib sulguda, selgitasid "Keeleminutites" EKI juhtivteadur Ene Vainik ning Uppsala ülikooli eesti keele lektor ja EKI vanemteadur Geda Paulsen.
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| 10. |
- Vainik, Ene, et al.
(författare)
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Kujundlik mõtlemine 2020.–2022. aasta keelekriisis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Keel ja Kirjandus. - : SA Kultuurileht. - 2346-6014 .- 0131-1441. ; 66:7, s. 651-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper analyses the patterns of figurative language and thought addressing the abstract domain of “language”, which emerged in the discourse about the language norms and standardisation in Estonian public media in 2020–2022. The situation was perceived as critical by the language practitioners (editors, proof-readers, translators, teachers, etc) because of confusion and ambiguity in respect of when and in what form would the new edition of ÕS (the traditional prescriptive dictionary of Standard Estonian), appear. The ambiguous feelings were accompanied by the sense of threat to fundamental values, and the sense of urgency to act – all the substantial features of a crisis were met. The corpus of texts contained 62 texts by practitioners, journalists, professional linguists (institutional scientists), and state officials. The corpus of texts was analyzed qualitatively from the viewpoint of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Figurative Framing, Systemic Functional Linguistics, and Critical Discourse Analysis. The critical situation stimulated figurative thinking by all the “voices” in discussion: language practitioners framed the Estonian language as a ‘needy’ – an image, which was amplified into an image of ‘protegee’ and further so into ‘victim’. Linguists tended to think and speak of language as a ‘living being’, borrowing vocabulary from evolutionary biology. Both practitioners and researchers also used the image of ‘building’ while highlighting different aspects: linguists talked more about language reconstruction and repair, while the other disputants referred to demolition, breaking down, and decay. Personification was also used, i.e. attributing human qualities and desires to language. The practitioners showed empathy to the language as a sufferer, while the linguists talked about well-being and health. One of the most disputable images was that of language as a social subject that could enjoy freedom. This image, originally proposed by the progressively minded linguists was sharply rejected and responded to by the journalists and the practitioners by using irony and ridiculing. One of the images used only by the practitioners was that of language as a beautiful garden in threat of getting abandoned.
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