| 1. |
- Bécoulet, A., et al.
(författare)
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Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research & development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented.
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| 2. |
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| 4. |
- Fromager, E., et al.
(författare)
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Spin-orbit effects in electron transfer in neptunyl(VI)-neptunyl(V) complexes in solution
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 109:22, s. 4957-4960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spin-orbit effects were investigated on the complexes involved in the electron self-exchange between Np(V) and Np(VI) in both the outer-sphere and inner-sphere mechanisms, the latter for binuclear complexes containing hydroxide, fluoride, and carbonate as bridging ligands. Results obtained with the variation-perturbation and the multireference single excitation spin-orbit Cl calculations are compared. Both effects due to different relaxations of spinors within a multiplet (spin-orbit relaxation) and scalar (electrostatic) relaxation effects in the excited states are accounted for in the latter scheme. The results show that the scalar (electrostatic) relaxation is well described by the single-excitation spin-orbit CI, and that spin-orbit relaxation effects are small in the Np complexes, as in the lighter d-transition elements but in contrast to the main group elements.
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| 5. |
- Lazar, Tamas, et al.
(författare)
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PED in 2021 : A major update of the protein ensemble database for intrinsically disordered proteins
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 49:D1, s. 404-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Protein Ensemble Database (PED) (https://proteinensemble.org), which holds structural ensembles of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), has been significantly updated and upgraded since its last release in 2016. The new version, PED 4.0, has been completely redesigned and reimplemented with cutting-edge technology and now holds about six times more data (162 versus 24 entries and 242 versus 60 structural ensembles) and a broader representation of state of the art ensemble generation methods than the previous version. The database has a completely renewed graphical interface with an interactive feature viewer for region-based annotations, and provides a series of descriptors of the qualitative and quantitative properties of the ensembles. High quality of the data is guaranteed by a new submission process, which combines both automatic and manual evaluation steps. A team of biocurators integrate structured metadata describing the ensemble generation methodology, experimental constraints and conditions. A new search engine allows the user to build advanced queries and search all entry fields including cross-references to IDP-related resources such as DisProt, MobiDB, BMRB and SASBDB. We expect that the renewed PED will be useful for researchers interested in the atomic-level understanding of IDP function, and promote the rational, structure-based design of IDP-targeting drugs.
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| 6. |
- Le Duigou, J., et al.
(författare)
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Optimization and lifecycle engineering for design and manufacture of recycled aluminium parts
- 2016
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Ingår i: CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1726-0604 .- 0007-8506. ; 65:1, s. 149-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aluminium alloys components are numerous in aeronautic and automobile structures. Despite having interesting mechanical properties for lightweight solutions, the extraction of virgin aluminium still has negative impacts on the environment. A solution is to use an increased rate of recycled aluminium in structural parts. This requires a global optimization of the part design and manufacture. The proposed work details the advanced optimization techniques used for product and process design integrating environmental concerns. The methodology is implemented and tested on an industrial case that results in a recycling rate of 75% in high-end structural component based on wrought aluminium alloys. (C) 2016 CIRP.
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| 7. |
- Morris, A, et al.
(författare)
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The Development of a Multidisciplinary System to Understand Causal Factors in Road Crashes
- 2006
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Ingår i: 42nd Annual Human Factors and Ergonomics Society of Australia Conference 2006, HFESA 2006. - 9781622769599 ; , s. 31-38
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The persistent lack of crash causation data to help inform and monitor road and vehicle safety policy is a major obstacle. Data are needed to assess the performance of road and vehicle safety stakeholders and is needed to support the development of further actions. A recent analysis conducted by the European Transport Safety Council identified that there was no single system in place that could meet all of the needs and that there were major gaps including in-depth crash causation information. This paper describes the process of developing a data collection and analysis system designed to fill these gaps. A project team with members from 7 countries was set up to devise appropriate variable lists to collect crash causation information under the following topic levels: accident, road environment, vehicle, and road user, using two quite different sets of resources: retrospective detailed police reports (n=1300) and prospective, independent, on-scene accident research investigations (n=1000). Data categorisation and human factors analysis methods based on Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (Hollnagel, 1998) were developed to enable the causal factors to be recorded, linked and understood. A harmonised, prospective "on-scene" method for recording the root causes and critical events of road crashes was developed. Where appropriate, this includes interviewing road users in collaboration with more routine accident investigation techniques. The typical level of detail recorded is a minimum of 150 variables for each accident. The project will enable multidisciplinary information on the circumstances of crashes to be interpreted to provide information on the causal factors. This has major applications in the areas of active safety systems, infrastructure and road safety, as well as for tailoring behavioural interventions. There is no direct model available internationally that uses such a systems based approach.
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| 9. |
- Vallet-Erdtmann, V, et al.
(författare)
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The testicular form of hormone-sensitive lipase HSLtes confers rescue of male infertility in HSL-deficient mice
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 279:41, s. 42875-42880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inactivation of the hormone-sensitive lipase gene (HSL) confers male sterility with a major defect in spermatogenesis. Several forms of HSL are expressed in testis. HSLtes mRNA and protein are found in early and elongated spermatids, respectively. The other forms are expressed in diploid germ cells and interstitial cells of the testis. To determine whether the absence of the testis-specific form of HSL, HSLtes, was responsible for the infertility in HSL-null mice, we generated transgenic mice expressing HSLtes under the control of its own promoter. The transgenic animals were crossed with HSL-null mice to produce mice deficient in HSL in non-gonadal tissues but expressing HSLtes in haploid germ cells. Cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity was almost completely blunted in HSL-deficient testis. Mice with one allele of the transgene showed an increase in enzymatic activity and a small elevation in the production of spermatozoa. The few fertile hemizygous male mice produced litters of very small to small size. The presence of the two alleles led to a doubling in cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity, which represented 25% of the wild type values associated with a qualitatively normal spermatogenesis and a partial restoration of sperm reserves. The fertility of these mice was totally restored with normal litter sizes. In line with the importance of the esterase activity, HSLtes transgene expression reversed the cholesteryl ester accumulation observed in HSL-null mice. Therefore, expression of HSLtes and cognate cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity leads to a rescue of the infertility observed in HSL-deficient male mice.
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| 10. |
- Vallet, V., et al.
(författare)
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Solvent effects on uranium(VI) fluoride and hydroxide complexes studied by EXAFS and quantum chemistry
- 2001
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 40:14, s. 3516-3525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structures of the complexes UO2Fn(H2O)(5-n)(2-n), n = 3-5, have been studied by EXAFS. All have pentagonal bipyramid geometry with U-F of and U-H2O distances equal to 2.26 and 2.48 Angstrom, respectively. On the other hand the complex UO2(OH)(4)(2-) has a square bipyramid geometry both in the solid state and in solution. The structures of hydroxide and fluoride complexes have also been investigated with wave function based and DFT methods in order to explore the possible reasons for the observed structural differences. These studies include models that describe the solvent by using a discrete second coordination sphere, a model with a spherical, or shape-adapted cavity in a conductor-like polarizable continuum medium (CPCM), or a combination of the two. Solvent effects were shown to give the main contribution to the observed structure variations between the uranium(VI) tetrahydroxide and the tetrafluoride complexes. Without a solvent model both UO2(OH)(4)(H2O)(2-) and UO2F4(H2O)(2-) have the same square bipyramid geometry, with the water molecule located at a distance of more than 4 Angstrom from uranium and with a charge distribution that is very near identical in the two complexes. Of the models tested, only the CPCM ones are able to describe the experimentally observed square and pentagonal bipyramid geometry in the tetrahydroxide and tetrafluoride complexes. The geometry and the relative energy of different isomers of UO2F3(H2O)(2)(-) are very similar, indicating that they are present in comparable amounts in solution. All calculated bond distances are in good agreement with the experimental observations, provided that a proper model of the solvent is used.
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